Fundamentals of Conjugated Polymer Blends, Copolymers and Composites

Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Inbunden, Engelska, 2015

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Beskrivning

Since their discovery in 1977, the evolution of conducting polymers has revolutionized modern science and technology. These polymers enjoy a special status in the area of materials science yet they are not as popular among young readers or common people when compared to other materials like metals, paper, plastics, rubber, textiles, ceramics and composites like concrete. Most importantly, much of the available literature in the form of papers, specific review articles and books is targeted either at advanced readers (scientists / technologists / engineers / senior academicians) or for those who are already familiar with the topic (doctoral / postdoctoral scholars). For a beginner or even school / college students, such compilations are bit difficult to access / digest. In fact, they need proper introduction to the topic of conducting polymers including their discovery, preparation, properties, applications and societal impact, using suitable examples and already known principles/knowledge/phenomenon.Further, active participation of readers in terms of "question & answers", "fill-in-the-blanks", "numerical" along with suitable answer key is necessary to maintain the interest and to initiate the "thought process". The readers also need to know about the drawbacks and any hazards of such materials. Therefore, I believe that a comprehensive source on the science / technology of conducting polymers which maintains a link between grass root fundamentals and state-of-the-art R&D is still missing from the open literature.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2015-05-11
Mått:163 x 236 x 46 mm
Vikt:1 247 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:800
Förlag:John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN:9781118549490

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Parveen Saini has been a scientist at the National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India since 2004. He obtained his PhD in Polymers and Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India, and thereafter, he worked as an engineer at the Sriram Institute for Industrial Research, New Delhi. His research interests include conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, conducting polymer nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, microwave absorption, antistatic/electrostatic dissipation (ESD), anticorrosive, and battery applications. He has authored more than 50 scientific publications, book chapters, and patents. He is the recipient of the prestigious CSIR Young Scientist Award-2013 in the area of Engineering Science.

