BRIAN R. EVANS is Department Chair and Associate Professor of Mathematics Education in the School of Education at Pace University in New York. He has authored over twenty-five publications and teaches pedagogical and content courses in mathematics including the history of mathematics. He is also managing editor for the peer reviewed Journal of the National Association for Alternative Certification.

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• Introduction ixPART 1 MATHEMATICS IN AFRICA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 11 ANCIENT CIVILIZATION MATHEMATICS: AFRICA AS OUR BIRTHPLACE 32 ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS: THE TIME OF THE PHARAOHS 73 BABYLONIAN MATHEMATICS: THE MESOPOTAMIAN CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION 174 GREEK MATHEMATICS: THE ARCHAIC PERIOD 255 GREEK MATHEMATICS: THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 376 GREEK MATHEMATICS: THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN/ BYZANTINE PERIODS 45PART 2 MATHEMATICS IN ASIA AND PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICA 597 CHINESE MATHEMATICS: ANCIENT TIMES TO THE MIDDLE AGES 618 INDIAN MATHEMATICS: ANCIENT TIMES TO THE MIDDLE AGES 759 ISLAMIC MATHEMATICS: PRESERVATION,INNOVATION, AND CONNECTION BETWEEN EAST AND WEST 8710 PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICAN MATHEMATICS: THE OLMEC, MAYA, AND INCA CIVILIZATIONS 97PART 3 MATHEMATICS IN EUROPE 10511 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE MIDDLE AGES AND THE RENAISSANCE 10712 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE 17TH CENTURY 12313 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE 18TH CENTURY 14314 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE 19TH CENTURY 157PART 4 MATHEMATICS IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES 17515 EUROPEAN, AMERICAN, AND GLOBAL MATHEMATICS: THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES 17716 EUROPEAN, AMERICAN, AND GLOBAL MATHEMATICS: A SHIFT IN THE 20TH CENTURY 19917 AMERICAN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES 207Resources and Recommended Readings 219Index 221

BRIAN R. EVANS is Department Chair and Associate Professor of Mathematics Education in the School of Education at Pace University in New York. He has authored over twenty-five publications and teaches pedagogical and content courses in mathematics including the history of mathematics. He is also managing editor for the peer reviewed Journal of the National Association for Alternative Certification.

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• Introduction ixPART 1 MATHEMATICS IN AFRICA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 11 ANCIENT CIVILIZATION MATHEMATICS: AFRICA AS OUR BIRTHPLACE 32 ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS: THE TIME OF THE PHARAOHS 73 BABYLONIAN MATHEMATICS: THE MESOPOTAMIAN CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION 174 GREEK MATHEMATICS: THE ARCHAIC PERIOD 255 GREEK MATHEMATICS: THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 376 GREEK MATHEMATICS: THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN/ BYZANTINE PERIODS 45PART 2 MATHEMATICS IN ASIA AND PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICA 597 CHINESE MATHEMATICS: ANCIENT TIMES TO THE MIDDLE AGES 618 INDIAN MATHEMATICS: ANCIENT TIMES TO THE MIDDLE AGES 759 ISLAMIC MATHEMATICS: PRESERVATION,INNOVATION, AND CONNECTION BETWEEN EAST AND WEST 8710 PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICAN MATHEMATICS: THE OLMEC, MAYA, AND INCA CIVILIZATIONS 97PART 3 MATHEMATICS IN EUROPE 10511 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE MIDDLE AGES AND THE RENAISSANCE 10712 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE 17TH CENTURY 12313 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE 18TH CENTURY 14314 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE 19TH CENTURY 157PART 4 MATHEMATICS IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES 17515 EUROPEAN, AMERICAN, AND GLOBAL MATHEMATICS: THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES 17716 EUROPEAN, AMERICAN, AND GLOBAL MATHEMATICS: A SHIFT IN THE 20TH CENTURY 19917 AMERICAN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES 207Resources and Recommended Readings 219Index 221

BRIAN R. EVANS is Department Chair and Associate Professor of Mathematics Education in the School of Education at Pace University in New York. He has authored over twenty-five publications and teaches pedagogical and content courses in mathematics including the history of mathematics. He is also managing editor for the peer reviewed Journal of the National Association for Alternative Certification.

Select Guide Rating

• Introduction ixPART 1 MATHEMATICS IN AFRICA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 11 ANCIENT CIVILIZATION MATHEMATICS: AFRICA AS OUR BIRTHPLACE 32 ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS: THE TIME OF THE PHARAOHS 73 BABYLONIAN MATHEMATICS: THE MESOPOTAMIAN CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION 174 GREEK MATHEMATICS: THE ARCHAIC PERIOD 255 GREEK MATHEMATICS: THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 376 GREEK MATHEMATICS: THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN/ BYZANTINE PERIODS 45PART 2 MATHEMATICS IN ASIA AND PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICA 597 CHINESE MATHEMATICS: ANCIENT TIMES TO THE MIDDLE AGES 618 INDIAN MATHEMATICS: ANCIENT TIMES TO THE MIDDLE AGES 759 ISLAMIC MATHEMATICS: PRESERVATION,INNOVATION, AND CONNECTION BETWEEN EAST AND WEST 8710 PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICAN MATHEMATICS: THE OLMEC, MAYA, AND INCA CIVILIZATIONS 97PART 3 MATHEMATICS IN EUROPE 10511 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE MIDDLE AGES AND THE RENAISSANCE 10712 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE 17TH CENTURY 12313 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE 18TH CENTURY 14314 EUROPEAN MATHEMATICS: THE 19TH CENTURY 157PART 4 MATHEMATICS IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES 17515 EUROPEAN, AMERICAN, AND GLOBAL MATHEMATICS: THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES 17716 EUROPEAN, AMERICAN, AND GLOBAL MATHEMATICS: A SHIFT IN THE 20TH CENTURY 19917 AMERICAN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES 207Resources and Recommended Readings 219Index 221