John O. Schorge, MD, Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston and Chief, Gynecologic Oncology, OB/GYN, Massachusetts General Hospital. Robert H Young, MD, Robert E. Scully Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Michael J Birrer, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Marcela del Carmen, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School and Associate Professor, Gynecologic Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital.

• List of Contributors viPreface viiiPart 1 General Principles 11 Molecular Targets in Gynecologic Cancers 3Whitfield Growdon, Rosemary Foster, and Bo Rueda2 Imaging of Rare Gynecologic Tumors 18Hima B. Prabhakar and Dinushi S. Perera3 Pathology Overview of Rare Gynecologic Tumors 35Robert H. YoungPart 2 Rare Ovarian Cancers 514 Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma 53Rachel M. Clark and John O. Schorge5 Mucinous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer 64Marcela G. del Carmen6 Pseudomyxoma Peritonei 70Leslie S. Bradford and Annekathryn Goodman7 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary 81Ryan J. Spencer and Laurel W. Rice8 Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer 94Leslie A. Garrett and Marcela G. del Carmen9 Carcinosarcoma of the Ovary 109J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain and Marcela G. del Carmen10 Malignant Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary 120Marcela G. del Carmen11 Malignant Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Ovary 132Marcela G. del Carmen and Richard T. Penson12 Small Cell and Neuroendocrine Cancers of the Ovary 139Ariel A. Kaphan and Cesar M. Castro13 Carcinoid Tumors of the Ovary 148Michael J. Worley Jr., and Michael G. MutoPart 3 Rare Uterine Cancers 15714 Uterine Carcinosarcoma 159Premal H. Thaker and Don S. Dizon15 Uterine Leiomyosarcoma 167Marcela G. del Carmen16 Mucinous Tumors of the Uterine Corpus 178Rachel M. Clark and Marcela G. del Carmen17 Uterine Clear Cell Carcinoma 186J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, Alexander B. Olawaiye, and David M. Boruta18 Updates on the Management of Uterine Serous Carcinoma 195Amanda Ramos and Amanda Nickles Fader19 Endometrial Stromal Sarcomas 205Kathleen M. Schmeler, J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, and Marcela G. del CarmenPart 4 Rare Cancers of the Cervix, Vulva and Vagina 21720 Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix 219Olivia W. Foley, Leslie S. Bradford, and Marcela G. del Carmen21 Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Vagina and Vulva 228Alexander B. Olawaiye22 Sarcomas of the Vulva and Vagina 236Rachel M. Clark, J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, and Marcela G. del Carmen23 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 245Whitfield GrowdonIndex 260

John O. Schorge, MD, Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston and Chief, Gynecologic Oncology, OB/GYN, Massachusetts General Hospital. Robert H Young, MD, Robert E. Scully Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Michael J Birrer, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Marcela del Carmen, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School and Associate Professor, Gynecologic Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital.

• List of Contributors viPreface viiiPart 1 General Principles 11 Molecular Targets in Gynecologic Cancers 3Whitfield Growdon, Rosemary Foster, and Bo Rueda2 Imaging of Rare Gynecologic Tumors 18Hima B. Prabhakar and Dinushi S. Perera3 Pathology Overview of Rare Gynecologic Tumors 35Robert H. YoungPart 2 Rare Ovarian Cancers 514 Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma 53Rachel M. Clark and John O. Schorge5 Mucinous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer 64Marcela G. del Carmen6 Pseudomyxoma Peritonei 70Leslie S. Bradford and Annekathryn Goodman7 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary 81Ryan J. Spencer and Laurel W. Rice8 Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer 94Leslie A. Garrett and Marcela G. del Carmen9 Carcinosarcoma of the Ovary 109J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain and Marcela G. del Carmen10 Malignant Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary 120Marcela G. del Carmen11 Malignant Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Ovary 132Marcela G. del Carmen and Richard T. Penson12 Small Cell and Neuroendocrine Cancers of the Ovary 139Ariel A. Kaphan and Cesar M. Castro13 Carcinoid Tumors of the Ovary 148Michael J. Worley Jr., and Michael G. MutoPart 3 Rare Uterine Cancers 15714 Uterine Carcinosarcoma 159Premal H. Thaker and Don S. Dizon15 Uterine Leiomyosarcoma 167Marcela G. del Carmen16 Mucinous Tumors of the Uterine Corpus 178Rachel M. Clark and Marcela G. del Carmen17 Uterine Clear Cell Carcinoma 186J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, Alexander B. Olawaiye, and David M. Boruta18 Updates on the Management of Uterine Serous Carcinoma 195Amanda Ramos and Amanda Nickles Fader19 Endometrial Stromal Sarcomas 205Kathleen M. Schmeler, J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, and Marcela G. del CarmenPart 4 Rare Cancers of the Cervix, Vulva and Vagina 21720 Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix 219Olivia W. Foley, Leslie S. Bradford, and Marcela G. del Carmen21 Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Vagina and Vulva 228Alexander B. Olawaiye22 Sarcomas of the Vulva and Vagina 236Rachel M. Clark, J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, and Marcela G. del Carmen23 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 245Whitfield GrowdonIndex 260

John O. Schorge, MD, Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston and Chief, Gynecologic Oncology, OB/GYN, Massachusetts General Hospital. Robert H Young, MD, Robert E. Scully Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Michael J Birrer, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Marcela del Carmen, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School and Associate Professor, Gynecologic Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital.

• List of Contributors viPreface viiiPart 1 General Principles 11 Molecular Targets in Gynecologic Cancers 3Whitfield Growdon, Rosemary Foster, and Bo Rueda2 Imaging of Rare Gynecologic Tumors 18Hima B. Prabhakar and Dinushi S. Perera3 Pathology Overview of Rare Gynecologic Tumors 35Robert H. YoungPart 2 Rare Ovarian Cancers 514 Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma 53Rachel M. Clark and John O. Schorge5 Mucinous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer 64Marcela G. del Carmen6 Pseudomyxoma Peritonei 70Leslie S. Bradford and Annekathryn Goodman7 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary 81Ryan J. Spencer and Laurel W. Rice8 Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer 94Leslie A. Garrett and Marcela G. del Carmen9 Carcinosarcoma of the Ovary 109J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain and Marcela G. del Carmen10 Malignant Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary 120Marcela G. del Carmen11 Malignant Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Ovary 132Marcela G. del Carmen and Richard T. Penson12 Small Cell and Neuroendocrine Cancers of the Ovary 139Ariel A. Kaphan and Cesar M. Castro13 Carcinoid Tumors of the Ovary 148Michael J. Worley Jr., and Michael G. MutoPart 3 Rare Uterine Cancers 15714 Uterine Carcinosarcoma 159Premal H. Thaker and Don S. Dizon15 Uterine Leiomyosarcoma 167Marcela G. del Carmen16 Mucinous Tumors of the Uterine Corpus 178Rachel M. Clark and Marcela G. del Carmen17 Uterine Clear Cell Carcinoma 186J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, Alexander B. Olawaiye, and David M. Boruta18 Updates on the Management of Uterine Serous Carcinoma 195Amanda Ramos and Amanda Nickles Fader19 Endometrial Stromal Sarcomas 205Kathleen M. Schmeler, J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, and Marcela G. del CarmenPart 4 Rare Cancers of the Cervix, Vulva and Vagina 21720 Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix 219Olivia W. Foley, Leslie S. Bradford, and Marcela G. del Carmen21 Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Vagina and Vulva 228Alexander B. Olawaiye22 Sarcomas of the Vulva and Vagina 236Rachel M. Clark, J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, and Marcela G. del Carmen23 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 245Whitfield GrowdonIndex 260