Handbook of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy In Vivo

Paul A. Bottomley, BSc (Hon.), 1975, PhD, 1978, Physics, University of Nottingham, UK. Research Associate, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1978–1980. Physicist, G. E. Research and Development Center, 1980–1994. Currently Russell H Morgan Professor and Director of the Division of MR Research, of the Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University. Fellow and Gold Medal recipient of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 1989; Coolidge Fellowship and medal, G.E. Company, 1990; Gold, Silver, and Bronze patent medals, G.E. Company; Gold Medal, American Roentgen Ray Society 2015; over 40 issued patents, about 180 peer-reviewed papers, 24 book chapters, 13 editorials, and over 225 published abstracts. Research specialties: in vivo NMR, MRI, tissue relaxation times, localized NMR spectroscopy, human cardiac NMR spectroscopy, interventional MRI, and MRI safety.John Griffiths, Qualified in medicine and biochemistry. In the early 1980s, his research group pioneered the use of MRS for studies on living tumors, and he has worked since then on MRI and MRS of cancer, both in vivo and ex vivo. He has published more than 300 peer-reviewed articles to date. His recent interests include the metabolomics of cancer.

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• Contributors xvSeries Preface xxvPreface xxviiAbbreviations and Acronyms xxixPart A: Methodology 1Basics 31 Basics of NMRPaul A. Bottomley 52 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy InstrumentationDavid Hoult 293 Detection Coils for MRSJ. Thomas Vaughan, Russell Lagore, and Jinfeng Tian 474 APracticalGuidetoInVivoMRSDominick J.O. McIntyre 65Localization 755 Adiabatic Excitation Pulses for MRSRobin A. de Graaf 776 Localized MRS Employing Radiofrequency Field (B 1)GradientsMichael Garwood 917 Single Voxel MRSGeoffrey S. Payne 1078 Chemical Shift Imaging with Phase and Sensitivity EncodingMichael Schär, Bernhard Strasser, and Ulrike Dydak 1219 Encoding and Decoding with Prior Knowledge: From SLIM to SPICEChao Ma, Fan Lam, and Zhi-Pei Liang 14110 Accurate Localized Spectroscopy from Anatomically Matched Regions with Optimal Spatial Response FunctionMarkus von Kienlin 15111 Accelerated Spatially-Encoded MRS of Arbitrarily-Shaped Compartments Using Linear Algebraic ModelingPaul A. Bottomley and Yi Zhang 16312 High-Speed Spatial–Spectral Encoding with Echo-Planar and Spiral Spectroscopic ImagingStefan Posse and Xiaoping Hu 18513 Direct Water–Fat Imaging Methods: Chemical Shift-Selective and Chemical Shift-Encoded MRIHouchun Harry Hu and Diego Hernando 203Physiological Monitoring 22314 Physiological Maintenance in Animal ExperimentsDavina J. Honess 22515 Physiological Maintenance in MRI and MRS of Large AnimalsRebecca A. Krimins and Dara L. Kraitchman 23516 Physiological Monitoring in Human MRSVirginia Newcombe and David Menon 24917 Physiologic Motion: Dealing with Cardiac, Respiratory, and Other Sporadic Motion in MRSMichael Schär 263Data Analysis 27518 Quantifying Spectra in the Frequency DomainSubechhya Pradhan, Brian J. Soher, and Peter B. Barker 27719 Quantifying Spectra in the Time DomainDirk van Ormondt, Danielle Graveron-Demilly, Diana M. Sima, Sabine Van Huffel, and Stephen R. Williams 28920 Advanced Spectral Quantification: Parameter Handling, Nonparametric Pattern Modeling, and Multidimensional FittingAnke Henning 30321 1 H-NMR Chemical Shifts and Coupling Constants for Brain MetabolitesVaran Govind 32122 Pattern Recognition Analysis of MR SpectraSandra Ortega-Martorell, Margarida Julià-Sapé, Paulo Lisboa, and Carles Arús 34323 Quantifying Metabolite Ratios and Concentrations by 1 HMRSMary A. McLean 35924 Quantifying Metabolite Ratios and Concentrations by Non- 1 HMRSPaul A. Bottomley 369Parametry 38925 Measuring Intra- and Extracellular pH by MRSPedro M. Enriquez-Navas and Robert J. Gillies 39126 Temperature Monitoring Using Chemical ShiftKagayaki Kuroda 40127 Diffusion-Weighted MRSItamar Ronen and Julien Valette 