Manuel Díaz-Campos is Associate Professor of Hispanic Linguistics at Indiana University, Bloomington, USA. He is editor of Selected Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Spanish Phonetics and Phonology (2006) and author of Introducción a la sociolingüistica hispánica (Wiley, 2014).

• List of Figures viiiList of Tables xiNotes on Contributors xvIntroduction 1Manuel Díaz-CamposI Phonological Variation 71 Laboratory approaches to sound variation and change 9Laura Colantoni2 V ariationist Approaches: External Factors Conditioning Variation in Spanish Phonology 36Antonio Medina-Rivera3 Internal Factors Conditioning Variation in Spanish Phonology 54Francisco Moreno-Fernández4 Socio-phonological variation in Latin American Spanish 72John M. Lipski5 Sociophonological variation and change in Spain 98José Antonio Samper PadillaII Morphosyntactic variation 1216 Variationist Approaches to Spanish Morphosyntax: Internal and External Factors 123Scott A. Schwenter7 Variation and grammaticalization 148Rena Torres Cacoullos8 Morphosyntactic variation in Spanish-speaking Latin America 168Paola Bentivoglio and Mercedes Sedano9 Morphosyntactic variation in Spain 187María José SerranoIII Language, the individual, and the society 20510 Aging, Age, and Sociolinguistics 207Richard Cameron11 Gender and variation: Word-final /s/ in men’s and women’s speech in Puerto Rico’s western highlands 230Jonathan Holmquist12 Forms of address: The effect of the context 244Diane R. Uber13 Becoming a member of the speech community: Learning Socio-phonetic Variation in child language 263Manuel Díaz-Campos14 The relationship between historical linguistics and sociolinguistics 283Donald N. Tuten and Fernando Tejedo-Herrero15 The acquisition of variation in second language Spanish: How to identify and catch a moving target 303Kimberly GeeslinIV Spanish in Contact 32116 Spanish in Contact with Quechua 323Anna María Escobar17 Spanish in Contact with Guaraní 353Shaw n. Gynan18 Spanish in Contact with Catalan 374José Luis Blas Arroyo19 Spanish in Contact with Portuguese: the Case of Barranquenho 395J. Clancy Clements, Patrícia Amaral, and Ana R. Luís20 Spanish in Contact with Haitian Creole 418Luis A. Ortiz López21 Palenque (Colombia): Multilingualism in an Extraordinary Social and Historical Context 446Armin Schwegler22 Spanish in Contact with Arabic 473Lotfi SayahiV Spanish in the United States, Heritage Language, L2 Spanish 49123 Spanish in the United States: Bilingual Discourse Markers 493Lourdes Torres24 Functional Adaptation and Conceptual Convergence in the Analysis of Language Contact in the Spanish of Bilingual Communities in New York 504Ricardo Otheguy25 Code-switching among US Latinos 530Almeida Jacqueline Toribio26 Language and Social Meaning in Bilingual Mexico and the United States 553Norma Mendoza-Denton and Bryan James Gordon27 Intrafamilial Dialect Contact 579Kim Potowski28 Heritage Language Students: The Case of Spanish 598Guadalupe Valdés and Michelle Geoffrion-Vinci29 Language Maintenance and Language Shift among US Latinos 623Jorge Porcel30 Mockery and Appropriation of Spanish in White Spaces: Perceptions of Latinos in the United States 646Adam SchwartzVI Language Policy/Planning, Language Attitudes and Ideology 66531 Planning Spanish: Nationalizing, Minoritizing and Globalizing Performances 667Ofelia García32 Bilingual Education in Latin America 686Serafín M. Coronel-Molina and Megan Solon33 V ariation and Identity in Spain 704Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy34 V ariation and Identity in the Americas 728Mercedes Niño-Murcia35 Linguistic Imperialism: Who Owns Global Spanish? 747Clare Mar-Molinero and Darren PaffeyIndex 765

Manuel Díaz-Campos is Associate Professor of Hispanic Linguistics at Indiana University, Bloomington, USA. He is editor of Selected Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Spanish Phonetics and Phonology (2006) and author of Introducción a la sociolingüistica hispánica (Wiley, 2014).