Innehållsförteckning

Foreword by Sir Richard Friend xvPreface xviPart 1: Multiphase Systems: Synthesis, Properties and Applications1 Conjugated Polymer-based Blends, Copolymers, and Composites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications 3Parveen Saini1.1 Introduction 41.2 CPs/ICPs-Based Blends 71.2.1 Classification of CPs/ICPs-Based Blends 81.3 CPs/ICPs-Based Copolymers (CCPs) 111.3.1 Types of CPs/ICPs-Based Copolymers 111.3.2 Sub-Classification of Linear or Graft BCPs 201.4 CPs/ICPs-Based Composites/Nanocomposites/Hybrids 231.4.1 Categorization of CPs/ICPs-Based NCs 261.5 Interpenetrating/Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN/SIPN) 291.6 Synthesis of CPs/ICPs-Based BLNs, CCPs, and CMPs/NCs/HYBs 301.6.1 Synthesis of Undoped CPs-Based BLNs 301.6.2 Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers-Based Copolymers 391.6.3 CPs/ICPs-Based CMPs/NCs 521.7 Applications of CPs/ICPs-Based BLNs, CCPs, and CMPs/NCS/HYBs 631.7.1 ICP-Based Systems 631.7.2 CPs-Based Systems 631.8 Conclusions 79Acknowledgments 80References 802 Progress in Polyaniline Composites with Transition Metal Oxides 119Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović2.1 Introduction 1192.2 PANI/Transition Metal Oxide Composites 1202.2.1 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Copper Group of Transition Metals 1212.2.2 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Zinc Group of Transition Metals 1212.2.3 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Scandium Group of Transition Metals 1242.2.4 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Titanium Group of Transition Metals 1262.2.5 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Vanadium Group of Transition Metals 1312.2.6 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Chromium Group of Transition Metals 1322.2.7 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Manganese Group of Transition Metals 1372.2.8 PANI Composites with Oxides of Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Groups of Transition Metals 1402.3 Conclusions and Outlook 151Abbreviations 152References 1533 Conjugated-Polymer/Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials-Based Hybrids for Optoelectronic Applications 163Anuushka Pal, Parveen Saini, and Sameer Sapra3.1 Introduction 1643.2 Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials (QCNs) 1653.2.1 Inorganic Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials (QCNs) 1663.2.2 Organic Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials (QCNs) 1673.3 Synthetic Approaches for Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials (QCNs) 1683.3.1 Synthesis of Inorganic Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials 1693.3.2 Synthesis of Organic Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials 1743.3.3 Optical Properties 1763.4 Conjugated-Polymer/Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials (CP/QCN) Hybrids 1833.4.1 Methodologies for Making Conjugated-Polymer/Inorganic QCN Hybrids 1833.4.2 Chemical Methods 1843.5 Optoelectronic Applications of Hybrids 1903.5.1 Hybrid Solar Cell 1903.5.2 Light-Emitting Diodes 2013.5.3 GQDs/Conjugated-Polymer-Based Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 2083.6 Outlook and Perspective: Current Challenges and Future Scope/Prospects 210Acknowledgments 211References 2114 Graphene/Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites for Optoelectronic and Biological Applications 229Tapas Kuila, Yu Dong Sheng, and Naresh Chandra Murmu4.1 Introduction 2304.2 Graphene/Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 2314.2.1 Preparation of Graphene/Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 2324.2.2 Different Types of Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites and Their Properties 2344.2.3 Characterizations of Graphene/Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 2524.3 Applications of Graphene/Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 2634.3.1 Optoelectronic Application 2634.3.2 Biological Applications 2684.4 Conclusions and Future Scope 270Acknowledgements 271References 271Part 2: Energy Harvesting and Storage Materials5 Conjugated Polymers-Based Blends, Composites and Copolymers for Photovoltaics 283Ashish Dubey, Parveen Saini, and Qiquan Qiao5.1 Introduction 2845.2 Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) Cells 2845.3 OPV Device Architecture and Working Mechanism 2875.4 Solar Cell Terminologies and Characterization Parameters 2905.4.1 Air Mass (AM) 2905.4.2 Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) 2915.4.3 Short Circuit Current Density (Jsc) 2925.4.4 Fill Factor (FF) 2925.4.5 Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) () 2935.4.6 Quantum Efficiency (QE) 2945.5 CPs-Based Blends, Composites and Copolymers for OPVs 2955.5.1 Polymer-Fullerene BHJ Blends 2965.5.2 Organic–Inorganic Composites/Hybrids 3035.5.3 Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composites 3075.5.4 Polymer/Graphene-Based Composites 3125.6 Conjugated Copolymers for PVs 3145.6.1 Donor–Acceptor Type Alternating Copolymers 3155.6.2 Block Copolymers with Built in p-Type Donor and n-Type Acceptor 3205.7 Conclusions: Current Challenges and Prospects 326Acknowledgements 327References 3276 Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for Thermoelectric Applications 339Qin Yao, Lidong Chen, and Sanyin Qu6.1 Introduction 3406.2 Synthesis Methods 3466.2.1 In Situ Polymerization 3466.2.2 Solution Mixing 3546.2.3 Mechanical Mixing 3596.3 TE Properties of CP/Inorganic Nanocomposites 3616.3.1 CP/CNT Composite 3626.3.2 CP/Graphene Composites 3686.3.3 CP/Metal Composites 3716.3.4 CP/Metal Compounds Composites 3736.4 Summary 376References 3777 Conjugated-Polymer/Inorganic Nanocomposites as Electrode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries 379Qingsheng