Wiley Handbook of the Psychology of Mass Shootings

Laura C. Wilson is Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychological Science at the University of Mary Washington, USA. Her main area of research and clinical expertise is post-trauma functioning, particularly in survivors of mass trauma such as mass shootings, terrorism, or combat or sexual violence. She also has expertise in predictors of violence and aggression, including psychophysiological and personality factors. She has published widely in a variety of peer-reviewed journals, including Violence and Victims, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, and Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy.

• Notes on Contributors viiPreface xvPart I: Background on Mass Shootings 11 Challenges to the Empirical Investigation of Mass Shootings 3Andrew J. Smith and Michael Hughes2 The Patterns and Prevalence of Mass Public Shootings in the United States, 1915–2013 20Grant Duwe3 Explaining Mass Shootings: Types, Patterns, and Theories 36James Alan Fox and Jack LevinPart II: The Psychology of Perpetrators 574 The Development of Rampage Shooters: Myths and Uncertainty in the Search for Causes 59Benjamin Winegard and Christopher J. Ferguson5 Biosocial Perspective of Proactive Aggression: Applications to Perpetrators of Mass Shootings 77Jonathan Waldron and Angela Scarpa6 The Challenge of Predicting Dangerousness 96Sara Chiara HadenPart III: The Role of Media in the Aftermath of Mass Shootings 1157 The Influence of Media on Public Attitudes 117Jaclyn Schildkraut and H. Jaymi Elsass8 Social Media and News Coverage as Vicarious Exposure 136Carolyn R. Fallahi9 The Role of Technology in Expressions of Grief 153Kenneth A. Lachlan10 The Impact of Journalism on Grieving Communities 170Henna Haravuori, Noora Berg, and Mauri MarttunenPart IV: Psychological Considerations for Impacted Individuals 18911 Mental Health Outcomes Following Direct Exposure 191Laura C. Wilson12 Psychosocial Functioning Within Shooting]Affected Communities: Individual] and Community]Level Factors 210Heather Littleton, Julia C. Dodd, and Kelly Rudolph13 Postdisaster Psychopathology Among Rescue Workers Responding to Multiple]Shooting Incidents 229Geoff J. May and Carol S. North14 Distress Among Journalists Working the Incidents 247Klas BackholmPart V: Clinical Interventions for Impacted Individuals 26515 Empirically Based Trauma Therapies 267Thea Gallagher, Natalie G. Gay, Anu Asnaani, and Edna B. Foa16 Public Relief Efforts From an International Perspective 293Kari Dyregrov, Atle Dyregrov, and Pål Kristensen17 Mental Health Service Utilization Following Mass Shootings 312Andrew J. Smith, Katharine Donlon Ramsdell, Michael F. Wusik, and Russell T. Jones18 Resiliency and Posttraumatic Growth 331Andrea M. Despotes, David P. Valentiner, and Melissa LondonPart VI: Prevention, Ethics, and Future Directions 35119 Threat Assessment and Violence Prevention 353Dewey Cornell and Pooja Datta20 Ethical Conduct of Research in the Aftermath of Mass Shootings 372Elana Newman, Chelsea Shotwell Tabke, and Betty Pfefferbaum21 Future Directions 388Danny AxsomIndex 401