Building Type Basics for Senior Living

L. BRADFORD PERKINS, FAIA, MRAIC, AICP, is the founder and Chairman of Perkins Eastman, an international architectural, interior design, and planning firm based in New York with eight additional offices in North America and four more around the world. He is author or coauthor of three books published by Wiley: International Practice for Architects; Building Type Basics for Elementary and Secondary Schools, Second Edition; and Architect's Essentials of Starting, Assessing, and Transitioning a Design Firm.J. DAVID HOGLUND, FAIA, LEED AP, is the President of Perkins Eastman and the firm's National Practice Leader for Senior Living. Over a dozen Perkins Eastman principals and senior staff contributed to this book.

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• Preface xviiAcknowledgments xix1. Senior Living Today 1State of the Industry 1Design and the Aging Process 52. Programming & Planning Guidelines 13Understanding the Marketplace 13Programming Space Guidelines 14Community Based Options 14Long-Term Care 33Hospice 60Assisted Living Residences 64Residences for Persons with Alzheimer’s and Dementia 82Independent Living with Services 96Continuing Care Retirement Communities 107Active Adult Communities 119Summary 1233. The Future of Senior Living 125Demographics 125Consumers’ Expectations 126Lifestyle Changes 129Service Partnerships 135New Housing and Care Concepts 139Affordability 1414. Project Process and Management 149Planning, Design, and Implementation Process 149Common Problems and Cautions 162Conclusion 1675. Site Planning, Parking, and Landscape Design 169Site Size 169Relationship to Adjacent Land Uses 171Vehicular Circulation 171Parking 173Landscape Design 1736. Building Codes 183Codes and Regulations 184Regulatory Issues 186Waivers 191Conclusion 1927. Sustainability 193Market Expectations 193Calculating Cost Benefit 195Strategies for Sustainability 1968. Structural Systems 205Considerations 205Structural System Types 2099. Mechanical, Plumbing, Fire-Protection, and Electrical Systems 215The Interior Environment and Comfort for an Aging Population 215Program and Concept 216Applicable Codes 216Program Impact on System Selection 217Finished Ceilings and Building Height 219Construction 220Mechanical and Hvac System Options 222Ventilation 227Plumbing 229Fire Protection 230Electrical Distribution 231Emergency Power 232Lighting 23310. Communications and Low-Voltage Electrical Systems 235Systems Proliferation 235Trends 24011. Special Technologies 241Remote Biometric Monitoring Systems 24112. Products and Equipment 245Medical Equipment 245Universal Design 245Mobility Devices 246Food Service 246Bathing Equipment 24913. Acoustics 255Key Acoustical Considerations 255Design Guidelines for Specialized Spaces 258Hearing‐Impairment Guidelines and Code Requirements 26214. Lighting Design 265Light Levels, Reflectance Values, and Glare 267Lamping Options 268Windows and Daylighting 269Design Guidelines for Specialized Spaces 269Conclusion 27615. Interior Design 279The Design Process 279Color Theory 286Wayfinding 287Materiality 287Interior Design Guidelines 289Furniture and Furnishings 295Process 29816. Renovation, Restoration, and Adaptive Reuse 299Long‐Term Care Facilities 299Assisted Living Facilities 300Independent Living Facilities 300Cosmetic Renovation 301Moderate Renovation 301Major Renovation 301Adaptive Reuse 30517. International Challenges 307Service Development 309Programming and Design 310Service and Socialization 313Process 313Aging at Home 314Country‐Specific Issues 315Conclusion 32418. Operation and Maintenance 325Introduction 325Operations Costs 326Ongoing Operating and Maintenance Costs 327Durability, Useful Life, and Replacement Costs 32919. Cost Management 335Cost Management Program 335Relative Costs 336Value Engineering and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 33620. Finances and Feasibility 343Ten Steps to Financing 343Financing Variations for Senior Settings 349Appendix A: Unit Types and Sizes for Senior Living 351Appendix B: Building Net-to-Gross Factors for Senior Living 352Appendix C: Geriatric Clinic: Typical Program Components 353Appendix D: Sample Large Outpatient Clinic Program 354Appendix E: Sample Enhanced Retirement Community Clinic Program 355Appendix F: Adult Day Care: Sample Program for 50 Participants 356Appendix G: Long-Term Care Gross Area per Bed Guidelines 358Appendix H: Typical Long-Term Care Program Components 359Appendix I: Sample Program: Long-Term Care, 126 Bed, 4-Story (and Basement) Neighborhood/Household Model 360Appendix J: Freestanding 75-Unit, 3-Story Assisted Living Facility with 20-Bed Memory-Support Neighborhood 366Appendix K: Sample Program for 40-person Memory-Care Residence 369Appendix L: Sample Program for Independent Living with Services Building—150 Units, 4 Stories, 2 Wings 371Appendix M: CCRC Program 375Appendix N: Enhanced CCRC Therapy Program 383Glossary 385Bibliography and References 395Index 399