Gao, Lichun Yang, and Ning Liu7.1 Introduction 3797.2 Nanocomposites of Conjugated Polymer/Inorganic as Cathode Materials 3837.2.1 LiFePO4 3837.2.2 MnO2 3867.2.3 V2O5 3937.3 Nanocomposites of Conjugated Polymers/Inorganic as Anode Materials 4027.3.1 Silicon 4027.3.2 SnO2 4057.3.3 Other Conjugated Polymer-Based Anode Materials 4107.4 Conclusion 412Acknowledgments 413References 4138 Polypyrrole/Inorganic Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors 419Peng Liu8.1 Introduction 4198.2 Polypyrrole/Carbon Nanocomposites 4208.2.1 Carbon Nanoparticles 4218.2.2 Carbon Nanofibers 4218.2.3 Carbon Nanotubes 4228.2.4 Graphene and Derivatives 4278.3 Polypyrrole/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites 4328.3.1 Manganese Oxides 4328.3.2 Titanium Oxides 4358.3.3 Ruthenium Oxides 4368.3.4 Other Metal Oxides 4368.4 Polypyrrole/Clay Nanocomposites 4378.5 Other Polypyrrole/Inorganic Nanocomposites 4388.6 Polypyrrole Ternary Composites 4398.7 Conclusion and Perspectives 443Acknowledgments 444References 444Part 3: Advanced Materials for Environmental Applications9 Intrinsically Conducting Polymer-Based Blends and Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding: Theoretical and Experimental Aspects 451Parveen Saini9.1 Introduction 4519.2 Shielding Phenomenon 4539.2.1 Theoretical Shielding Effectiveness 4549.2.2 Experimental Shielding Effectiveness 4679.2.3 Complex Permittivity and Permeability 4699.2.4 Shielding Materials and Design Considerations 4729.2.5 Synthesis of ICPs-Based Hybrids (Blends and Composites) 4759.2.6 Electrical Properties of ICPs-Based Blends and Composites 4819.2.7 EMI Shielding Performance of ICPs-Loaded Blends and Composites 4839.2.8 EMI Shielding Performance of ICP-Matrix-Based Composites 4929.2.9 EMI Shielding and Microwave Absorbing Performance of ICPs/Filler Hybrid-Loaded Polymer Matrix Composites 5059.3 Conclusions 507References 50810 Anticorrosion Coatings Based on Conjugated Polymers 519M. Federica De Riccardis10.1 Introduction 51910.2 Basic Concepts of Corrosion 52210.3 Corrosion Prevention 52410.4 Corrosion Tests 52710.4.1 Immersion Tests 52810.4.2 Cabinet Tests 52910.4.3 Electrochemical Tests 53010.5 Conjugated Polymers as Anticorrosion Layers 53810.6 Conjugated Polymers Nanocomposite as Anticorrosion Layers 55210.7 Conclusions 574References 57511 Conjugated Polymer-Based Composites for Water Purification 581Jiaxing Li, Yongshun Huang, and Dadong Shao11.1 Introduction 58211.2 Adsorption Phenomenon 58311.2.1 Adsorption Isotherms 58411.2.2 Adsorption Kinetics 58811.2.3 Adsorption Thermodynamics 58911.3 PANI-Related Composites in Water Purification 59111.3.1 PANI/Inorganic Composites 59211.3.2 PANI/Organic Composites 59411.4 PPy-Related Composites in Water Purification 60111.4.1 PPy/Inorganic Composites 60111.4.2 PPy/Organic Composites 60211.5 Miscellaneous Conjugated Polymer Composites in Water Purification 60611.6 Conclusion 609Acknowledgment 609References 609Part 4: Sensing and Responsive Materials12 Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites-Based Chemical Sensors 621Pradip Kar, Arup Choudhury, and Sushil Kumar Verma12.1 Introduction 62212.2 Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites as Chemical Receptor 62612.3 General Methods for Preparation of Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposite 63112.3.1 Ex-situ Method 63212.3.2 In-situ Method 64212.4 Influence of Properties of Conjugated Polymer by Interaction with Nano-Filler 64412.5 Fabrication of Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposite Layer/Film for Sensor 64712.5.1 Electrochemical Deposition 64712.5.2 Pellet Preparation 64812.5.3 Dip Coating 64912.5.4 Spin Coating 65112.5.5 Drop Coating 65212.5.6 Film Casting 65312.5.7 Printing 65412.5.8 Other Methods 65512.6 Chemical Sensing Performance of Conjugated Polymer-Based Nanocomposites 65612.6.1 Sensing by Conjugated Polymer/Organic Nanocomposites 65612.6.2 Sensing by Conjugated Polymer/Inorganic Nanocomposites 65812.7 Mechanism of Chemical Sensing by Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposite 67012.7.1 Strong Chemical Interaction with the Conjugated Polymer 67212.7.2 Weak Physical Interaction with the Conjugated Polymer 67412.7.3 Weak Physical Interaction with the Nanomaterial 67712.8 Challenges and Prospects 679References 68113 Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites for Biosensors 687Deepshikha Saini13.1 Introduction 68713.2 Synthesis of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites 69013.2.1 Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 69113.2.2 Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites with Metal Nanoparticles 69413.2.3 Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites with Metal Oxides 69613.2.4 Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites with Metal Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins 69813.2.5 Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites with Biological Materials 70013.2.6 Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites with Graphene 70213.3 Current and Emerging Applications of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites in Biosensors 70613.3.1 Catalytic Biosensors 70713.3.2 Bioaffinity Sensor 71413.4 Conclusions and Outlook 719References 72214 Polyaniline Nanocomposites for Smart Electrorheological Fluid Applications 731Jianbo Yin and Xiaopeng Zhao14.1 Introduction 73114.2 PANI as Filler for ER Fluids 73414.3 Core/Shell-Structured PANI Nanocomposites for ER Fluids 73714.3.1 PANI-Coated Core/Shell-Structured Nanocomposites 73714.3.2 PANI-Encapsulated Core/Shell-Structured Nanocomposites 74314.4 Pani-Intercalated Nanocomposites for ER Fluids 74714.4.1 PANI/Clay Nanocomposites 74714.4.2 PANI/Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites 75014.5 Conclusions 752Acknowledgments 752References 752Index 759