Introduction to Modern Power Electronics

ANDRZEJ M. TRZYNADLOWSKI, PhD, is Professor at the Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno. He has published extensively in the areas of power electronics and electric drives, maintaining fruitful collaboration with a number of universities around the world. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE); a member of the Industrial Power Converters Committee and Industrial Drives Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society; and an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

"This book would be an excellent introduction for those who want to learn about power electronics, or a refresher for those already familiar with the topic. The descriptions are clearly written and supported by numerous circuit schematics, drawings, and tables, which will help the reader fully grasp the subject matter.[Overall]... the book admirably serves the purpose of introducing power electronics to a wide audience of engineers." (IEEE Electrical Insulation magazine May 2017)

• Preface xiiiAbout the Companion Website xv1 Principles of Electric Power Conversion 11.1 What is Power Electronics? 11.2 Generic Power Converter 31.3 Waveform Components and Figures of Merit 81.4 Phase Control and Square-Wave Mode 161.5 Pulse Width Modulation 221.6 Computation of Current Waveforms 301.6.1 Analytical Solution 301.6.2 Numerical Solution 351.6.3 Practical Example: Single-Phase Diode Rectifiers 38Summary 43Examples 43Problems 50Computer Assignments 53Further Reading 562 Semiconductor Power Switches 572.1 General Properties of Semiconductor Power Switches 572.2 Power Diodes 592.3 Semi-Controlled Switches 632.3.1 SCRs 642.3.2 Triacs 672.4 Fully Controlled Switches 682.4.1 GTOs 682.4.2 IGCTs 692.4.3 Power BJTs 702.4.4 Power MOSFETs 742.4.5 IGBTs 752.5 Comparison of Semiconductor Power Switches 772.6 Power Modules 792.7 Wide Bandgap Devices 84Summary 86Further Reading 873 Supplementary Components and Systems 883.1 What Are Supplementary Components and Systems? 883.2 Drivers 893.2.1 Drivers for SCRs, Triacs, and BCTs 893.2.2 Drivers for GTOs and IGCTs 903.2.3 Drivers for BJTs 913.2.4 Drivers for Power MOSFETs and IGBTs 943.3 Overcurrent Protection Schemes 963.4 Snubbers 983.4.1 Snubbers for Power Diodes, SCRs, and Triacs 1013.4.2 Snubbers for GTOs and IGCTs 1023.4.3 Snubbers for Transistors 1033.4.4 Energy Recovery from Snubbers 1043.5 Filters 1063.6 Cooling 1093.7 Control 111Summary 113Further Reading 1144 AC-to-DC Converters 1154.1 Diode Rectifiers 1154.1.1 Three-Pulse Diode Rectifier 1154.1.2 Six-Pulse Diode Rectifier 1174.2 Phase-Controlled Rectifiers 1304.2.1 Phase-Controlled Six-Pulse Rectifier 1304.2.2 Dual Converters 1434.3 PWM Rectifiers 1494.3.1 Impact of Input Filter 1494.3.2 Principles of PWM 1504.3.3 Current-Type PWM Rectifier 1584.3.4 Voltage-Type PWM Rectifier 1634.3.5 Vienna Rectifier 1754.4 Device Selection for Rectifiers 1784.5 Common Applications of Rectifiers 180Summary 184Examples 185Problems 191Computer Assignments 193Further Reading 1955 AC-to-AC Converters 1965.1 AC Voltage Controllers 1965.1.1 Phase-Controlled Single-Phase AC Voltage Controller 1965.1.2 Phase-Controlled Three-Phase AC Voltage Controllers 2035.1.3 PWM AC Voltage Controllers 2115.2 Cycloconverters 2155.3 Matrix Converters 2205.3.1 Classic Matrix Converters 2205.3.2 Sparse Matrix Converters 2275.3.3 Z-Source Matrix Converters 2305.4 Device Selection for AC-to-AC Converters 2345.5 Common Applications of AC-to-AC Converters 235Summary 236Examples 237Problems 241Computer Assignments 242Further Reading 2436 DC-to-DC Converters 2456.1 Static DC Switches 2456.2 Step-Down Choppers 2486.2.1 First-Quadrant Chopper 2506.2.2 Second-Quadrant Chopper 2546.2.3 First-and-Second-Quadrant Chopper 2566.2.4 First-and-Fourth-Quadrant Chopper 2586.2.5 Four-Quadrant Chopper 2606.3 Step-Up Chopper 2626.4 Current Control in Choppers 2656.5 Device Selection for Choppers 2656.6 Common Applications of Choppers 267Summary 269Examples 269Problems 272Computer Assignments 274Further Reading 2757 DC-to-AC Converters 2767.1 Voltage-Source Inverters 2767.1.1 Single-Phase VSI 2777.1.2 Three-Phase VSI 2867.1.3 Voltage Control Techniques for PWM Inverters 2957.1.4 Current Control Techniques for VSIs 3067.2 Current-Source Inverters 3157.2.1 Three-Phase Square-Wave CSI 3157.2.2 Three-Phase PWM CSI 3197.3 Multilevel Inverters 3227.3.1 Diode-Clamped Three-Level Inverter 3247.3.2 Flying-Capacitor Three-Level Inverter 3277.3.3 Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter 3297.4 Soft-Switching Inverters 3337.5 Device Selection for Inverters 3417.6 Common Applications of Inverters 344Summary 352Examples 352Problems 359Computer Assignments 360Further Reading 3628 Switching Power Supplies 3648.1 Basic Types of Switching Power Supplies 3648.2 Nonisolated Switched-Mode DC-to-DC Converters 3658.2.1 Buck Converter 3668.2.2 Boost Converter 3698.2.3 Buck–Boost Converter 3718.2.4 Ĉuk Converter 3748.2.5 SEPIC and Zeta Converters 3788.2.6 Comparison of Nonisolated Switched-Mode DC-to-DC Converters 3798.3 Isolated Switched-Mode DC-to-DC Converters 3828.3.1 Single-Switch-Isolated DC-to-DC Converters 3838.3.2 Multiple-Switch-Isolated DC-to-DC Converters 3868.3.3 Comparison of Isolated Switched-Mode DC-to-DC Converters 3898.4 Resonant DC-to-DC Converters 3908.4.1 Quasi-Resonant Converters 3918.4.2 Load-Resonant Converters 3958.4.3 Comparison of Resonant DC-to-DC Converters 402Summary 402Examples 403Problems 406Computer Assignments 408Further Reading 4109 Power Electronics and Clean Energy 4119.1 Why is Power Electronics Indispensable in Clean Energy Systems? 4119.2 Solar and Wind Renewable Energy Systems 4139.2.1 Solar Energy Systems 4139.2.2 Wind Energy Systems 4179.3 Fuel Cell Energy Systems 4229.4 Electric Cars 4249.5 Hybrid Cars 4269.6 Power Electronics and Energy Conservation 430Summary 431Further Reading 432Appendix A Spice Simulations 433Appendix B Fourier Series 438Appendix C Three-Phase Systems 442Index 447