Advanced Energy Materials

Ashutosh Tiwari is an Associate Professor at the Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Linköping University, Sweden; Editor-in-Chief, Advanced Materials Letters; Secretary General, International Association of Advanced Materials; a materials chemist and also a docent in applied physics at Linköping University, Sweden. He has published more than 350 articles, patents, and conference proceedings in the field of materials science and technology and has edited/authored more than fifteen books on the advanced state-of-the-art of materials science. He is a founding member of the Advanced Materials World Congress and the Indian Materials Congress.Sergiy Valyukh is an Associate Professor at the Laboratory of Applied Optics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Sweden. He obtained his PhD from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in the Ukraine. In 2003, Dr. Valyukh was invited by the Swedish LCD Center and Dalarna University to conduct research in the field of applied physics of liquid crystals. In 2008­­–2009, he developed several new electrooptical devices for companies producing displays, based on liquid crystals, and he was nominated by the Swedish Innovation Foundation ALMI in the category “New Developer in Dalarna Business 2009.” In 2012, he became a docent in applied optics at Linköping University.

• Preface xv1 Non-imaging Focusing Heliostat 1Kok-Keong Chong1.1 Introduction 11.2 The Principle of Non-imaging Focusing Heliostat (NIFH) 31.3 Residual Aberration 101.4 Optimization of Flux Distribution Pattern for Wide Range of Incident Angle 291.5 First Prototype of Non-imaging Focusing Heliostat (NIFH) 351.6 Second Prototype of Non-imaging Focusing Heliostat (NIFH) 521.7 Conclusion 642 State-of-the-Art of Nanostructures in Solar Energy Research 69Suresh Sagadevan2.1 Introduction 702.2 Motivations for Solar Energy 712.3 Nanostructures and Different Synthesis Techniques 772.4 Nanomaterials for Solar Cells Applications 812.5 Advanced Nanostructures for Technological Applications 872.6 Theory and Future Trends in Solar Cells 922.7 Conclusion 973 Metal Oxide Semiconductors and Their Nanocomposites Application towards Photovoltaic and Photocatalytic 105Sadia Ameen, M. Shaheer Akhtar, Hyung-Kee Seo and Hyung Shik Shin3.1 Introduction 1063.2 Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Photovoltaic Applications 1083.3 TiO2 Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for the Application of DSSC and Heterostructure Devices 1093.4 ZnO Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for the Application of DSSC and Heterostructure Devices 1213.5 Fabrication of DSSCs with Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorods (NRs) and Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Based Photoanode 1353.6 ZnO Nanocomposite for the Heterostructures Devices 1393.7 Fabrication of Heterostructure Device with Doped ZnO Nanocomposite 1413.8 Metal Oxide Nanostructures and Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Application 1443.9 Conclusions 1573.10 Future Directions 1584 Superionic Solids in Energy Device Applications 167Angesh Chandra and Archana Chandra4.1 Introduction 1674.2 Classifi cation of Superionic Solids 1704.3 Ion Conduction in Superionic Solids 1714.4 Important Models 1734.5 Applications 1994.6 Conclusion 2035 Polymer Nanocomposites: New Advanced Dielectric Materials for Energy Storage Applications 207Vijay Kumar Thakur and Michael R. Kessler5.1 Introduction 2085.2 Dielectric Mechanism 2095.3 Dielectric Materials 2135.4 Demand for New Materials: Polymer Composites 2145.5 Polymer Nanocomposites: Concept and Electrical Properties 2165.