Gary S. Stein, PhD, is the Director of the University of Vermont Cancer Center and the Perelman Professor and Chair of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine. He is a Professor of Surgery and the Co-Director of the Northern New England Clinical and Translational Research Network. Kimberly P. Luebbers, MSHS, RN, BSN, OCN, is the Assistant Dean for Clinical Research Administration overseeing the Office of Clinical Trials Research and administration of the Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine.

Select Guide Rating

• List of Contributors ixPreface xvPart I: Cancer and the Cancer Experience 11 Cancer and the Cancer Experience 3Gary S. Stein and Kimberly P. LuebbersPart II: Current Understanding of Cancer Biology 132 Cancer Biology and Pathology 15G. Premveer Reddy, Lekkala V. Reddy, and Sahn‐Ho Kim3 Causes of Cancer: Genetic, Epigenetic, Viral, Microenvironmental, and Environmental Contributions to Cancer 53Michaela ReaganPart III: A Cancer Diagnosis 754 Early Warning Signs 77Solomon A. Graf and F. Marc Stewart5 Importance of Imaging for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer 89Kristin DeStigter, Sally Herschorn, Anant Bhave, Benjamin Lange, and Sean Reynolds6 Cancer Biomarkers 107Robert H. Getzenberg7 Molecular Diagnosis 123Mark F. EvansPart IV: Navigating the Cancer Experience 1458 Navigating the Cancer Experience 147David C. NalepinskiPart V: Clinical Dimensions to Cancer 1679 Classification of Tumors, Their Frequency and Progression 169Richard C. Zieren, Liang Dong, Sarah R. Amend, and Kenneth J. Pienta10 Cancer Epidemiology: Identifying Cancer Risk 213Bernard F. Cole, Brian L. Sprague, Thomas P. Ahern, and Judy R. ReesPart VI: Tumor Types 22711 Breast Cancer: Unique Characteristics as Targets for Therapy 229Ogheneruona Apoe, Ted James, Gabriella Szalayova, Amrita Pandit, and Marie E. Wood12 Prostate Cancer 245David W. Sobel and Mark K. Plante13 Gastrointestinal Cancer 259Kristina Guyton, Baddr Shakhsheer, and Neil Hyman14 Lung Cancer 271Farrah B. Khan, C. Matthew Kinsey, and Garth Garrison15 Pediatric Oncology 285Jessica L. Heath16 Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Myeloma 299Alan Rosmarin17 GU Oncology: Kidney, Urothelial, and Penile Cancer 317Scott Perrapato18 Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma 327Jennifer LaFemina, Bradley Switzer, and Giles F. Whalen19 GYN Oncology: Unique Characteristic Targets for Therapy in Gynecologic Cancers 345Celeste Straight, Leslie Bradford, and Susan Zweizig20 Testicular Cancer 365Christopher B. Allard and Michael L. Blute21 Head and Neck Cancer 379Kumar G. Prasad, Marion Couch, and Michael Moore22 Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors 395Lawrence Recht23 Thyroid Cancer 415Frances E. CarrPart VII: Treatment Options 44524 Radiation Therapy 447Thomas J. FitzGerald, Maryann Bishop‐Jodoin, Fran Laurie, Christopher Riberdy, Jesse N. Aronowitz, Elizabeth Bannon, Bruce A. Bornstein, Carla D. Bradford, Harry Bushe, Maria G. Cicchetti, Linda Ding, Jonathan M. Glanzman, David J. Goff, Beth B. Herrick, Jessica R. Hiatt, I‐Lin Kuo, Yuan‐Chyuan Lo, Janaki Moni, Richard S. Pieters, Paul S. Rava, Allison Sacher, Jonathan Saleeby, Shirin Sioshansi, Kenneth Ulin, John M. Varlotto, and Tao Wang25 Radiation Therapy – The Patient Experience 463Harold James Wallace, III26 Pain Management in Cancer 481Carlos A. Pino27 Complementary and Alternative Medicine 499Phil Trabulsy28 Gene Therapy 531Mai K. ElMallah, Michael Kalfopolous, and Terence R. FlottePart VIII: Patient Resources 55329 Cancer‐Center‐Based Care 555George J. Weiner30 Supportive Care 563Kathleen McBeth31 Investigating Cancer Sentiments across Social Media 573Eric M. Clark, W. Christian Crannell, Jesse Moore, Ted James, Mitchell Norotsky, and Chris A. JonesPart IX: The Path to Reducing the Cancer Burden: Prevention, Early Detection, Recovery, Survivorship 59132 Cancer Genetics: Risk Assessment 593Wendy McKinnon33 Cancer Prevention: Diet, Nutrition, and Lifestyle 603Jennifer L. May and Jean R. Harvey34 Cancer Survivorship 617David Cranmer35 The Tools of Advocacy in Cancer Prevention, Early Detection, Recovery, and Treatment 621Jill Sudhoff‐GuerinIndex 637

Gary S. Stein, PhD, is the Director of the University of Vermont Cancer Center and the Perelman Professor and Chair of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine. He is a Professor of Surgery and the Co-Director of the Northern New England Clinical and Translational Research Network. Kimberly P. Luebbers, MSHS, RN, BSN, OCN, is the Assistant Dean for Clinical Research Administration overseeing the Office of Clinical Trials Research and administration of the Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine.

