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    1. Naturvetenskap och teknik
    2. Geovetenskap
    3. Miljövetenskap och miljöpolitik

    Peak Energy

    Myth or Reality?

    AvJames G. Speight,M. R. Islam

    Inbunden, Engelska, 2016

    2 093 kr

    Beställningsvara. Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar. Fri frakt över 249 kr.

    Beskrivning

    Does the Earth contain enough oil to provide energy for the human race indefinitely? If not, how long will the oil last? What about renewable energy technologies like wind and solar? Will they be able to supply an indefinite supply of energy for the human race? If not, how long will it last? And what role does overpopulation play in our world's energy supply? Even with multiple forms of energy available, how long will it last as long as more and more humans, and therefore more industries and energy consumption, are added? Taking a long-held theory called "Peak Oil Theory" the authors of this groundbreaking new text examine the theory of "Peak Energy" to examine all of these questions.Crude oil and natural gas are the major sources of fuel used to supply energy for various needs. Users of crude oil and natural gas must take into account that these energy sources are, without doubt, non-renewable depleting resources, and the cost of extraction depends not only on the current rate of production but also on the amount of cumulative production. In fact, many pundits believe projections that the world is rapidly approaching a precipice, after which crude oil and natural gas will no longer be in ready supply.This phenomenon has given rise to the peak oil theory – peak oil is the point in time when the maximum rate of petroleum recovery from the reservoir is reached, after which the rate of petroleum production enters terminal decline. From this concept has emerged the wider concept of the peak energy theory which, as it is related to the availability of all fossil fuels, is also subject to decline with fossil fuel use.This text, written by two of the world's most well-known, respected, and prolific writers in the energy industry, is a fascinating study of our world's energy needs and the future of the multi-source energy supply on this planet. Whether oil and gas, wind, solar, geothermal, or even nuclear, all sources of energy have their limits, and we, as scientists, engineers, and consumers of energy need to be knowledgeable on these topics. This book is a must-have for any engineer, student, scientist, or even layperson interested in energy and the idea of energy sustainability on planet Earth.

    Produktinformation

    • Utgivningsdatum:2016-06-28
    • Mått:158 x 236 x 28 mm
    • Vikt:653 g
    • Format:Inbunden
    • Språk:Engelska
    • Antal sidor:400
    • Förlag:John Wiley & Sons Inc
    • ISBN:9781118549421

    Utforska kategorier

    • Miljövetenskap och miljöpolitik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

    Mer om författaren

    James G. Speight, PhD, is a senior fuel consultant and Visiting Professor at the University of Trinidad and Tobago and Adjunct Professor of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah, USA. He is recognized internationally as an expert in the characterization, properties, and processing of conventional and synthetic fuels and has more than 40 years of experience in the process industries. He is the author of numerous books and papers, the senior editor on the Journal of Sustainable Energy Engineering, and he has won numerous awards and distinctions. M. R. Islam, PhD, is a world-wide consultant on environment and energy-related issues. Dr. Islam is known as the most published engineer in the world. He is credited to have coined terms, such as "green petroleum" and "sustainable petroleum development" at a time when "sustainable petroleum" was considered to be an oxymoron. Dr. Islam's most notable contributions are in the areas of sustainability, environmental integrity, and knowledge modeling, on which topic he has written dozens of books and over 700 research papers.

