Child and Adolescent Therapy

JEREMY P. SHAPIRO, PHD, is a Clinical Child Psychologist and an Adjunct Faculty Member of the Psychology Department and Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences at Case Western Reserve University.

• Preface: The Therapist’s Challenge xiAcknowledgments xiiiPart I The Tools Of The Therapist1 Therapy Fundamentals 3The Therapeutic Orientation Toward Clients 4Getting Started 8Basic Child Therapy Skills 13Overcoming Obstacles to Client Engagement 25Simple Therapeutic Interventions 33Therapeutic Collaborations 37Termination 39Summary 412 Behavior Therapy 43Learning Theory 44Assessment and Case Formulation 50Change Processes 54Outcome Research 55The Therapist’s Style 58Exposure 59Contingency Contracting 60Relaxation Training 67Social Skills Training 69Summary 733 Cognitive Therapy 75Cognitive Theory 76Assessment and Case Formulation 82Change Processes 86Outcome Research 87The Therapist’s Style 89Self-Monitoring 91Self-Instruction 93Self-Reinforcement 94Socratic Questioning 96Cognitive Restructuring 98Tests of Evidence 100Personal Experiments 103Using Spectra to Develop Moderation 104Summary 1084 Mindfulness-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies 110Mindfulness and Psychotherapy 111What Causes Mental Health Problems? 115Assessment and Case Formulation 117Change Processes 121Outcome Research 124The Therapist’s Style 127Mindfulness Training Exercises 128Implementation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy 132Implementation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy 141Summary 1475 Psychodynamic Therapy 149Psychoanalytic Theory 150Assessment and Case Formulation 161Change Processes 163Outcome Research 168The Therapist’s Style 170Facilitating Expression of Material 171Interpretation and Insight 172Dynamic Psychoeducation 176Corrective Emotional Experience 179Summary 1816 Constructivism: Solution-Focused and Narrative Therapy 184Postmodernism and the Social Construction of Reality 185Assessment and Case Formulation 189Change Processes 192Outcome Research 196The Therapist’s Style 198Solution-Focused Techniques 199Narrative Therapy Techniques 208Summary 2157 Family Systems Therapy 218Systems Theory 219Assessment and Case Formulation 227Change Processes 230Outcome Research 233The Therapist’s Style 234Combining Family and Individual Modalities 235Facilitating Communication 235Systemic Insight 237Reframing 238Treating Enmeshment and Disengagement 242Therapist Directives 243Treating Positive Feedback Loops 245Summary 2508 Atheoretical and Transtheoretical Techniques 253Miscellaneous Techniques 254Parent Counseling 259Balance Between Extremes 261Psychoeducation 265Values in Psychotherapy 272Incorporating Experiences Into New Structures of Meaning 277Overcoming Fear of Failure 288Summary 293Part II The Needs Of Clients9 Cultural Factors in Therapy 297The Role of Culture in Psychotherapy 298Assessment and Case Formulation 307The Therapist’s Style 314Connecting the Cultures of Therapy and Client 315Conflicts Between Client Cultures and the Predominant Culture 318Addressing Prejudice and Discrimination 319Culturally Specific Adaptations of Therapeutic Approaches 320Bringing Spirituality Into Therapy 321Summary 32410 Disruptive Behavior in Children 326Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 327Clinical Presentation and Etiology 327Assessment 332Treatment Planning 333Behavioral-Systemic Parent Training 339Collaborative Problem Solving 352Individual CBT With the Child 355Psychodynamic Therapy 358Summary 35911 Disruptive Behavior in Adolescents 362Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 363Clinical Presentation and Etiology 363Assessment 369Treatment Planning 370Behavioral-Systemic Therapy 374Psychodynamic Therapy 391Parent Counseling 393Summary 39412 Aggression and Violence 396Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 397Clinical Presentation and Etiology 397Assessment 402Treatment Planning 403Addressing Decisions About Fighting 406Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 410Psychodynamic Therapy 426Systems-Oriented Intervention 427Summary 42813 Anxiety 430Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 431Clinical Presentation and Etiology 432Assessment 438Treatment Planning 440Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 443Psychodynamic Therapy 453Parent-Child Work 458Summary 46114 Depression 463Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 464Clinical Presentation and Etiology 465Assessment 471Treatment Planning 472Special Topic: Suicide Risk 476Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 479Psychodynamic Therapy 489Systemic Intervention 493Summary 49415 Stress and Trauma 497Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 498Clinical Presentation and Etiology 498Assessment 504Treatment Planning 506Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 509Coaching Clients in Coping 515Psychodynamic Therapy 518Constructivist Therapy 518Systems-Oriented Intervention 519Therapy for Parental Divorce 520Therapy for Bereavement 522Therapy for Sexual Abuse 525Summary 530Afterword: The Therapist’s Experience 533References 537Author Index 613Subject Index 635