• List of Figures viiiList of Tables xiNotes on Contributors xvIntroduction 1Manuel Díaz-CamposI Phonological Variation 71 Laboratory approaches to sound variation and change 9Laura Colantoni2 V ariationist Approaches: External Factors Conditioning Variation in Spanish Phonology 36Antonio Medina-Rivera3 Internal Factors Conditioning Variation in Spanish Phonology 54Francisco Moreno-Fernández4 Socio-phonological variation in Latin American Spanish 72John M. Lipski5 Sociophonological variation and change in Spain 98José Antonio Samper PadillaII Morphosyntactic variation 1216 Variationist Approaches to Spanish Morphosyntax: Internal and External Factors 123Scott A. Schwenter7 Variation and grammaticalization 148Rena Torres Cacoullos8 Morphosyntactic variation in Spanish-speaking Latin America 168Paola Bentivoglio and Mercedes Sedano9 Morphosyntactic variation in Spain 187María José SerranoIII Language, the individual, and the society 20510 Aging, Age, and Sociolinguistics 207Richard Cameron11 Gender and variation: Word-final /s/ in men’s and women’s speech in Puerto Rico’s western highlands 230Jonathan Holmquist12 Forms of address: The effect of the context 244Diane R. Uber13 Becoming a member of the speech community: Learning Socio-phonetic Variation in child language 263Manuel Díaz-Campos14 The relationship between historical linguistics and sociolinguistics 283Donald N. Tuten and Fernando Tejedo-Herrero15 The acquisition of variation in second language Spanish: How to identify and catch a moving target 303Kimberly GeeslinIV Spanish in Contact 32116 Spanish in Contact with Quechua 323Anna María Escobar17 Spanish in Contact with Guaraní 353Shaw n. Gynan18 Spanish in Contact with Catalan 374José Luis Blas Arroyo19 Spanish in Contact with Portuguese: the Case of Barranquenho 395J. Clancy Clements, Patrícia Amaral, and Ana R. Luís20 Spanish in Contact with Haitian Creole 418Luis A. Ortiz López21 Palenque (Colombia): Multilingualism in an Extraordinary Social and Historical Context 446Armin Schwegler22 Spanish in Contact with Arabic 473Lotfi SayahiV Spanish in the United States, Heritage Language, L2 Spanish 49123 Spanish in the United States: Bilingual Discourse Markers 493Lourdes Torres24 Functional Adaptation and Conceptual Convergence in the Analysis of Language Contact in the Spanish of Bilingual Communities in New York 504Ricardo Otheguy25 Code-switching among US Latinos 530Almeida Jacqueline Toribio26 Language and Social Meaning in Bilingual Mexico and the United States 553Norma Mendoza-Denton and Bryan James Gordon27 Intrafamilial Dialect Contact 579Kim Potowski28 Heritage Language Students: The Case of Spanish 598Guadalupe Valdés and Michelle Geoffrion-Vinci29 Language Maintenance and Language Shift among US Latinos 623Jorge Porcel30 Mockery and Appropriation of Spanish in White Spaces: Perceptions of Latinos in the United States 646Adam SchwartzVI Language Policy/Planning, Language Attitudes and Ideology 66531 Planning Spanish: Nationalizing, Minoritizing and Globalizing Performances 667Ofelia García32 Bilingual Education in Latin America 686Serafín M. Coronel-Molina and Megan Solon33 V ariation and Identity in Spain 704Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy34 V ariation and Identity in the Americas 728Mercedes Niño-Murcia35 Linguistic Imperialism: Who Owns Global Spanish? 747Clare Mar-Molinero and Darren PaffeyIndex 765

Manuel Díaz-Campos is Associate Professor of Hispanic Linguistics at Indiana University, Bloomington, USA. He is editor of Selected Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Spanish Phonetics and Phonology (2006) and author of Introducción a la sociolingüistica hispánica (Wiley, 2014).

