Chemical Analysis of Non-antimicrobial Veterinary Drug Residues in Food

Jack F. Kay works in the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. He has actively participated in the Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food for more than ten years. James D. MacNeil retired as head of the Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency in 2007. He is the former scientific editor for "Drugs, Cosmetics, and Forensics" of the Journal of AOAC International. Jian Wang is currently a research scientist leading a research and development unit for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency in Calgary, Alberta. He has written over thirty publications for various journals and books.

• Preface xixList of Contributors xxiAbout the Editors xxv1 Basic Considerations for the Analyst for Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis in Animal Tissues 1James D.MacNeil and Jack F. Kay1.1 Introduction 11.2 Pharmacokinetics 11.3 Metabolism and Distribution 31.4 Choice of Analytical Method 51.5 Importance of Regulatory Limits 71.6 International Obligations for Regulatory Analytical Laboratories 131.7 Conclusions 212 Emerging Techniques in Sample Extraction and Rapid Analysis 27Wendy C. Andersen, Sherri B. Turnipseed, and Jack J. Lohne2.1 Introduction 272.2 Sample Extraction 282.3 Extract Clean-up with Solid-Phase Sorbents 342.4 Micro-extraction Techniques for Solvent and Sorbent Extraction 472.5 Emerging Techniques in Liquid Chromatography 542.6 Direct Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Sample Extracts 572.7 Ion Mobility Spectrometry 662.8 Conclusions 673 Capabilities and Limitations of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS): time-of-flight and Orbitrap 93Anton Kaufmann and Phil Teale3.1 Available Technology 933.2 Capabilities and Limitations of the Technology as Compared to LC-MS/MS (Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer) 1043.3 Analytical Methods for Veterinary Drug Residues 1123.4 Doping Control 1213.5 Accurate Mass MS in Research and Metabolism Studies 1243.6 Designer Drugs and Generic Detection Strategies 1253.7 The Future of Accurate Mass Spectrometry in Residue Analysis 1294 Hormones and β-Agonists 141Leendert A. van Ginkel, Toine Bovee, Marco H. Blokland, Saskia S. Sterk, Nathalie G.E. Smits, Jelka Pleadin and Ana Vulíc4.1 Introduction 1414.2 Advances in Classical Analysis of Exogenous Synthetic Hormones 1434.3 Bio-Based Screening Methods for Steroid Hormones, β-Agonists, and Growth Hormones 1614.4 Natural Hormones 1804.5 Control for Synthetic β-Agonists: Screening and Confirmatory Methods 1995 Analysis of Anthelmintic and Anticoccidial Drug Residues in Animal-Derived Foods 245Sarah Tuck, Ambrose Furey and Martin Danaher5.1 Introduction 2455.2 Chemistry and Mode of Action 2465.3 Legislation 2585.4 Sample Preparation Protocols for Anti-parasitic Agents in Food Matrices 2645.5 LC-MS and GC-MS Detection of Anti-parasitic Agents in Food 2755.6 Conclusions 2926 Sedatives and Tranquilizers 311Vesna Cerkvenik Flajs and James D. MacNeil6.1 Introduction 3116.2 Classification and Representative Compounds 3126.3 Use of Sedatives and Tranquilizers to Prevent Stress Syndrome during the Transport of Pigs to Slaughter 3126.4 Sedatives and Tranquilizers with an Approved Veterinary Use in Food-Producing Animals 3146.5 Sedatives and Tranquilizers without an Approved Veterinary Use in Food-Producing Animals 3256.6 Cocktails 3356.7 Issues of Environmental Contamination 3356.8 Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) 3366.9 Systematic Veterinary Control over Residues and Surveillance Studies 3366.10 Analyte Stability 3396.11 Analytical Methods for Determination of Residues 3406.12 Performance and Validation of the Analytical Methods 3617 The Use of Pyrethroids, Carbamates, Organophosphates, and Other Pesticides in Veterinary Medicine 383Christine Akre7.1 Introduction 3837.2 Veterinary Drug Properties, Structures, and Regulation 3867.3 Toxicology, Pharmacokinetics, and Metabolism 3997.4 Analytical Methods 4037.5 Conclusion 4148 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 427Joe O. Boison, Fernando J. Ramos and Alan Chicoine8.1 Introduction: What Are Pain Killers (Analgesics) and NSAIDs? 4278.2 Veterinary Drug Properties, Structures, and Regulation 4418.3 Pharmacokinetics/Metabolism 4428.4 Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) 4448.5 Maximum Residue Limits/Tolerances 4458.6 Analysis of NSAID Residues in Food 4488.7 Literature Reviews of Analytical Methods for NSAIDs in Biological Samples 4748.8 New Developments in NSAIDs 4758.9 Conclusion 4769 Certain Dyes as Pharmacologically Active Substances in Fish Farming and Other Aquaculture Products 497Eric Verdon and Wendy C. Andersen9.1 Introduction 4979.2 Therapeutic Applications and Chemistry of Certain Dyes Used in Fish Farming 5009.3 Toxicological Issues 5069.4 Regulatory Issues 5099.5 Analytical Methods for Residue Control 5119.6 Recent Trading Issues with Dye Alerts 5269.7 Conclusions 53110 Method Validation and Quality Assurance/Quality Control Approaches for Multi-residue Methods 549Andrew Cannavan, Jack F. Kay and Zora Jandríc10.1 Introduction 54910.2 Sources of Guidance on Method Validation 55010.3 Practical Considerations 55710.4 Examples of Validation Protocols for MRMs 56110.5 Quality Assurance/Quality Control 56510.6 Conclusion 569Index 575