    Innehållsförteckning

    • Preface xiAbout the Authors xiii1 History and Terminology of Energy Sources 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Fossil Fuel Resources 101.2.1 Petroleum 111.2.2 High-Acid Crude Oils and Opportunity Crudes 141.2.3 Oil from Tight Formations and from Shale Formations 161.2.4 Natural Gas 171.2.5 Heavy Oil 191.2.6 Tar Sand Bitumen 201.2.7 Coal 231.2.7.1 Lignite 241.2.7.2 Subbituminous Coal 251.2.7.3 Bituminous Coal 251.2.7.4 Anthracite 271.2.8 Oil Shale 271.2.9 Gas Hydrates 301.3 Non-Fossil Fuel Resources 321.3.1 Biomass 321.3.2 Wind Energy 371.3.3 Solar Energy 371.3.4 Geothermal Energy 381.3.5 Ocean Energy 391.3.6 Nuclear Energy 401.3.7 Hydrogen Energy 411.3.8 Hydropower 42References 432 Energy Sources and Supply 492.1 Introduction 492.2 Fossil Fuel Sources 562.2.1 Petroleum, Heavy Oil, and Tar Sand Bitumen 572.2.2 Natural Gas 652.2.3 Coal 672.3 Oil Shale 682.4 Gas Hydrates 712.5 Non-Fossil Fuel Energy Sources 722.5.1 Biomass 732.5.2 The Wind 752.5.3 The Sun 752.5.4 Geothermal Sources 762.5.5 The Tides 762.6 Nuclear Energy 772.7 Hydrogen Energy 772.8 Energy Supply 782.8.1 Physical Factors 782.8.2 Technological Factors 802.9 Economic and Geopolitical Factors 822.10 Peak Oil 832.10.1 Peak Oil Theory 832.10.2 Effects and Consequences 872.11 Energy Independence 872.12 Energy Security 92References 963 Future Energy from Fossil Fuels 1033.1 Introduction 1033.2 The Role of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery 1063.3 Heavy Oil, Extra Heavy Oil, and Tar Sand Bitumen 1233.4 Natural Gas and Gas Hydrates 1253.5 Tight Oil and Gas 1273.5.1 Tight Oil 1283.5.2 Tight Gas 1293.6 Undiscovered Oil 1293.7 Oil Shale 1323.8 Synthetic Fuels 1333.9 The Future Refinery 1353.9.1 The Refinery and Peak Oil Theory 1373.9.2 Refinery Configurations 1383.9.2.1 Petroleum Refinery 1383.9.2.2 BioRefinery 1413.9.2.3 Coal Liquids Refinery 1433.9.2.4 Shale Oil Refinery 1443.9.2.5 Gasification Refinery 1463.9.3 The Integrated Refinery 147References 1514 Future Energy from Unconventional Sources 1574.1 Introduction 1574.2 Unconventional Oil and Gas 1594.3 Tar Sand Bitumen 1624.3.1 Mining and Bitumen Conversion 1644.3.2 Other Processes Related to Mining 1674.3.3 Non-Mining Methods 1694.3.3.1 Steam-Based Processes 1704.3.3.2 Combustion Processes 1714.3.3.3 Other Processes 1724.4 Coal 1734.4.1 Coal Liquefaction 1744.4.2 Gasification 1754.4.3 Gaseous Fuels from Coal 1784.4.3.1 Low Heat-Content (Low-Btu) Gas 1784.4.3.2 Medium Heat-Content (Medium-Btu) Gas 1794.4.3.3 High Heat-Content (High-Btu) Gas 1804.4.4 Liquid Fuels 1804.4.5 Solid Fuels 1814.5 Oil Shale 1824.5.1 Production of Shale Oil 1844.5.2 Refining Shale Oil 1854.6 Gas Hydrates 1884.7 Synthetic Fuels 1924.8 Other Energy Sources 1964.8.1 Geothermal Energy 1974.8.2 Hydrogen Energy 1994.8.3 Nuclear Energy 2014.8.4 Wind Energy 203References 2055 Future Energy from Biomass 2095.1 Introduction 2095.2 Biomass Feedstocks 2125.2.1 Energy from Crops 2155.2.2 Energy from Wood 2165.2.3 Energy from Waste 2175.3 The Chemistry of Biomass 2175.4 A BioRefinery 2185.5 Biofuels 2205.5.1 Ethanol 2205.5.2 Biodiesel 2215.5.3 Bio-oil 2225.5.4 Biofuels from Synthesis Gas 2235.6 Biofuels: A Replacement for Petroleum and Natural Gas 2265.6.1 Gaseous Fuels 2265.6.1.1 Fermentation 2275.6.1.2 Gasification 2275.6.1.3 Biophotolysis 2285.6.2 Liquid Fuels 2295.6.3 Solid Fuels 2305.7 Processes 231References 2326 Peak Energy 2376.1 Introduction 2376.2 History of the Peak Oil Theory 2406.2.1 Relation to Population and Lifestyle 2416.2.2 Evidence in Favor of the Peak Oil Theory 2456.2.3 Social Theories and the Peak Oil Theory 2496.3 Petroleum in the Big Picture 2506.4 World Petroleum Reserves 2526.5 Unconventional Oil and Gas 2596.5.1 Petroleum and Natural Gas 2606.5.2 Shale Gas 2626.5.3 Coalbed Methane 2636.5.4 Tight Gas Reserves 264References 2677 The Reality of the Peak Oil Theory 2717.1 Introduction 2717.2 The Petroleum Industry 2727.2.1 Background 2727.2.2 Jevons Paradox 2757.2.3 Equity Shoulder Debt 2867.2.4 The Finite-Infinite Conundrum 2887.2.5 Renewable and Non-Renewable: Energy without Boundaries 2887.3 Scientific Characterization of Energy Resources 2927.3.1 Solar Energy 2947.3.2 Hydropower 2977.3.3 Ocean Thermal, Wave, and Tidal Energy 2987.3.4 Bioenergy 2997.3.4.1 Fuelwood 3007.3.4.2 Bioethanol 3027.3.4.3 Biodiesel 3037.3.5 Nuclear Power 3047.3.6 Geothermal Energy 3077.3.7 Hydrogen Energy 3087.4 Conclusions 310References 3108 Global Climate Change 3158.1 Introduction 3158.2 Interglacial Periods 3208.3 The Role of Human Activity 3228.4 Climate Change 3248.5 Conclusions 325References 3279 Energy Sustainability 3319.1 Introduction 3319.2 Sustainable Energy 3339.3 Real Reserve Potential 3369.4 Biomass Sustainability 3419.5 Conclusions 343References 344Common Conversion Factors 345Glossary 349Index 371