Practical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Board Review Toolkit

Editor-in-Chief: Nicholas J. Talley, MD, PhD, is a nationally and internationally recognized clinical gastroenterologist and researcher with a special interest in neurogastroenterology and gastrointestinal epidemiology. He is Pro Vice-Chancellor (and Professor) and Dean (Health) at the University of Newcastle, Australia, but also holds appointments as Adjunct Professor and Consultant Gastroenterologist at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, US, and Adjunct Professor at University of North Carolina. He was previously Chair of the Department of Medicine at Mayo Clinic Florida. Dr Talley is a previous Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Gastroenterology.

• List of contributors, ix Foreword, xvPreface, xviiAbout the companion website, xviiiSection I: How to Ace the Boards in Gastroenterology and Hepatology1 Introduction and Overview of the Gastroenterology Boards, 3Brooks CashSection II: Esophagus and stomachEditors Kenneth R. DeVault and Nick J. TalleyPart 1: Pathobiology of the Esophagus and Stomach2 Anatomy, Embryology, and Congenital Malformations of the Esophagus and Stomach, 11Lori A. Orlando and Roy C. Orlando3 Esophageal and Gastric Motor Function, 15Kenneth R. DeVault, Ernest P. Bouras, and Nicholas J. TalleyPart 2: Other Diagnostic Modalities4 Radiologic Approach to Diagnosis, 23Stephen W. Trenkner and James E. Huprich5 Esophageal Motility Disorders, 28Magnus Halland and Kenneth R. DeVault6 Gastric Motility Testing, 36Jan TackPart 3: Problem-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis7 General Approach to History-Taking and Physical Examination of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract, 43Evan S. Dellon and Eugene M. Bozymski8 Heartburn, Regurgitation, and Chest Pain, 46Kenneth R. DeVault9 Dysphagia, 52Dawn L. Francis10 Miscellaneous Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms, 56Mohamed Sultan and James H. Lewis11 Dyspepsia, 70Nicholas J. Talley, Kate Napthali, and Kenneth McQuaid12 Nausea and Vomiting, 74John K. DiBaise13 Hematemesis, 79Thomas O.G. Kovacs and Dennis M. JensenPart 4: Diseases of the Esophagus14 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, 85Robert T. Kavitt and Michael F. Vaezi15 Barrett’s Esophagus, 91Shanmugarajah Rajendra and Prateek Sharma16 Eosinophilic Esophagitis, 98Jeffrey A. Alexander17 Strictures, Rings, andWebs, 105Ioannis S. Papanikolaou and Peter D. SiersemaPart 5: Diseases of the Stomach18 Peptic Ulcer Disease, 115Francis K.L. Chan and Nicholas J. Talley19 Helicobacter pylori, 121Barry J. Marshall20 Gastritis, 126Massimo Rugge and David Y. Graham21 Gastroparesis, 132Henry P. Parkman and Nicholas J. Talley22 Non-variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding, 138Thomas J. Savides23 Other Gastric Tumors (Benign and Malignant), 145Sun-Chuan Dai and Michael L. Kochman24 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis, 152Magnus Halland and Nicholas J. Talley25 Esophageal and Gastric Involvement in Systemic and Cutaneous Diseases, 156John M. WoPart 6: Functional Disease of the Esophagus and Stomach26 Functional Esophageal Disorders, 169Ellionore Jarbrink-Sehgal, Kenneth R. DeVault, and Nicholas J. TalleySection III: Intestine and PancreasEditor Michael WallacePart 1: Pathobiology of the Intestine and Pancreas27 Clinical Anatomy, Embryology, and Congenital Anomalies, 177Advitya Malhotra and Joseph H. Sellin28 Small-Intestinal Hormones and Neurotransmitters, 181James Reynolds29 Mucosal Immunology of the Intestine, 187Maneesh Dave and William A. Faubion30 Motor and Sensory Function, 191Vineet S. Gudsoorkar and Eamonn M.M. Quigley31 Neoplasia, 198John M. CarethersPart 2: Problem-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis32 General Approach to Relevant History-Taking and Physical Examination, 203Christopher L. Steele and Suzanne Rose33 Acute Diarrhea, 213John R. Cangemi34 Chronic Diarrhea, 218Lawrence R. Schiller35 Loss of Appetite and Loss ofWeight, 223Angela Vizzini and Jaime Aranda-Michel36 Gastrointestinal Food Allergy and Intolerance, 227Mark T. DeMeo37 Obesity: Presentations and Management Options, 231Andres Acosta, Todd A. Kellogg, and Barham K. Abu Dayyeh38 Hematochezia, 237Lisa L. Strate39 Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding, 241R. Sameer Islam and Shabana F. Pasha40 Constipation, 246Arnold Wald41 Perianal Disease, 251Leyla J. Ghazi and David A. Schwartz42 Fecal Incontinence, 256David Prichard and Adil E. Bharucha43 Colorectal Cancer Screening, 261Katherine S. Garman and Dawn Provenzale44 Endoscopic Palliation of Malignant Obstruction, 266Todd H. BaronPart 3: Diseases of the Small Intestine45 Crohn’s Disease, 273Kara M. De Felice and Sunanda V. Kane46 Small-Bowel Tumors, 279Nadir Arber and Menachem Moshkowitz47 Small-Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, 285Johanna Iturrino and Madhusudan Grover48 Celiac Disease and Tropical Sprue, 291Alberto