Kevin Gray is a Professor in International Relations at the School of Global Studies, University of Sussex. Jong-Woon Lee is Associate Professor and Director of Peace Education Center at Hanshin University, South Korea.

'In a major and highly original contribution to our understanding of North Korea, Kevin Gray and Jong-Woon Lee demonstrate that its development has been profoundly influenced by its challenging geopolitical context. Essential reading for anyone interested in this enigmatic nation.' Mark Beeson, author of Rethinking Global Governance

• Preface; Introduction: The Development-Geopolitics Nexus in North Korea; 1. State Building and Late Development in North Korea; 2. Post-War Reconstruction and Catch-Up Industrialisation; 3. Geopolitical Contestation and the Challenge to North Korean Development; 4. Economic Decline and the Crisis of the 1990s; 5. Marketisation and the Transformation of the North Korean State; 6.North Korean Economic Reform in the Shadow of China; 7. Dependency in Chinese-North Korean Relations?; 8. International Sanctions and North Korean Development; Conclusion.

Kevin Gray is a Professor in International Relations at the School of Global Studies, University of Sussex. Jong-Woon Lee is Associate Professor and Director of Peace Education Center at Hanshin University, South Korea.

'In a major and highly original contribution to our understanding of North Korea, Kevin Gray and Jong-Woon Lee demonstrate that its development has been profoundly influenced by its challenging geopolitical context. Essential reading for anyone interested in this enigmatic nation.' Mark Beeson, author of Rethinking Global Governance

• Preface; Introduction: The Development-Geopolitics Nexus in North Korea; 1. State Building and Late Development in North Korea; 2. Post-War Reconstruction and Catch-Up Industrialisation; 3. Geopolitical Contestation and the Challenge to North Korean Development; 4. Economic Decline and the Crisis of the 1990s; 5. Marketisation and the Transformation of the North Korean State; 6.North Korean Economic Reform in the Shadow of China; 7. Dependency in Chinese-North Korean Relations?; 8. International Sanctions and North Korean Development; Conclusion.

Kevin Gray is a Professor in International Relations at the School of Global Studies, University of Sussex. Jong-Woon Lee is Associate Professor and Director of Peace Education Center at Hanshin University, South Korea.

'In a major and highly original contribution to our understanding of North Korea, Kevin Gray and Jong-Woon Lee demonstrate that its development has been profoundly influenced by its challenging geopolitical context. Essential reading for anyone interested in this enigmatic nation.' Mark Beeson, author of Rethinking Global Governance

• Preface; Introduction: The Development-Geopolitics Nexus in North Korea; 1. State Building and Late Development in North Korea; 2. Post-War Reconstruction and Catch-Up Industrialisation; 3. Geopolitical Contestation and the Challenge to North Korean Development; 4. Economic Decline and the Crisis of the 1990s; 5. Marketisation and the Transformation of the North Korean State; 6.North Korean Economic Reform in the Shadow of China; 7. Dependency in Chinese-North Korean Relations?; 8. International Sanctions and North Korean Development; Conclusion.