41528 Measuring Biochemical Reaction Rates In Vivo with Magnetization TransferPaul A. Bottomley 43929 Proton Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRS and MRIPeter C.M. van Zijl and Akansha Ashvani Sehgal 45930 Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy Plus Spatial EncodingM. Albert Thomas, Zohaib Iqbal, Manoj K. Sarma, Rajakumar Nagarajan, Paul M. Macey, and Amir Huda 49531 Spectral EditingRobin A. de Graaf and Douglas L. Rothman 52132 Multiple Quantum MRSUzi Eliav and Gil Navon 535Hyperpolarization 55533 Hyperpolarization Methods for MRSBoyd M. Goodson, Nicholas Whiting, Aaron M. Coffey, Panayiotis Nikolaou, Fan Shi, Brogan M. Gust, Max E. Gemeinhardt, Roman V. Shchepin, Jason G. Skinner, Jonathan R. Birchall, Michael J. Barlow, and Eduard Y. Chekmenev 55734 Pulse Sequences for Hyperpolarized MRSJeremy W. Gordon and Peder E.Z. Larson 575Part B: Applications 597Cells, Solutions 59935 MRS of Perfused Cells, Tissues, and OrgansMatthew Milkevitch, Elizabeth A. Browning, and E. James Delikatny 60136 Metabolism and Metabolomics by MRSYuen-Li Chung, Basetti Madhu, and John R. Griffiths 619Fluorine and Carbon 63337 In Vivo 19 FMRSArend Heerschap 63538 13 C MRS in Human TissueMartin Krššák 64539 Hyperpolarized 13 C MRI and MRS StudiesRenuka Sriram, John Kurhanewicz, and Daniel B. Vigneron 65940 Integrating 13 C Isotopomer Methods with Hyperpolarization for a Comprehensive Picture of MetabolismA. Dean Sherry and Craig R. Malloy 679Muscle 69941 Muscle Studies by 1 HMRSChris Boesch and Roland Kreis 70142 Muscle Studies by 31 PMRSGraham J. Kemp 71743 Measuring Intracellular Oxygenation with Myoglobin 1 HMRSThomas Jue 731Obesity and Diabetes 74344 Body Fat MRSE. Louise Thomas and Jimmy D. Bell 74545 In Vivo MRS of Lipids in Adipose Tissue, Bone Marrow, and LiverJürgen Machann and Fritz Schick 75746 Assessing Fatty Liver with MRSPaul E. Sijens 77347 MRS Studies of Muscle and Heart in Obesity and DiabetesJeanine J. Prompers and Klaas Nicolay 78348 Studying Cardiac Lipids in Obese and Diabetic Patients by 1 HMRSLidia S. Szczepaniak and Laura G. Smith 809Heart Disease 82149 Cardiac MRS Studies in Rodents and Other AnimalsMichael S. Dodd, Damian J. Tyler, and Kieran Clarke 82350 Assessing Cardiac Transplant Viability with MRSMonique Bernard, Frank Kober, and Thierry Caus 83751 MRS in the Failing Heart: From Mice to HumansRobert G. Weiss, Ashish Gupta, and Paul A. Bottomley 84752 MRS Studies of Creatine Kinase Metabolism in Human HeartPaul A. Bottomley 863Brain 89353 Studying Aging, Dementia, Trauma, Infection, and Developmental Disorders of the Brain with 1 HMRSEva-Maria Ratai, Ivan I. Kirov, Lidia Glodzik, and Oded Gonen 89554 Studying Stroke and Cerebral Ischemia by 1 HMRSAndrew M. Blamire 91755 31 P MRS in Psychiatric DisordersDavid G. Harper, J. Eric Jensen, and Perry F. Renshaw 92756 The Significance of N-Acetyl Aspartate in Human Brain MRSRichard A.E. Edden and Ashley D. Harris 947Cancer 95757 MRS in Brain CancerFranklyn A. Howe and Andrew C. Peet 95958 MRS in Breast CancerUma Sharma and Naranamangalam R. Jagannathan 98159 MRS in Prostate CancerJohn Kurhanewicz and Daniel B. Vigneron 997Clinical Trials 102560 Clinical Trials of MRS MethodsMargarida Julià-Sapé, Fernando Arias-Mendoza, and John R. Griffiths 102761 Clinical Trials that Utilize MRS as a BiomarkerAlexander Lin, Ben Rowland, and John R. Griffiths 1041Part C: Appendices 1051Appendix 1: Properties of NMR-Visible Isotopes and their Biological Content in Human Tissues 1053Paul A. BottomleyAppendix 2: Concentration Ranges of Common Metabolites Detected by MRS in Healthy Human Tissue 1057Ivan I. KirovAppendix 3: Peak Assignments for Some Common Metabolites 1061A. Dean SherryAppendix 4: Biochemical Reactions and Molecular Structures of Common MRS Metabolites 1067John R. Griffiths and Varan GovindAppendix 5: Some Standard Formulae Used in MRS 1075Paul A. BottomleyAppendix 6: Common MRS Artifacts 1079John R. Griffiths, Roland Kreis, and Paul A. BottomleyAppendix 7: In Vivo Spectra with Peak Assignments 1091John R. GriffithsIndex 1099