• List of Figures viiiList of Tables xiNotes on Contributors xvIntroduction 1Manuel Díaz-CamposI Phonological Variation 71 Laboratory approaches to sound variation and change 9Laura Colantoni2 V ariationist Approaches: External Factors Conditioning Variation in Spanish Phonology 36Antonio Medina-Rivera3 Internal Factors Conditioning Variation in Spanish Phonology 54Francisco Moreno-Fernández4 Socio-phonological variation in Latin American Spanish 72John M. Lipski5 Sociophonological variation and change in Spain 98José Antonio Samper PadillaII Morphosyntactic variation 1216 Variationist Approaches to Spanish Morphosyntax: Internal and External Factors 123Scott A. Schwenter7 Variation and grammaticalization 148Rena Torres Cacoullos8 Morphosyntactic variation in Spanish-speaking Latin America 168Paola Bentivoglio and Mercedes Sedano9 Morphosyntactic variation in Spain 187María José SerranoIII Language, the individual, and the society 20510 Aging, Age, and Sociolinguistics 207Richard Cameron11 Gender and variation: Word-final /s/ in men’s and women’s speech in Puerto Rico’s western highlands 230Jonathan Holmquist12 Forms of address: The effect of the context 244Diane R. Uber13 Becoming a member of the speech community: Learning Socio-phonetic Variation in child language 263Manuel Díaz-Campos14 The relationship between historical linguistics and sociolinguistics 283Donald N. Tuten and Fernando Tejedo-Herrero15 The acquisition of variation in second language Spanish: How to identify and catch a moving target 303Kimberly GeeslinIV Spanish in Contact 32116 Spanish in Contact with Quechua 323Anna María Escobar17 Spanish in Contact with Guaraní 353Shaw n. Gynan18 Spanish in Contact with Catalan 374José Luis Blas Arroyo19 Spanish in Contact with Portuguese: the Case of Barranquenho 395J. Clancy Clements, Patrícia Amaral, and Ana R. Luís20 Spanish in Contact with Haitian Creole 418Luis A. Ortiz López21 Palenque (Colombia): Multilingualism in an Extraordinary Social and Historical Context 446Armin Schwegler22 Spanish in Contact with Arabic 473Lotfi SayahiV Spanish in the United States, Heritage Language, L2 Spanish 49123 Spanish in the United States: Bilingual Discourse Markers 493Lourdes Torres24 Functional Adaptation and Conceptual Convergence in the Analysis of Language Contact in the Spanish of Bilingual Communities in New York 504Ricardo Otheguy25 Code-switching among US Latinos 530Almeida Jacqueline Toribio26 Language and Social Meaning in Bilingual Mexico and the United States 553Norma Mendoza-Denton and Bryan James Gordon27 Intrafamilial Dialect Contact 579Kim Potowski28 Heritage Language Students: The Case of Spanish 598Guadalupe Valdés and Michelle Geoffrion-Vinci29 Language Maintenance and Language Shift among US Latinos 623Jorge Porcel30 Mockery and Appropriation of Spanish in White Spaces: Perceptions of Latinos in the United States 646Adam SchwartzVI Language Policy/Planning, Language Attitudes and Ideology 66531 Planning Spanish: Nationalizing, Minoritizing and Globalizing Performances 667Ofelia García32 Bilingual Education in Latin America 686Serafín M. Coronel-Molina and Megan Solon33 V ariation and Identity in Spain 704Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy34 V ariation and Identity in the Americas 728Mercedes Niño-Murcia35 Linguistic Imperialism: Who Owns Global Spanish? 747Clare Mar-Molinero and Darren PaffeyIndex 765