Evidence-Based Dermatology

Hywel Williams, MBBS Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.Michael Bigby, MD, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, USA.Andrew Herxheimer, MBBS, UK Cochrane Centre.Luigi Naldi, M, Department of Dermatology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy.Berthold Rzany, MD, Division of EBM, Klinik fur Dermatologie, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.Robert Dellavalle, MD, Chief, Dermatology Service, Denver VA Medical Center, USA.Yuping Ran, MD, Department of Dermatology, Sichuan University, China.Masutaka Furue, MD, Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Japan.

• Contributors, viiiForeword, xiiPreface, xivAbout the companion website, xvPART I: The concept of evidence-based dermatologyAndrew Herxheimer, editor1 The field and its boundaries, 3Luigi Naldi2 The rationale for evidence-based dermatology, 7Hywel C. Williams and Michael Bigby3 The role of patient and public involvement in evidence-based dermatology, 12Carron Layfield, Amanda Roberts, Jason Simons, Colette O'Sullivan, Anjna Rani, and Kim Thomas4 The Cochrane Skin Group, 17Finola Delamere, Liz Doney, Laura Prescott, and Shirley ManknellPART II: The critical appraisal toolboxMichael Bigby, editor5 Formulating well-built clinical questions, 25Michael Bigby and Berthold Rzany6 Finding the best evidence, 27Michael Bigby and Rosamaria Corona7 The hierarchy of evidence, 30Michael Bigby8 Appraising systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 33Michael Bigby and Hywel C. Williams9 How to critically appraise a randomized controlled trial, 39Hywel C. Williams10 Assessing and explaining the evidence on harms of medical interventions, 46Luigi Naldi11 How to evaluate diagnostic tests, 50Joerg Albrecht and Michael Bigby12 What makes a good case series?, 54Joerg Albrecht and Michael Bigby13 What makes a good prevalence survey?, 58Hywel C. Williams14 Critical appraisal of pharmacoeconomic studies, 62Rajini K. Murthy, Laura K. DeLong, and Suephy C. Chen15 Comparative effectiveness research: what it is and how to assess its quality, 66Junko Takeshita and Joel M. Gelfand16 Outcome measures, 71Alain Dupuy, Emilie Sbidian, and Sylvie Bastuji-Garin17 Where does qualitative research fit into evidence-based dermatology?, 75Ray Jobling and Luigi Naldi18 Applying the evidence back to the patient, 79Hywel C. WilliamsPART III: The evidenceSECTION 1: Common inflammatory skin diseasesLuigi Naldi, editor19 Acne vulgaris, 87Michael Romano and Robert P. Dellavalle20 Papulopustular rosacea, 106Alfredo Rebora and Francesco Drago21 Perioral dermatitis, 112Vincenzo Bettoli, Stefania Zauli, and Annarosa Virgili22 Hand eczema, 117Wietske A. Christoffers, Marie-Louise Anna Schuttelaar, and Pieter-Jan Coenraads23 The primary prevention of atopic dermatitis, 127Joanne R. Chalmers, Sam F. Bremmer, and Eric L. Simpson24 Atopic eczema, 136Kim Thomas, Carolyn Charman, Helen Nankervis, Jane Ravenscroft, and Hywel C. Williams25 Seborrheic dermatitis, 169Mauro Picardo and Norma Cameli26 Treatment of psoriasis, 175Alexander Nast, Phyllis Spuls, and Tamar Nijsten27 Lichen planus, 200Laurence Le Cleach and Olivier Chosidow28 Acute urticaria, 206Torsten Schafer29 Chronic urticaria, 210Karsten Weller and Marcus MaurerSECTION 2: Skin cancer, moles, and actinic keratosesRobert Dellavalle, editor30 Primary prevention of skin cancer, 223Monika Janda and Adele C. Green31 Treatment of cutaneous melanoma, 231Mary Ann N. Johnson and April W. Armstrong32 Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, 241Louise Lansbury, William Perkins, and Fiona Bath-Hextall33 Basal cell carcinoma, 250Fiona Bath-Hextall and William Perkins34 Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, 264Fiona Child and Sean Whittaker35 Actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease, 283Sasha N. Jenkins, Maren Speck, and Suephy C. Chen36 Kaposi sarcoma, 303Whitney A. High37 Melanocytic nevi, 313Varun Shahi and Jerry D. BrewerSECTION 3: Infective skin diseases, exanthems, and infestationsMasutaka Furue and Yuping Ran, editors38 Local treatments for cutaneous warts, 320Juping Chen and Yan Wu39 Molluscum contagiosum, 329Minh L. Lam40 Impetigo, 337Sander Koning, Renske van der Sande, Lisette W.A. van Suijlekom-Smit, and Johannes C. van der Wouden41 Athlete's foot, 341Inajara Rotta, Michel F. Otuki, and Cassyano J. Correr42 Pityriasis versicolor, 345Nancy Habib and Michael Bigby43 Onychomycosis, 349Aditya K. Gupta, Elizabeth A. Cooper, Maryse Paquet, and Fiona Simpson44 Tinea capitis, 364Urba Gonzalez45 Deep fungal infections, 371Roderick J. Hay46 Streptococcal cellulitis/erysipelas of the lower leg, 378Vinod E. Nambudiri and Michael Bigby47 Exanthematic reactions, 388Sandra R. Knowles and Neil H. Shear48 Herpes simplex, 396Vera Mahler49 Leprosy, 407Saumya Panda50 Cutaneous leishmaniasis, 421Urba Gonzalez, Armando Ruiz-Baques, and Jorge Alvar51 Scabies, 432Ian F. Burgess52 Head lice, 441Ian F. Burgess and Ciara S. Casey53 Insect bites and stings, 451Belen Lardizabal DofitasSECTION 4: Disorders of pigmentationHywel C. Williams, editor54 Vitiligo, 464Juan Jorge Manriquez and Sergio M. Niklitschek55 Melasma, 470Asad Salim, Ratna Rajaratnam, and Eva Soos DomanneSECTION 5: Common ailments with significant cosmetic impactBerthold Rzany, editor56 Male and female androgenetic alopecia, 486Hans Wolff and Kathrin Giehl57 Alopecia areata, 490Rod Sinclair58 Evidence-based treatment of hirsutism, 498Ulrike Blume-Peytavi and Natalie Garcia-Bartels59 Focal hyperhidrosis, 504Kave Shams and Berthold Rzany60 Dermal fillers, 512Stephanie Ogden and Tamara Griffiths61 Reducing mimic wrinkles and folds with botulinum toxin A, 516Berthold RzanySECTION 6: Other important skin disordersMichael Bigby, editor62 Cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 523Susan Jessop and David Whitelaw63 Dermatomyositis, 531Ruth Ann Vleugels, David F. Fiorentino, and Jeffrey P. Callen64 Acquired subepidermal bullous diseases, 545Gudula Kirtschig, Vanessa Venning, Nonhlanhla P. Khumalo, and Fenella Wojnarowska65 Pemphigus, 552Linda K. Martin, Brian R. Sperber, Dedee F. Murrell, and Victoria P. Werth66 Cutaneous sarcoidosis, 561Misha Rosenbach and Joseph C. English III67 Erythema multiforme, 575Pierre-Dominique Ghislain and Jean-Claude Roujeau68 Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, 578Jean-Claude Roujeau, Pierre-Dominique Ghislain, and Laurence Valleyrie-Allanore69 Polymorphic light eruption, 586Robert S. Dawe70 Infantile hemangiomas, 590Hossain Shahidullah71 Pruritus, 595Elke Weisshaar and Gil Yosipovitch72 Vulval lichen sclerosus, erosive lichen planus, and vulvodynia, 615Rosalind C. Simpson, Ruth Murphy, and David Nunns73 Venous ulcers, 624Jonathan Kantor, David J. Margolis, and Douglas J. Pugliese74 Other skin diseases for which trials exist, 632Sinead Langan and Hywel C. WilliamsPART IV: The future of evidence-based dermatologyLuigi Naldi, editor75 Where do we go from here?, 637Hywel C. WilliamsSubject Index, 644