Hisamatsu Nakano is Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics, Science and Engineering at Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. Professor Nakano received the 2010 Prize for Science and Technology from Japan's Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, and is the holder of 78 patents, author of over 300 papers, and a Life Fellow of the IEEE.

• Preface xi Acknowledgments xvPart I Introduction 11. Categorization of Natural Materials and Metamaterials 31.1 Natural and Metamaterial Antennas Discussed in This Book 31.2 Some Antenna Examples 6References 82. Integral Equations and Method of Moments 112.1 Basic Antenna Characteristics 112.2 Integral Equation on a Straight-Wire Antenna 152.3 Method of Moments 162.4 Integral Equation for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna in Free Space 192.5 Point-Matching Technique 222.6 Integral Equation N1 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna: Closed Kernel Expression 232.7 Integral Equations N2 and N3 for an Antenna System Composed of an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire and an  Arbitrarily Shaped Aperture and Their MoM Transformation 272.8 Integral Equation N4 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna on a Dielectric Substrate Backed by a Conducting Plane and Its MoM Transformation 342.9 Integral Equation N5 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna on a Dielectric Half-Space and Its Transformation Using a Finite-Difference Technique 41References 463. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods (FDTDMs) 493.1 Basis 493.2 LOD–FDTD Method 52References 57Part II Low-Profile Natural Antennas 59Part II-1 Base Station Antennas 614. Inverted-F Antennas 634.1 Inverted-F Antenna with a Single Parasitic Inverted-L Element 634.2 Inverted-F Antenna with a Pair of Parasitic Inverted-L Elements 67References 735. Multiloop Antennas 755.1 Discrete Multiloop (ML) Antennas 755.2 Modified Multiloop Antennas 785.3 Plate-Loop (PL) Antenna 82References 836. Fan-Shaped Antenna 856.1 Wideband Input Impedance 856.2 Characteristics of The Fan-Shaped Antenna 866.3 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna (X-Fan Antenna) 876.4 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna Surrounded By a Wire (X-Fan-W) 896.5 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna with Slots (X-Fan-S) 92References 937. BOR–SPR Antenna 957.1 Configuration 957.2 Antenna Input Characteristics of Initial Patch, Patch-Slot, and PSP Antennas 977.3 Replacement of The Patch Island with a Conducting Body of Revolution (BOR) 99References 103Part II-2 Card Antennas for Mobile Equipment 1058. Inverted LFL Antenna for Dual-Band Operation 1078.1 Configuration 1078.2 Design 107References 1149. Fan-Shaped Card Antenna 1179.1 Configuration 1179.2 Antenna Characteristics 118References 12310. Planar Monopole Card Antenna 12510.1 Ant-1 and Ant-2 12510.2 Ant-3 and Ant-4 127References 131Part II-3 Beam forming Antennas 13311. Inverted-F Antenna Above an Electromagnetic Band-Gap Reflector 13511.1 Inverted-F Array with an EBG Reflector (EBG-InvF Array) 13511.2 Antenna Characteristics 136References 14012. Reconfigurable Bent Two-Leaf and Four-Leaf Antennas 14312.1 BeToL Antenna 14312.2 BeFoL Antenna 153References 16013. Patch Antenna with a Nonuniform Loop Plate 16313.1 Antenna System 16313.2 Reference Gain and Broadside Radiation—Placement of a Homogeneneous PerioAEs Plate 16613.3 Gradation Constant and Tilted Radiation Beam—Placement of a Nonhomogeneous PerioAEs Plate 16813.4 Gain 170References 17314. Linearly Polarized Rhombic Grid Array Antenna 17514.1 Configuration 17514.2 Radiation Pattern and Gain 17714.3 VSWR Characteristic 183References 18315. Circularly