Bernardo J. Carducci, PhD, was professor of psychology at Indiana University Southeast where he taught classes on personality psychology and introductory psychology for 37 years, and was director of the IU Southeast Shyness Research Institute. He authored several books on shyness, including The Pocket Guide to Making Successful Small Talk: How to Talk to Anyone Anytime Anywhere About Anything and Shyness: A Bold New Approach. His text, Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications, is currently in its third edition.Christopher Nave, PhD, is the Managing Director of the interdisciplinary Master of Behavioral and Decision Sciences program at the University of Pennsylvania. His areas of expertise include multi-method design, behavioral observation, personality stability, personality judgment and well-being. His publications have appeared in top academic journals and handbooks and have been featured in the popular press.

• Contributor Biographies ixGordon Allport 1Roy F. Baumeister 11Jack Block 17David M. Buss 21Paul T. Costa Jr. 25Robert McCrae 29Ed Diener 35Erik H. Erikson 45Hans J. Eysenck 51David Funder 57Lewis R. Goldberg 63Karen Horney 67Carl Jung 73Abraham H. Maslow 79Dan McAdams 83Walter Mischel 89Carl Rogers 95George Kelly 101Agreeableness 105Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler 111Animal Personalities 117Conscientiousness 123Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) 129Cattell Trait Theory Lexical Analysis 135Interpersonal Circumplex 141Psychodynamic Perspective of Defense Mechanisms 147Delay of Gratification 153Extraversion – Introversion 159Ego Control/Ego Resiliency Theory (ARCH) 165Emotional Intelligence 173Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development 179Evolutionary Theory of Personality 185Psychoticism 199Five Factor Model, Facets of 203Gender Differences in Personality, Evolutionary Perspective on 209Contemporary Theories of Gender Identity 215Gene-environment Interaction 221Goldberg vs Costa/McCrae Five Factors 225Grit 231Hedonic Adaptation 237Heritability 243HEXACO Model of Personality 249Independent/Interdependent Self 257Personal Construct Theory of George A. Kelly 263Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 269Meaning in Life 275Neuroticism 281Narrative Approach 287Openness 293Optimism/Pessimism Carver and Scheier Theory 299Personal Projects 305Personality and Language 311Personality Stability and Change over Time 317Personality in Culture 323Personality Stability over Time 329Priming 335Realistic Accuracy Model 341Rejection Sensitivity 351Resilience Theory of, Not Just the Trait Dimension 357Schemas, Theory of 363Self-Determination Theory 369Self-efficacy Theory 375Self-esteem, Theory of 381Self-Monitoring, Theory of 387Self-other Interjudge Agreement; Theory of Accuracy 393Self-Presentation Theory/Impression Management 397Social Learning Theory/Social Cognitive Theory 401Terror Management Theory 407Trait Theory of Allport 413Whole Trait Theory 417Index 423

Bernardo J. Carducci, PhD, was professor of psychology at Indiana University Southeast where he taught classes on personality psychology and introductory psychology for 37 years, and was director of the IU Southeast Shyness Research Institute. He authored several books on shyness, including The Pocket Guide to Making Successful Small Talk: How to Talk to Anyone Anytime Anywhere About Anything and Shyness: A Bold New Approach. His text, Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications, is currently in its third edition.Christopher Nave, PhD, is the Managing Director of the interdisciplinary Master of Behavioral and Decision Sciences program at the University of Pennsylvania. His areas of expertise include multi-method design, behavioral observation, personality stability, personality judgment and well-being. His publications have appeared in top academic journals and handbooks and have been featured in the popular press.

