K.M. Gupta is a professor in the Department of Applied Mechanics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India where he teaches materials science, engineering mechanics, thermodynamics of materials, electrical and electronic materials. He has more than 38 years of teaching, research and consultancy experience and obtained PhD from the University of Allahabad. He has authored 28 books and edited 2 books on Engineering subjects as well as 110 research papers in peer-reviewed Journals.Nishu Gupta is a research scholar in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India. He received his M.Tech. degree in Nanoscience and Technology from Delhi Technological University. Prior to starting his current position, he served as a software engineer with Infosys Technologies limited, and has senior software engineer at Tech Mahindra. His research interests are in the fields of semiconductor devices, hybrid solar cells, photonics, nano-optics and related fields.

• Preface xxxvAcknowledgement xxxviiAbout the Authors xxxixAbbreviations xli1 General Introduction to Electrical and Electronic Materials 12 Atomic Models, Bonding in Solids, Crystal Geometry, and Miller Indices 333 Solid Structures, Characterization of Materials, Crystal Imperfections, and Mechanical Properties of Materials 714 Conductive Materials: Electron Theories, Properties and Behaviour 1095 Conductive Materials: Types and Applications 1536 Semiconducting Materials: Properties and Behaviour 1857 Semiconducting Materials: Types and Applications 2298 Semiconducting Materials: Processing and Devices 2639 Dielectric Materials: Properties and Behaviour 30110 Dielectric Materials: Types and Applications 34311 Magnetic Materials: Properties and Behaviour 37912 Magnetic Materials: Types and Applications 42313 Superconductive Materials 44914 Passive Components (Resistors) 47715 Passive Components (Capacitors) 50316 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Fabrication 53317 Optical Properties of Materials, and Materials for Opto-Electronic Devices 56118 Specific Materials for Electrical, Electronics, Computers, Instruments, Robotics, and Other Applications 59319 Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronic Materials 631Appendix I: SI Prefixes of Multiples and Submultiples 677Appendix II: Greek Alphabet 679Appendix III: Conventions to be Followed While Using SI UNIT 681Appendix IV: Physical Constants 683Appendix V: Conversion Factors 685Glossary of Terminologies 687Answers to Numerical Questions 699Answers to Objective Questions 705Index 709

K.M. Gupta is a professor in the Department of Applied Mechanics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India where he teaches materials science, engineering mechanics, thermodynamics of materials, electrical and electronic materials. He has more than 38 years of teaching, research and consultancy experience and obtained PhD from the University of Allahabad. He has authored 28 books and edited 2 books on Engineering subjects as well as 110 research papers in peer-reviewed Journals.Nishu Gupta is a research scholar in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India. He received his M.Tech. degree in Nanoscience and Technology from Delhi Technological University. Prior to starting his current position, he served as a software engineer with Infosys Technologies limited, and has senior software engineer at Tech Mahindra. His research interests are in the fields of semiconductor devices, hybrid solar cells, photonics, nano-optics and related fields.

• Preface xxxvAcknowledgement xxxviiAbout the Authors xxxixAbbreviations xli1 General Introduction to Electrical and Electronic Materials 12 Atomic Models, Bonding in Solids, Crystal Geometry, and Miller Indices 333 Solid Structures, Characterization of Materials, Crystal Imperfections, and Mechanical Properties of Materials 714 Conductive Materials: Electron Theories, Properties and Behaviour 1095 Conductive Materials: Types and Applications 1536 Semiconducting Materials: Properties and Behaviour 1857 Semiconducting Materials: Types and Applications 2298 Semiconducting Materials: Processing and Devices 2639 Dielectric Materials: Properties and Behaviour 30110 Dielectric Materials: Types and Applications 34311 Magnetic Materials: Properties and Behaviour 37912 Magnetic Materials: Types and Applications 42313 Superconductive Materials 44914 Passive Components (Resistors) 47715 Passive Components (Capacitors) 50316 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Fabrication 53317 Optical Properties of Materials, and Materials for Opto-Electronic Devices 56118 Specific Materials for Electrical, Electronics, Computers, Instruments, Robotics, and Other Applications 59319 Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronic Materials 631Appendix I: SI Prefixes of Multiples and Submultiples 677Appendix II: Greek Alphabet 679Appendix III: Conventions to be Followed While Using SI UNIT 681Appendix IV: Physical Constants 683Appendix V: Conversion Factors 685Glossary of Terminologies 687Answers to Numerical Questions 699Answers to Objective Questions 705Index 709

K.M. Gupta is a professor in the Department of Applied Mechanics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India where he teaches materials science, engineering mechanics, thermodynamics of materials, electrical and electronic materials. He has more than 38 years of teaching, research and consultancy experience and obtained PhD from the University of Allahabad. He has authored 28 books and edited 2 books on Engineering subjects as well as 110 research papers in peer-reviewed Journals.Nishu Gupta is a research scholar in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India. He received his M.Tech. degree in Nanoscience and Technology from Delhi Technological University. Prior to starting his current position, he served as a software engineer with Infosys Technologies limited, and has senior software engineer at Tech Mahindra. His research interests are in the fields of semiconductor devices, hybrid solar cells, photonics, nano-optics and related fields.

• Preface xxxvAcknowledgement xxxviiAbout the Authors xxxixAbbreviations xli1 General Introduction to Electrical and Electronic Materials 12 Atomic Models, Bonding in Solids, Crystal Geometry, and Miller Indices 333 Solid Structures, Characterization of Materials, Crystal Imperfections, and Mechanical Properties of Materials 714 Conductive Materials: Electron Theories, Properties and Behaviour 1095 Conductive Materials: Types and Applications 1536 Semiconducting Materials: Properties and Behaviour 1857 Semiconducting Materials: Types and Applications 2298 Semiconducting Materials: Processing and Devices 2639 Dielectric Materials: Properties and Behaviour 30110 Dielectric Materials: Types and Applications 34311 Magnetic Materials: Properties and Behaviour 37912 Magnetic Materials: Types and Applications 42313 Superconductive Materials 44914 Passive Components (Resistors) 47715 Passive Components (Capacitors) 50316 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Fabrication 53317 Optical Properties of Materials, and Materials for Opto-Electronic Devices 56118 Specific Materials for Electrical, Electronics, Computers, Instruments, Robotics, and Other Applications 59319 Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronic Materials 631Appendix I: SI Prefixes of Multiples and Submultiples 677Appendix II: Greek Alphabet 679Appendix III: Conventions to be Followed While Using SI UNIT 681Appendix IV: Physical Constants 683Appendix V: Conversion Factors 685Glossary of Terminologies 687Answers to Numerical Questions 699Answers to Objective Questions 705Index 709