Polarized Grid Array Antenna 18515.1 Configuration of a Prototype Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 18515.2 Radiation Characteristics of The Prototype Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 18815.3 Configuration of an Advanced Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 19115.4 Radiation Characteristics of The Advanced Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 192References 198Part II-4 Earth–Satellite and Satellite–Satellite Communications Antennas 19916. Monofilar Spiral Antenna Array 20116.1 Tilted-Beam Monofilar Spiral Antenna 20116.2 Tilted CP Fan Beam 206References 20917. Low-Profile Helical Antenna Array 21117.1 Array Element 21117.2 Array Antenna 21317.3 Application Examples 219References 22118. Curl Antennas 22318.1 High-Gain Normal-Beam Array Antenna Composed of Internal-Excitation Curl Elements 22318.2 High-Gain Tilted-Beam Array Antenna Composed of External-Excitation Curl Elements 229References 236Part III Low-Profile Metamaterial Antennas 23719. Metaline Antenna 23919.1 Unit Cell 23919.2 Natural Characteristic Impedance ZNTR, Bloch Impedance ZB, and Phase Constant β 24019.3 Two-Metaline Antennas 243References 24620. Metaloop Antenna for Linearly Polarized Radiation 24720.1 Metaloop Configuration 24720.2 Single- and Dual-Peak Beams 249References 25321. Circularly Polarized Metaloop Antenna 25521.1 Configuration 25521.2 Counter-CP Radiation 255References 26022. Metaspiral Antenna 26122.1 Circularly Polarized Radiation 26122.2 Linearly Polarized Radiation 266References 27123. Metahelical Antennas 27323.1 Round Metahelical Antenna 27323.2 Rectangular Metahelical Antenna 276References 282Index 283

Hisamatsu Nakano is Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics, Science and Engineering at Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. Professor Nakano received the 2010 Prize for Science and Technology from Japan's Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, and is the holder of 78 patents, author of over 300 papers, and a Life Fellow of the IEEE.

• Preface xi Acknowledgments xvPart I Introduction 11. Categorization of Natural Materials and Metamaterials 31.1 Natural and Metamaterial Antennas Discussed in This Book 31.2 Some Antenna Examples 6References 82. Integral Equations and Method of Moments 112.1 Basic Antenna Characteristics 112.2 Integral Equation on a Straight-Wire Antenna 152.3 Method of Moments 162.4 Integral Equation for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna in Free Space 192.5 Point-Matching Technique 222.6 Integral Equation N1 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna: Closed Kernel Expression 232.7 Integral Equations N2 and N3 for an Antenna System Composed of an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire and an  Arbitrarily Shaped Aperture and Their MoM Transformation 272.8 Integral Equation N4 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna on a Dielectric Substrate Backed by a Conducting Plane and Its MoM Transformation 342.9 Integral Equation N5 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna on a Dielectric Half-Space and Its Transformation Using a Finite-Difference Technique 41References 463. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods (FDTDMs) 493.1 Basis 493.2 LOD–FDTD Method 52References 57Part II Low-Profile Natural Antennas 59Part II-1 Base Station Antennas 614. Inverted-F Antennas 634.1 Inverted-F Antenna with a Single Parasitic Inverted-L Element 634.2 Inverted-F Antenna with a Pair of Parasitic Inverted-L Elements 67References 735. Multiloop Antennas 755.1 Discrete Multiloop (ML) Antennas 755.2 Modified Multiloop Antennas 785.3 Plate-Loop (PL) Antenna 82References 836. Fan-Shaped Antenna 856.1 Wideband Input Impedance 856.2 Characteristics of The Fan-Shaped Antenna 866.3 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna (X-Fan Antenna) 876.4 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna Surrounded By a Wire (X-Fan-W) 896.5 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna with Slots (X-Fan-S) 92References 937. BOR–SPR Antenna 957.1 Configuration 957.2 Antenna Input Characteristics of Initial Patch, Patch-Slot, and PSP Antennas 977.3 Replacement of The Patch Island with a Conducting Body of Revolution (BOR) 99References 103Part II-2 Card Antennas for Mobile Equipment 1058. Inverted LFL Antenna for Dual-Band Operation 1078.1 Configuration 1078.2 Design 107References 1149. Fan-Shaped Card Antenna 1179.1 Configuration 1179.2 Antenna Characteristics 118References 12310. Planar Monopole Card Antenna 12510.1 Ant-1 and Ant-2 12510.2 Ant-3 and Ant-4 127References 131Part II-3 Beam forming Antennas 13311. Inverted-F Antenna Above an Electromagnetic Band-Gap Reflector 13511.1 Inverted-F Array with an EBG Reflector (EBG-InvF Array) 13511.2 Antenna Characteristics 136References 14012. Reconfigurable Bent Two-Leaf and Four-Leaf Antennas 14312.1 BeToL Antenna 14312.2 BeFoL Antenna 153References 16013. Patch Antenna with a Nonuniform Loop Plate 16313.1 Antenna System 16313.2 Reference Gain and Broadside Radiation—Placement of a Homogeneneous PerioAEs Plate 16613.3 Gradation Constant and Tilted Radiation Beam—Placement of a Nonhomogeneous PerioAEs Plate 16813.4 Gain 170References 17314. Linearly Polarized Rhombic Grid Array Antenna 17514.1 Configuration 17514.2 Radiation Pattern and Gain 17714.3 VSWR Characteristic 183References 18315. Circularly Polarized Grid Array Antenna 18515.1 Configuration of a Prototype Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 18515.2 Radiation Characteristics of The Prototype Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 18815.3 Configuration of an Advanced Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 19115.4 Radiation Characteristics of The Advanced Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 192References 198Part II-4 Earth–Satellite and Satellite–Satellite Communications Antennas 19916. Monofilar Spiral Antenna Array 20116.1 Tilted-Beam Monofilar Spiral Antenna 20116.2 Tilted CP Fan Beam 206References 20917. Low-Profile Helical Antenna Array 21117.1 Array Element 21117.2 Array Antenna 21317.3 Application Examples 219References 22118. Curl Antennas 22318.1 High-Gain Normal-Beam Array Antenna Composed of Internal-Excitation Curl Elements 22318.2 High-Gain Tilted-Beam Array Antenna Composed of External-Excitation Curl Elements 229References 236Part III Low-Profile Metamaterial Antennas 23719. Metaline Antenna 23919.1 Unit Cell 23919.2 Natural Characteristic Impedance ZNTR, Bloch Impedance ZB, and Phase Constant β 24019.3 Two-Metaline Antennas 243References 24620. Metaloop Antenna for Linearly Polarized Radiation 24720.1 Metaloop Configuration 24720.2 Single- and Dual-Peak Beams 249References 25321. Circularly Polarized Metaloop Antenna 25521.1 Configuration 25521.2 Counter-CP Radiation 255References 26022. Metaspiral Antenna 26122.1 Circularly Polarized Radiation 26122.2 Linearly Polarized Radiation 266References 27123. Metahelical Antennas 27323.1 Round Metahelical Antenna 27323.2 Rectangular Metahelical Antenna 276References 282Index 283

Hisamatsu Nakano is Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics, Science and Engineering at Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. Professor Nakano received the 2010 Prize for Science and Technology from Japan's Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, and is the holder of 78 patents, author of over 300 papers, and a Life Fellow of the IEEE.