Select Guide Rating

• List of Contributors ixPreface xvPart I: Cancer and the Cancer Experience 11 Cancer and the Cancer Experience 3Gary S. Stein and Kimberly P. LuebbersPart II: Current Understanding of Cancer Biology 132 Cancer Biology and Pathology 15G. Premveer Reddy, Lekkala V. Reddy, and Sahn‐Ho Kim3 Causes of Cancer: Genetic, Epigenetic, Viral, Microenvironmental, and Environmental Contributions to Cancer 53Michaela ReaganPart III: A Cancer Diagnosis 754 Early Warning Signs 77Solomon A. Graf and F. Marc Stewart5 Importance of Imaging for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer 89Kristin DeStigter, Sally Herschorn, Anant Bhave, Benjamin Lange, and Sean Reynolds6 Cancer Biomarkers 107Robert H. Getzenberg7 Molecular Diagnosis 123Mark F. EvansPart IV: Navigating the Cancer Experience 1458 Navigating the Cancer Experience 147David C. NalepinskiPart V: Clinical Dimensions to Cancer 1679 Classification of Tumors, Their Frequency and Progression 169Richard C. Zieren, Liang Dong, Sarah R. Amend, and Kenneth J. Pienta10 Cancer Epidemiology: Identifying Cancer Risk 213Bernard F. Cole, Brian L. Sprague, Thomas P. Ahern, and Judy R. ReesPart VI: Tumor Types 22711 Breast Cancer: Unique Characteristics as Targets for Therapy 229Ogheneruona Apoe, Ted James, Gabriella Szalayova, Amrita Pandit, and Marie E. Wood12 Prostate Cancer 245David W. Sobel and Mark K. Plante13 Gastrointestinal Cancer 259Kristina Guyton, Baddr Shakhsheer, and Neil Hyman14 Lung Cancer 271Farrah B. Khan, C. Matthew Kinsey, and Garth Garrison15 Pediatric Oncology 285Jessica L. Heath16 Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Myeloma 299Alan Rosmarin17 GU Oncology: Kidney, Urothelial, and Penile Cancer 317Scott Perrapato18 Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma 327Jennifer LaFemina, Bradley Switzer, and Giles F. Whalen19 GYN Oncology: Unique Characteristic Targets for Therapy in Gynecologic Cancers 345Celeste Straight, Leslie Bradford, and Susan Zweizig20 Testicular Cancer 365Christopher B. Allard and Michael L. Blute21 Head and Neck Cancer 379Kumar G. Prasad, Marion Couch, and Michael Moore22 Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors 395Lawrence Recht23 Thyroid Cancer 415Frances E. CarrPart VII: Treatment Options 44524 Radiation Therapy 447Thomas J. FitzGerald, Maryann Bishop‐Jodoin, Fran Laurie, Christopher Riberdy, Jesse N. Aronowitz, Elizabeth Bannon, Bruce A. Bornstein, Carla D. Bradford, Harry Bushe, Maria G. Cicchetti, Linda Ding, Jonathan M. Glanzman, David J. Goff, Beth B. Herrick, Jessica R. Hiatt, I‐Lin Kuo, Yuan‐Chyuan Lo, Janaki Moni, Richard S. Pieters, Paul S. Rava, Allison Sacher, Jonathan Saleeby, Shirin Sioshansi, Kenneth Ulin, John M. Varlotto, and Tao Wang25 Radiation Therapy – The Patient Experience 463Harold James Wallace, III26 Pain Management in Cancer 481Carlos A. Pino27 Complementary and Alternative Medicine 499Phil Trabulsy28 Gene Therapy 531Mai K. ElMallah, Michael Kalfopolous, and Terence R. FlottePart VIII: Patient Resources 55329 Cancer‐Center‐Based Care 555George J. Weiner30 Supportive Care 563Kathleen McBeth31 Investigating Cancer Sentiments across Social Media 573Eric M. Clark, W. Christian Crannell, Jesse Moore, Ted James, Mitchell Norotsky, and Chris A. JonesPart IX: The Path to Reducing the Cancer Burden: Prevention, Early Detection, Recovery, Survivorship 59132 Cancer Genetics: Risk Assessment 593Wendy McKinnon33 Cancer Prevention: Diet, Nutrition, and Lifestyle 603Jennifer L. May and Jean R. Harvey34 Cancer Survivorship 617David Cranmer35 The Tools of Advocacy in Cancer Prevention, Early Detection, Recovery, and Treatment 621Jill Sudhoff‐GuerinIndex 637

Gary S. Stein, PhD, is the Director of the University of Vermont Cancer Center and the Perelman Professor and Chair of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine. He is a Professor of Surgery and the Co-Director of the Northern New England Clinical and Translational Research Network. Kimberly P. Luebbers, MSHS, RN, BSN, OCN, is the Assistant Dean for Clinical Research Administration overseeing the Office of Clinical Trials Research and administration of the Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine.

