Euclid Seeram, PhD, MSc, BSc, FCAMRT, has academic appointments in Medical Imaging and is Honorary Senior Lecturer in the Department of Radiology of the University of Sydney, Australia. In addition, he is Adjunct Associate Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences at Monash University, Australia; Adjunct Professor in the Faculty of Science, Charles Stuart University, Australia, and Adjunct Associate Professor in the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia.

• Foreword viiiPreface ixAcknowledgements x1 Computed tomography: an overview 22 Major components of a CT scanner 63 How CT scanners work 94 Data acquisition principles 125 X-ray tubes and generator technologies 156 X-ray beam filtration and collimation 187 Essential physics: radiation attenuation 218 Attenuation measurements and CT numbers 249 CT detector technology basics 2710 CT image reconstruction basics 3011 CT image display and storage 3312 CT and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) 3613 CT image postprocessing 3814 Multislice CT – essential principles: part 1 4215 Multislice CT – essential principles: part 2 4616 Image quality: part 1 5017 Image quality: part 2 – spatial resolution 5318 Image quality: part 3 – contrast resolution 5619 Image quality: part 4 – noise 5920 Image quality: part 5 – artifacts 6221 CT dose optimization: part 1 6522 CT dose optimization: part 2 6823 Optimization of radiation protection in CT 7024 CT quality control basics 73Index 76

Euclid Seeram, PhD, MSc, BSc, FCAMRT, has academic appointments in Medical Imaging and is Honorary Senior Lecturer in the Department of Radiology of the University of Sydney, Australia. In addition, he is Adjunct Associate Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences at Monash University, Australia; Adjunct Professor in the Faculty of Science, Charles Stuart University, Australia, and Adjunct Associate Professor in the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia.

• Foreword viiiPreface ixAcknowledgements x1 Computed tomography: an overview 22 Major components of a CT scanner 63 How CT scanners work 94 Data acquisition principles 125 X-ray tubes and generator technologies 156 X-ray beam filtration and collimation 187 Essential physics: radiation attenuation 218 Attenuation measurements and CT numbers 249 CT detector technology basics 2710 CT image reconstruction basics 3011 CT image display and storage 3312 CT and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) 3613 CT image postprocessing 3814 Multislice CT – essential principles: part 1 4215 Multislice CT – essential principles: part 2 4616 Image quality: part 1 5017 Image quality: part 2 – spatial resolution 5318 Image quality: part 3 – contrast resolution 5619 Image quality: part 4 – noise 5920 Image quality: part 5 – artifacts 6221 CT dose optimization: part 1 6522 CT dose optimization: part 2 6823 Optimization of radiation protection in CT 7024 CT quality control basics 73Index 76

Euclid Seeram, PhD, MSc, BSc, FCAMRT, has academic appointments in Medical Imaging and is Honorary Senior Lecturer in the Department of Radiology of the University of Sydney, Australia. In addition, he is Adjunct Associate Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences at Monash University, Australia; Adjunct Professor in the Faculty of Science, Charles Stuart University, Australia, and Adjunct Associate Professor in the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia.

• Foreword viiiPreface ixAcknowledgements x1 Computed tomography: an overview 22 Major components of a CT scanner 63 How CT scanners work 94 Data acquisition principles 125 X-ray tubes and generator technologies 156 X-ray beam filtration and collimation 187 Essential physics: radiation attenuation 218 Attenuation measurements and CT numbers 249 CT detector technology basics 2710 CT image reconstruction basics 3011 CT image display and storage 3312 CT and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) 3613 CT image postprocessing 3814 Multislice CT – essential principles: part 1 4215 Multislice CT – essential principles: part 2 4616 Image quality: part 1 5017 Image quality: part 2 – spatial resolution 5318 Image quality: part 3 – contrast resolution 5619 Image quality: part 4 – noise 5920 Image quality: part 5 – artifacts 6221 CT dose optimization: part 1 6522 CT dose optimization: part 2 6823 Optimization of radiation protection in CT 7024 CT quality control basics 73Index 76