• Preface xi Acknowledgments xvPart I Introduction 11. Categorization of Natural Materials and Metamaterials 31.1 Natural and Metamaterial Antennas Discussed in This Book 31.2 Some Antenna Examples 6References 82. Integral Equations and Method of Moments 112.1 Basic Antenna Characteristics 112.2 Integral Equation on a Straight-Wire Antenna 152.3 Method of Moments 162.4 Integral Equation for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna in Free Space 192.5 Point-Matching Technique 222.6 Integral Equation N1 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna: Closed Kernel Expression 232.7 Integral Equations N2 and N3 for an Antenna System Composed of an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire and an  Arbitrarily Shaped Aperture and Their MoM Transformation 272.8 Integral Equation N4 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna on a Dielectric Substrate Backed by a Conducting Plane and Its MoM Transformation 342.9 Integral Equation N5 for an Arbitrarily Shaped Wire Antenna on a Dielectric Half-Space and Its Transformation Using a Finite-Difference Technique 41References 463. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods (FDTDMs) 493.1 Basis 493.2 LOD–FDTD Method 52References 57Part II Low-Profile Natural Antennas 59Part II-1 Base Station Antennas 614. Inverted-F Antennas 634.1 Inverted-F Antenna with a Single Parasitic Inverted-L Element 634.2 Inverted-F Antenna with a Pair of Parasitic Inverted-L Elements 67References 735. Multiloop Antennas 755.1 Discrete Multiloop (ML) Antennas 755.2 Modified Multiloop Antennas 785.3 Plate-Loop (PL) Antenna 82References 836. Fan-Shaped Antenna 856.1 Wideband Input Impedance 856.2 Characteristics of The Fan-Shaped Antenna 866.3 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna (X-Fan Antenna) 876.4 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna Surrounded By a Wire (X-Fan-W) 896.5 Cross Fan-Shaped Antenna with Slots (X-Fan-S) 92References 937. BOR–SPR Antenna 957.1 Configuration 957.2 Antenna Input Characteristics of Initial Patch, Patch-Slot, and PSP Antennas 977.3 Replacement of The Patch Island with a Conducting Body of Revolution (BOR) 99References 103Part II-2 Card Antennas for Mobile Equipment 1058. Inverted LFL Antenna for Dual-Band Operation 1078.1 Configuration 1078.2 Design 107References 1149. Fan-Shaped Card Antenna 1179.1 Configuration 1179.2 Antenna Characteristics 118References 12310. Planar Monopole Card Antenna 12510.1 Ant-1 and Ant-2 12510.2 Ant-3 and Ant-4 127References 131Part II-3 Beam forming Antennas 13311. Inverted-F Antenna Above an Electromagnetic Band-Gap Reflector 13511.1 Inverted-F Array with an EBG Reflector (EBG-InvF Array) 13511.2 Antenna Characteristics 136References 14012. Reconfigurable Bent Two-Leaf and Four-Leaf Antennas 14312.1 BeToL Antenna 14312.2 BeFoL Antenna 153References 16013. Patch Antenna with a Nonuniform Loop Plate 16313.1 Antenna System 16313.2 Reference Gain and Broadside Radiation—Placement of a Homogeneneous PerioAEs Plate 16613.3 Gradation Constant and Tilted Radiation Beam—Placement of a Nonhomogeneous PerioAEs Plate 16813.4 Gain 170References 17314. Linearly Polarized Rhombic Grid Array Antenna 17514.1 Configuration 17514.2 Radiation Pattern and Gain 17714.3 VSWR Characteristic 183References 18315. Circularly Polarized Grid Array Antenna 18515.1 Configuration of a Prototype Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 18515.2 Radiation Characteristics of The Prototype Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 18815.3 Configuration of an Advanced Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 19115.4 Radiation Characteristics of The Advanced Loop-Based CP GAAEDG 192References 198Part II-4 Earth–Satellite and Satellite–Satellite Communications Antennas 19916. Monofilar Spiral Antenna Array 20116.1 Tilted-Beam Monofilar Spiral Antenna 20116.2 Tilted CP Fan Beam 206References 20917. Low-Profile Helical Antenna Array 21117.1 Array Element 21117.2 Array Antenna 21317.3 Application Examples 219References 22118. Curl Antennas 22318.1 High-Gain Normal-Beam Array Antenna Composed of Internal-Excitation Curl Elements 22318.2 High-Gain Tilted-Beam Array Antenna Composed of External-Excitation Curl Elements 229References 236Part III Low-Profile Metamaterial Antennas 23719. Metaline Antenna 23919.1 Unit Cell 23919.2 Natural Characteristic Impedance ZNTR, Bloch Impedance ZB, and Phase Constant β 24019.3 Two-Metaline Antennas 243References 24620. Metaloop Antenna for Linearly Polarized Radiation 24720.1 Metaloop Configuration 24720.2 Single- and Dual-Peak Beams 249References 25321. Circularly Polarized Metaloop Antenna 25521.1 Configuration 25521.2 Counter-CP Radiation 255References 26022. Metaspiral Antenna 26122.1 Circularly Polarized Radiation 26122.2 Linearly Polarized Radiation 266References 27123. Metahelical Antennas 27323.1 Round Metahelical Antenna 27323.2 Rectangular Metahelical Antenna 276References 282Index 283