Select Guide Rating

• List of Contributors ixPreface xvPart I: Cancer and the Cancer Experience 11 Cancer and the Cancer Experience 3Gary S. Stein and Kimberly P. LuebbersPart II: Current Understanding of Cancer Biology 132 Cancer Biology and Pathology 15G. Premveer Reddy, Lekkala V. Reddy, and Sahn‐Ho Kim3 Causes of Cancer: Genetic, Epigenetic, Viral, Microenvironmental, and Environmental Contributions to Cancer 53Michaela ReaganPart III: A Cancer Diagnosis 754 Early Warning Signs 77Solomon A. Graf and F. Marc Stewart5 Importance of Imaging for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer 89Kristin DeStigter, Sally Herschorn, Anant Bhave, Benjamin Lange, and Sean Reynolds6 Cancer Biomarkers 107Robert H. Getzenberg7 Molecular Diagnosis 123Mark F. EvansPart IV: Navigating the Cancer Experience 1458 Navigating the Cancer Experience 147David C. NalepinskiPart V: Clinical Dimensions to Cancer 1679 Classification of Tumors, Their Frequency and Progression 169Richard C. Zieren, Liang Dong, Sarah R. Amend, and Kenneth J. Pienta10 Cancer Epidemiology: Identifying Cancer Risk 213Bernard F. Cole, Brian L. Sprague, Thomas P. Ahern, and Judy R. ReesPart VI: Tumor Types 22711 Breast Cancer: Unique Characteristics as Targets for Therapy 229Ogheneruona Apoe, Ted James, Gabriella Szalayova, Amrita Pandit, and Marie E. Wood12 Prostate Cancer 245David W. Sobel and Mark K. Plante13 Gastrointestinal Cancer 259Kristina Guyton, Baddr Shakhsheer, and Neil Hyman14 Lung Cancer 271Farrah B. Khan, C. Matthew Kinsey, and Garth Garrison15 Pediatric Oncology 285Jessica L. Heath16 Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Myeloma 299Alan Rosmarin17 GU Oncology: Kidney, Urothelial, and Penile Cancer 317Scott Perrapato18 Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma 327Jennifer LaFemina, Bradley Switzer, and Giles F. Whalen19 GYN Oncology: Unique Characteristic Targets for Therapy in Gynecologic Cancers 345Celeste Straight, Leslie Bradford, and Susan Zweizig20 Testicular Cancer 365Christopher B. Allard and Michael L. Blute21 Head and Neck Cancer 379Kumar G. Prasad, Marion Couch, and Michael Moore22 Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors 395Lawrence Recht23 Thyroid Cancer 415Frances E. CarrPart VII: Treatment Options 44524 Radiation Therapy 447Thomas J. FitzGerald, Maryann Bishop‐Jodoin, Fran Laurie, Christopher Riberdy, Jesse N. Aronowitz, Elizabeth Bannon, Bruce A. Bornstein, Carla D. Bradford, Harry Bushe, Maria G. Cicchetti, Linda Ding, Jonathan M. Glanzman, David J. Goff, Beth B. Herrick, Jessica R. Hiatt, I‐Lin Kuo, Yuan‐Chyuan Lo, Janaki Moni, Richard S. Pieters, Paul S. Rava, Allison Sacher, Jonathan Saleeby, Shirin Sioshansi, Kenneth Ulin, John M. Varlotto, and Tao Wang25 Radiation Therapy – The Patient Experience 463Harold James Wallace, III26 Pain Management in Cancer 481Carlos A. Pino27 Complementary and Alternative Medicine 499Phil Trabulsy28 Gene Therapy 531Mai K. ElMallah, Michael Kalfopolous, and Terence R. FlottePart VIII: Patient Resources 55329 Cancer‐Center‐Based Care 555George J. Weiner30 Supportive Care 563Kathleen McBeth31 Investigating Cancer Sentiments across Social Media 573Eric M. Clark, W. Christian Crannell, Jesse Moore, Ted James, Mitchell Norotsky, and Chris A. JonesPart IX: The Path to Reducing the Cancer Burden: Prevention, Early Detection, Recovery, Survivorship 59132 Cancer Genetics: Risk Assessment 593Wendy McKinnon33 Cancer Prevention: Diet, Nutrition, and Lifestyle 603Jennifer L. May and Jean R. Harvey34 Cancer Survivorship 617David Cranmer35 The Tools of Advocacy in Cancer Prevention, Early Detection, Recovery, and Treatment 621Jill Sudhoff‐GuerinIndex 637