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 2456 Solid Electrolytes: Principles and Applications 259S.W. Anwane6.1 Introduction 2606.2 Ionic Solids 2626.3 Classifi cation of Solid Electrolytes 2656.4 Criteria for High Ionic Conductivity and Mobility 2666.5 Electrical Characterization of Solid Electrolyte 2676.6 Ionic Conductivity and Temperature 2716.7 Concentration-Dependent Conductivity 2746.8 Ionic Conductivity in Composite SE 2756.9 Thermodynamics of Electrochemical System 2786.10 Applications 2806.11 SO2 Sensor Kinetics and Thermodynamics 2866.12 Conclusion 2917 Advanced Electronics: Looking beyond Silicon 295Surender Duhan and Vijay Tomer7.1 Introduction 2967.2 Limitations of Silicon-Based Technology 2997.3 Need for Carbon-Based Electronics Technology 3007.4 Carbon Family 3037.5 Electronic Structure of Graphene and CNT 3097.6 Synthesis of CNTs 3117.7 Carbon Nanotube Devices 3137.8 Advantages of CNT-Based Devices 3177.9 Issues with Carbon-Based Electronics 3197.10 Conclusion 3228 Ab-Initio Determination of Pressure-Dependent Electronic and Optical Properties of Lead Sulfi de for Energy Applications 327Pooja B and G. Sharma8.1 Introduction 3278.2 Computational Details 3288.3 Results and Discussion 3298.4 Conclusions 3409 Radiation Damage in GaN-Based Materials and Devices 345S.J. Pearton, Richard Deist, Alexander Y. Polyakov, Fan Ren, Lu Liu and Jihyun Kim9.1 Introduction 3469.2 Fundamental Studies of Radiation Defects in GaN and Related Materials 3479.3 Radiation Effects in Other III-Nitrides 3669.4 Radiation Effects in GaN Schottky Diodes, in AlGaN/GaN and GaN/InGaN Heterojunctions and Quantum Wells 3709.5 Radiation Effects in GaN-Based Devices 3749.6 Prospects of Radiation Technology for GaN 3769.7 Summary and Conclusions 37910 Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals: Smart Materials for Future Displays 389Manoj Bhushan Pandey, Roman Dabrowski and Ravindra Dhar10.1 Introduction 39010.2 Theories of Antiferroelectricity in Liquid Crystals 39810.3 Molecular Structure Design/Synthesis of AFLC Materials 40210.4 Macroscopic Characterization and Physical Properties of AFLCs 40410.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 42511 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Membrane for Fuel Cell Applications 433Tungabidya Maharana, Alekha Kumar Sutar, Nibedita Nath, Anita Routaray, Yuvraj Singh Negi and Bikash Mohanty11.1 Introduction 43411.2 PEEK Overview 44211.3 PEEK as Fuel Cell Membrane 44611.4 Modifi ed PEEK as Fuel Cell Membrane 45211.5 Evaluation of Cell Performance 45911.6 Market Size 45911.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects 46012 Vanadate Phosphors for Energy Effi cient Lighting 465K. N. Shinde and Roshani Singh12.1 Introduction 46512.2 Some Well-Known Vanadate Phosphors 46612.3 Our Approach 46912.4 Experimental Details 46912.5 Results and Discussion of M3-3x/2(VO4)2:xEu (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.09 for M = Ca and 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 for M = Sr,Ba) Phosphors 47012.6 Effect of Annealing Temperature on M3–3x/2(VO4)2:xEu (x = 0.05 for M = Ca, x = 0.1 for M = Sr and x = 0.3 for M = Ba) Phosphors 48412.7 Conclusions 49413 Molecular Computation on Functionalized Solid Substrates 499Prakash Chandra Mondal13.1 Introduction 50013.2 Molecular Logic Gate on 3D Substrates 50413.3 Molecular Logic Gates and Circuits on 2D Substrates 50713.4 Combinatorial and Sequential Logic Gates and Circuits using Os-polypyridyl Complex on SiO× Substrates 51413.5 Multiple Redox States and Logic Devices 52013.6 Concluding Remarks 52314 Ionic Liquid Stabilized Metal NPs and Their Role as Potent Catalyst 529Kamlesh Kumari, Prashant Singh and Gopal K.Mehrotra14.1 Introduction 53014.2 Applications of Metal Nanoparticles 53114.3 Shape of Particles 53214.4 Aggregation of Particles 53314.5 Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles 53314.6 Stability against Oxidation 53414.7 Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid 53514.8 Applications of Metal NPs as Potent Catalyst in Organic Synthesis 54014.9 Conclusion 54415 There's Plenty of Room in the Field of Zeolite-Y Enslaved Nanohybrid Materials as Eco-Friendly Catalysts: Selected Catalytic Reactions 555C.K. Modi and Parthiv M. Trivedi15.1 Introduction 55615.2 Types of Zeolites 55715.3 Methodology 55915.4 Characterization Techniques 56115.5 Exploration of Zeolite-Y Enslaved Nanohybrid Materials 56215.6 Conclusions 576References 579Index 585