Pedro Diz Dios is Professor and Head of Special Needs Dentistry at the School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Spain. He is also Honorary Visiting Professor at the Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK.Crispian Scully CBE is a Director of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health-General Health and Emeritus Professor at the Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK. Oslei Paes de Almeida is Professor of Oral Pathology and Medicine at the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. He is also Visiting Professor at both the University of Bristol and University College London, UK.José V. Bagán is Professor of Oral Medicine at Valencia University and Head of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Service at University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain. Adalberto Mosqueda Taylor is Professor of Oral Pathology and Medicine at the Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco and Professor of Oral Medicine at the Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González in Mexico City, Mexico.

• Preface viiAbout the Companion Website viii1 Examination of extraoral tissues 22 Examination of mouth, jaws, temporomandibular region and salivary glands 43 Investigations: Histopathology 64 Investigations: Microbiology 85 Investigations: Imaging 106 Investigations: Blood tests 127 Anatomical variants and developmental anomalies 148 Blisters 169 Blisters, infections: Herpes simplex virus 1810 Blisters, infections: Varicella zoster virus 2011 Blisters, skin diseases: Pemphigus 2212 Blisters, skin diseases: Pemphigoid 2413 Pigmented lesions 2614 Pigmented lesions: Ethnic pigmentation and tattoos 2815 Pigmented lesions: Melanotic macule 3016 Pigmented lesions: Nevus and others 3217 Pigmented lesions: Malignant melanoma 3418 Red and purple lesions 3619 Red and purple lesions: Desquamative gingivitis, mucositis 3820 Red and purple lesions: Erythematous candidosis 4021 Red and purple lesions: Angiomas 4222 Red and purple lesions: Proliferative vascular lesions, Kaposi sarcoma 4423 Red and purple lesions: Erythroplakia 4624 Red and purple lesions: Erythema migrans (lingual erythema migrans; benign migratory glossitis; geographical tongue; continental tongue) 4825 Swellings: Hereditary conditions, drug‐induced swellings 5026 Swellings: Infections, Human Papilloma Virus 5227 Swellings: Granulomatous conditions 5428 Swellings: Reactive lesions 5629 Swellings: Malignant neoplasms, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 5830 Swellings: Malignant neoplasms, lymphoma, metastatic neoplasms 6031 Ulcers and erosions: Local causes, drug‐induced ulcers 6232 Ulcers and erosions: Aphthae 6433 Ulcers and erosions: Aphthous‐like ulcers 6634 Ulcers and erosions: Blood diseases, gastrointestinal disorders 6835 Ulcers and erosions: Infections 7036 Ulcers and erosions: Erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome 7237 White lesions: Candidosis (candidiasis) 7438 White lesions: Keratosis, leukoplakia 7639 White lesions: Hairy leukoplakia, lichen planus 7840 Salivary conditions: Salivary swelling and salivary excess 8041 Salivary conditions: Dry mouth 8242 Salivary conditions: Sjögren syndrome 8443 Salivary conditions: Sialolithiasis, sialadenitis 8644 Salivary conditions: Neoplasms 8845 Salivary conditions: Mucoceles, sialosis 9046 Neck swelling 9247 Neck swelling: Cervical lymphadenopathy in generalized lymphadenopathy 9448 Neurological conditions: Bell palsy, and trigeminal sensory loss 9649 Neurological conditions and pain: Local, referred and vascular 9850 Neurological conditions and pain: Trigeminal neuralgia 10251 Neurological conditions and pain: Psychogenic (idiopathic facial pain, idiopathic odontalgia, and burning mouth syndrome (oral dysesthesia)) 10452 Jaw conditions: Temporomandibular pain‐dysfunction 10653 Jaw bone conditions: Radiolucencies and radiopacities 10854 Jaw bone conditions: Odontogenic diseases and cysts 11255 Jaw bone conditions: Odontogenic tumors 11456 Jaw conditions: Bone disorders 11657 Jaw bone conditions: Fibro‐osseous lesions 11858 Maxillary sinus conditions 12059 Oral malodor 12260 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS 124Index 128