Nanomedicine for Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

Ajay Kumar Mishra is currently working as the Director at the Centre for Nanomaterials Science and also as an associate professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, where he is a group leader of the research area for the composites/nanocomposites, water research, and bio-inorganic chemistry.

• Preface xv Part 1: Nanomedicine 11 High-technology Therapy Using Biomolecules or Synthetic Compounds for HIV Inhibition 3Elvis Fosso-Kankeu, Pascaline Fontehand Ajay K.Mishra1.1 Gene Therapy Including RNAHigh-Technology Against HIV 41.2 Metals and HIV Therapy 161.3 Conclusions 26References 272 Emerging Nanomedicine Approaches for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration 39Author Lineis Missing2.1 Introduction 392.2 Emerging NanomedicineApproaches 42References 543 Synthesis of Poly(Methacrylate) Encapsulated Magnetite Nanoparticles via Phosphonic Acid Anchoring Chemistry and Its Applications Toward Biomedicine 63B. Kothandapaniand Ajay K. Mishra3.1 Introduction 643.2 Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles 733.3 Application in Biomedical Fields 823.4 Conclusions 84References 854 Potentiometric PVC Membrane Sensors and Their Analytical Applications in Pharmaceuticals and Environmental Samples at Micro- and Nano-level 87Gamal Abel-Hafiz Mostafa4.1 Introduction 874.2 Ion Selective Electrode 884.3 Glass Membrane Electrode 894.4 Characteristics of ISE 904.5 Preparation of PVC Membrane 944.6 Method of Preparation of the Liquid Membrane ISEs 964.7 Application of Ion Selective Electrodes in Pharmaceutical and Environmental Analysis Using 974.8 Conclusion 123References 1275 Bioceramics: Silica-based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Medical Applications 135Sadanand Pandey and Shivani B. Mishra5.1 Introduction 1365.2 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials 1415.3 Tissue Engineering 1465.4 Other Organic-Inorganic Bioceramics for Medical Applications 1505.5 Conclusion 1565.6 Considerations and Future Directions 157Acknowledgement 157References 1586 Recent Advances of Multifunctional Nanomedicines 163Pradeep Pratap Singh and Ambika6.1 Introduction 1636.2 Nanomaterials of Biomedical Interest 1646.3 Target-specificPharmacotherapy: Need for Nanocarrier Delivery Systems 1656.4 Engineering of Pharmaceutical Nanosystems 1666.5 Applications of Pharmaceutical Nanotools 1806.6 Nanotoxicity 1816.7 Future prospects 1826.8 Conclusion 183References 1847 Nanomedicinal Approaches for Diabetes Management 189Prashant Kumar Raiand Ajay Kumar Mishra7.1 Introduction: The Motivation behind the Chapter 1897.2 Type of Diabetes 1917.3 Treatments for Diabetes 1927.4 Why the Interest in Nanomedicine Research? 1937.5 The Vision of Nanotechnology and its Clinical Applications for Diabetes 1947.6 Summary 195Acknowledgements 195References 1958 Polymeric Nanofibersin Regenerative Medicine 197Narayan Chandra Mishra and Sharmistha Mitra (Majumder)8.1 Introduction 1978.2 Preparation of Nanofibers 1998.3 RecentAdvances onApplication of Polymeric Nanofibersin Regenerative Medicine 2018.4 Conclusions 222References 222Part 2: Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2279 Multifunctional Nano/Micro Polymer Capsules as Potential 229Haider Sami, J. Jaishree, Ashok Kumar and Sri Sivakumar9.1 Introduction 2309.2 Synthesis of Polymer Capsules 2329.3 Properties of Multilayered Polymer Capsules 2379.4 Loading of Therapeutics 2399.5 Stimuli-responsive Polymer Capsules 2429.6 Multifunctional Hybrid Capsules 2559.7 Targeted Polymer Capsules 2679.8 BiomedicalApplications 2689.9 Outlook and Future Prospects 274References 27410 Nanophosphors-Nanogold Immunoconjugates in Isolation of Biomembranes and in Drug Delivery 285Dwijendra Gupta, Dhruv Kumar, Manish Dwivedi, Vijay Tripathi, Pratibha Phadke-Gupta and Surya Pratap Singh10.1 Introduction 28610.2 Nanoparticle Technology 28710.3 The Versatility of Nanoparticles in Biological Sciences 28810.4 Materials and Methods 29310.5 Nanotags for Bio-labeling and Targeting: Nanophosphors or Quantum Dots 29710.6 AFM Study of CdS and BSATagged ZnS-Mn Nanoparticles 30210.7 Nano-Conjugates in Drug Delivery 30410.8 Nanoparticle-mediated Drug Delivery and Nanotherapeutics 30510.9 The Limitations of QDs 30610.10 Summary 307Acknowledgements 308References 30911 Cyclodextrin-based Nanoengineered Drug Delivery System 313Jaya Lakkakula and Rui Werner Maçedo Krause11.1 Introduction 31411.2 Inclusion Complex Formation 31611.3 Phase Solubility Relationships 31811.4 Effect of Cyclodextrin on Drug Formulation 32111.5 Cyclodextrin-based Drug Delivery 32411.6 Cyclodextrins in Novel Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) 33111.7 Conclusion 335Acknowledgements 335References 33812 Medicinal Patches and Drug Nanoencapsulation 343María H. Lissarrague, Hernan Garate, Melisa E. Lamanna, Norma B. D’Accorso and Silvia N.Goyanes12.1 Introduction 34312.2 Overview of Passive Skin Permeation (Passive Patches) 34412.3 Recent Development on Skin Permeation 35712.4 Drug Encapsulation 36112.5 Triggered Release 36912.6 Conclusions 374References 37413 Dendrimers: AClass of Polymer in the Nanotechnology for the Drug Delivery 379Sunil K.Singh and Vivek K. Sharma13.1 Introduction 37913.2 Historical Origin of Dendrimers 38013.3 Structure of Dendrimers 38113.4 Terms Used in Dendrimer Chemistry 38313.5 Types of Dendrimers 38513.6 Application of Dendrimers 39213.7 Dendrimers in Oral Drug Delivery 39413.8 Dendrimers in Transdermal Drug Delivery 39613.9 Dendrimers in Ocular Drug Delivery 39813.10 Dendrimers inAnticancer Drug Delivery 39913.11 Dendrimers in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment 40113.12 Conclusion 411References 41114 Designing Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery 417Munishwar N. Gupta and Joyeeta Mukherjee14.1 Introduction 41714.2 Sizes, Shapes andAdvantages of Nanomaterials 41814.3 Bioconjugation Strategies 42114.4 Carbon Nanotubes 42914.5 Drug Targeting 43414.6 Future Perspectives 436Acknowledgements 437References 43715 Multifunctional Polymeric Micelles for Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 443Alicia Sawdon and Ching-An Peng15.1 Introduction 44315.2 Composition, Formation and Characterization of Polymeric Micelles 44415.3 Polymeric Micelles for Cancer Chemotherapy 45015.4 Targeting Schemes 45715.5 Polymeric Micelles for Diagnostics and Imaging 46515.6 Conclusions 467References 46716 Nanoparticles-based Carriers for Gene Therapy and Drug Delivery 477Marketa Ryvolova, Jana Drbohlavova, Kristyna Smerkova, Jana Chomoucka, Pavlina Sobrova,Vojtech Adam, PavelKopel, Jaromir Hubalek and Rene Kizek 16.1 Introduction 47816.2 Targeted Delivery 47816.3 Conclusion 494References 494