Rubio-Tapia and Joseph A. Murray49 Whipple’s Disease, 296Seema A. Patil and George T. Fantry50 Short-Bowel Syndrome, 299Alan L. Buchman51 Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy, 304Lauren K. Schwartz and Carol E. Semrad52 Acute Mesenteric Ischemia and Chronic Mesenteric Insufficiency, 308Timothy T. Nostrant53 Intestinal Obstruction and Pseudo-obstruction, 313Magnus Halland and Purna KashyapPart 4: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum54 Ulcerative Colitis, 323Sunanda V. Kane55 Clostridium difficile Infection and Pseudomembranous Colitis, 328Byron P. Vaughn and J. Thomas Lamont56 Colonic Ischemia, 333Timothy T. Nostrant57 Acute Diverticulitis, 338Yuliya Y. Yurko and Tonia M. Young-Fadok58 Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction, 343Michael D. Saunders59 Colonic Polyps and Colorectal Cancer, 349John B. Kisiel, Paul J. Limburg, and Lisa A. Boardman60 Pregnancy and Luminal Gastrointestinal Disease, 357Sumona Saha61 Consequences of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 363Vera P. Luther and P. Samuel PegramPart 5: Diseases of the Pancreas62 Acute Pancreatitis and (Peri)pancreatic Fluid Collections, 371Santhi Swaroop Vege63 Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Pseudocysts, 378Pierre Hindy and Scott Tenner64 Pancreatic Cancer and Cystic Pancreatic Neoplasms, 383William R. BruggePart 6: Functional Diseases of the Small and Large Intestine65 Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 391Elizabeth J. Videlock and Lin Chang66 Chronic Functional Constipation and Dyssynergic Defecation, 400Satish S.C. Rao and Yeong Yeh Lee67 Chronic Functional Abdominal Pain, 407Amy E. Foxx-Orenstein68 Abdominal Bloating and Visible Distension, 412Mark PimentelPart 7: Transplantation69 Gastrointestinal Complications of Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, 419Natasha Chandok and Kymberly D.S. WattSection IV: Liver and Biliary TractEditors Keith Lindor and Bashar A. AqelPart 1: Diagnostic Approaches in Liver Disease70 Approach to History-Taking and Physical Examination in Liver and Biliary Disease, 429David D. Douglas71 Acute Liver Failure, 435Khurram Bari and Robert J. Fontana72 Imaging of the Liver and Bile Ducts: Radiographic and Clinical Assessment of Findings, 442Thomas J. Byrne and Alvin C. Silva73 Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Liver Biopsy and Other Techniques, 450Sumeet K. Asrani and Jayant Talwalkar74 Endoscopic Techniques Used in the Management of Liver and Biliary Tree Disease: ERCP and EUS, 455Toufic Kachaamy and Douglas FaigelPart 2: Diseases of the Liver75 Acute Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, and Other Viruses, 465Iliana Doycheva and Juan F. Gallegos-Orozco76 Chronic Hepatitis B and D, 473Vijayan Balan, Jorge Rakela, and Rebecca Corey77 Hepatitis C, 480Michael Charlton and Travis Dick78 Bacterial and Other Non-viral Infections of the Liver, 487Maria Teresa A. Seville, Roberto L. Patron, Ann McCullough, and Shimon Kusne79 Alcoholic Liver Disease, 498Moira Hilscher and Vijay Shah80 Drug-Induced Liver Injury, 503Einar Björnsson and Naga Chalasani81 Autoimmune Liver Diseases, 508Justin A. Reynolds and Elizabeth J. Carey82 Vascular Diseases of the Liver, 513Brenda Ernst, Pierre Noel, and Bashar A. Aqel83 Metabolic Syndrome andNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, 522Paul Angulo84 Hemochromatosis,Wilson’s Disease, and Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, 530Lisa M. Glass and Rolland C. Dickson85 Hepatic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases, 538Stephen Crane Hauser86 Diseases of the Biliary Tract and Gallbladder, 543Wajeeh Salah and M. Edwyn Harrison87 Portal Hypertension, 554Humberto C. Gonzalez and Patrick S. Kamath88 TIPS, 567Santiago Cornejo and Sailendra Naidu89 Primary Carcinoma of the Liver, 574Renumathy Dhanasekaran, Julie K. Heimbach, and Lewis R. Roberts90 Pregnancy and Liver Disease, 582J. Eileen Hay91 Pediatric Liver Disease, 587Tamir MilohPart 3: Liver Transplantation92 Indications and Selection of Patients for Liver Transplantation, 601Michael D. Leise and Marie A. Laryea93 What Every Hepatologist Should Know about Liver Transplantation, 608Peter S. Yoo and David C. Mulligan94 Immunosuppression Used in Liver Transplantation, 617Rebecca L. Corey and David D. Douglas95 Medical Management of the Liver Transplant Patient, 626William C. Palmer and Denise M. Harnois96 Organ Allocation Policy: Practical Issues and Challenges to the Gastroenterologist, 632Jessica Yu and Pratima Sharma97 Endoscopic Ultrasound, 637Thomas J. SavidesOnline-Only Chapters98 Small-Intestinal UlcerationsReza Y. Akhtar and Blair S. Lewis99 EnteroscopyG. Anton Decker, Jonathan A. Leighton, and Frank J. Lukens100 Esophageal Dilation: An OverviewParth J. Parekh and David A. Johnson101 Advanced Colonoscopy, Polypectomy, and Colonoscopic ImagingFarrah Rahmani and Douglas K. Rex102 Physiology of Weight RegulationLouis Chaptini and Steven PeikinIndex, 641