• Contributor Biographies ixGordon Allport 1Roy F. Baumeister 11Jack Block 17David M. Buss 21Paul T. Costa Jr. 25Robert McCrae 29Ed Diener 35Erik H. Erikson 45Hans J. Eysenck 51David Funder 57Lewis R. Goldberg 63Karen Horney 67Carl Jung 73Abraham H. Maslow 79Dan McAdams 83Walter Mischel 89Carl Rogers 95George Kelly 101Agreeableness 105Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler 111Animal Personalities 117Conscientiousness 123Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) 129Cattell Trait Theory Lexical Analysis 135Interpersonal Circumplex 141Psychodynamic Perspective of Defense Mechanisms 147Delay of Gratification 153Extraversion – Introversion 159Ego Control/Ego Resiliency Theory (ARCH) 165Emotional Intelligence 173Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development 179Evolutionary Theory of Personality 185Psychoticism 199Five Factor Model, Facets of 203Gender Differences in Personality, Evolutionary Perspective on 209Contemporary Theories of Gender Identity 215Gene-environment Interaction 221Goldberg vs Costa/McCrae Five Factors 225Grit 231Hedonic Adaptation 237Heritability 243HEXACO Model of Personality 249Independent/Interdependent Self 257Personal Construct Theory of George A. Kelly 263Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 269Meaning in Life 275Neuroticism 281Narrative Approach 287Openness 293Optimism/Pessimism Carver and Scheier Theory 299Personal Projects 305Personality and Language 311Personality Stability and Change over Time 317Personality in Culture 323Personality Stability over Time 329Priming 335Realistic Accuracy Model 341Rejection Sensitivity 351Resilience Theory of, Not Just the Trait Dimension 357Schemas, Theory of 363Self-Determination Theory 369Self-efficacy Theory 375Self-esteem, Theory of 381Self-Monitoring, Theory of 387Self-other Interjudge Agreement; Theory of Accuracy 393Self-Presentation Theory/Impression Management 397Social Learning Theory/Social Cognitive Theory 401Terror Management Theory 407Trait Theory of Allport 413Whole Trait Theory 417Index 423

Bernardo J. Carducci, PhD, was professor of psychology at Indiana University Southeast where he taught classes on personality psychology and introductory psychology for 37 years, and was director of the IU Southeast Shyness Research Institute. He authored several books on shyness, including The Pocket Guide to Making Successful Small Talk: How to Talk to Anyone Anytime Anywhere About Anything and Shyness: A Bold New Approach. His text, Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications, is currently in its third edition.Christopher Nave, PhD, is the Managing Director of the interdisciplinary Master of Behavioral and Decision Sciences program at the University of Pennsylvania. His areas of expertise include multi-method design, behavioral observation, personality stability, personality judgment and well-being. His publications have appeared in top academic journals and handbooks and have been featured in the popular press.

• Contributor Biographies ixGordon Allport 1Roy F. Baumeister 11Jack Block 17David M. Buss 21Paul T. Costa Jr. 25Robert McCrae 29Ed Diener 35Erik H. Erikson 45Hans J. Eysenck 51David Funder 57Lewis R. Goldberg 63Karen Horney 67Carl Jung 73Abraham H. Maslow 79Dan McAdams 83Walter Mischel 89Carl Rogers 95George Kelly 101Agreeableness 105Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler 111Animal Personalities 117Conscientiousness 123Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) 129Cattell Trait Theory Lexical Analysis 135Interpersonal Circumplex 141Psychodynamic Perspective of Defense Mechanisms 147Delay of Gratification 153Extraversion – Introversion 159Ego Control/Ego Resiliency Theory (ARCH) 165Emotional Intelligence 173Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development 179Evolutionary Theory of Personality 185Psychoticism 199Five Factor Model, Facets of 203Gender Differences in Personality, Evolutionary Perspective on 209Contemporary Theories of Gender Identity 215Gene-environment Interaction 221Goldberg vs Costa/McCrae Five Factors 225Grit 231Hedonic Adaptation 237Heritability 243HEXACO Model of Personality 249Independent/Interdependent Self 257Personal Construct Theory of George A. Kelly 263Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 269Meaning in Life 275Neuroticism 281Narrative Approach 287Openness 293Optimism/Pessimism Carver and Scheier Theory 299Personal Projects 305Personality and Language 311Personality Stability and Change over Time 317Personality in Culture 323Personality Stability over Time 329Priming 335Realistic Accuracy Model 341Rejection Sensitivity 351Resilience Theory of, Not Just the Trait Dimension 357Schemas, Theory of 363Self-Determination Theory 369Self-efficacy Theory 375Self-esteem, Theory of 381Self-Monitoring, Theory of 387Self-other Interjudge Agreement; Theory of Accuracy 393Self-Presentation Theory/Impression Management 397Social Learning Theory/Social Cognitive Theory 401Terror Management Theory 407Trait Theory of Allport 413Whole Trait Theory 417Index 423