Handbook of World Englishes

Cecil L. Nelson is Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, Indiana State University, USA. He was President of the International Association for World Englishes from 2015 to 2017. He is author of Intelligibility in World Englishes: Theory and Application (2011) and co-author (with Yamuna Kachru) of World Englishes in Asian Contexts (2006). He was co-editor (with Braj B. Kachru and Yamuna Kachru) of The Handbook of World Englishes (Wiley Blackwell, 2006). Zoya G. Proshina is Professor in the Department of Foreign Languages Teaching Theory at M. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia. She was President of the International Association for World Englishes from 2011 to 2012. She has authored and edited a number of books, including Russian English: History, Functions, and Features (with Anna Eddy, 2016). Daniel R. Davis is Professor of Linguistics, University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA. He was Executive Director of the International Association for World Englishes from 2011 to 2018. He has published papers on world Englishes, American English, and the history of the English language. He is co-editor (with Kingsley Bolton) of the journal World Englishes.

• List of Figures and Tables xiList of Contributors xiiiPreface to the Second Edition xxiPreface to the First Edition xxiiiIntroduction: The World of World Englishes xxviCecil L. Nelson, Zoya G. Proshina, and Daniel R. DavisPart I The Historical Context 1First Diaspora 31 Beginnings 5Robert D. King2 English in Scotland 17Fiona DouglasSecond Diaspora 353 English in the United States 37Edgar W. Schneider4 English in Canada 52Stefan Dollinger5 English in Australia and New Zealand 70Scott F. Kiesling6 Caribbean Englishes 87Michael AcetoThird Diaspora 1057 South Asian Englishes 107Ravinder Gargesh8 English in Southeast Asia 135Ee Ling Low9 Southern African Englishes: Form and Functions 159Nkonko M. Kamwangamalu10 African Englishes and Creative Writing 173Eyamba G. BokambaFourth Diaspora 19911 South American Englishes and Englishes in South America 201Patricia Friedrich12 Euro‐Englishes 215Suzanne K. Hilgendorf13 Russian Englishes 232Zoya G. Proshina14 East Asian Englishes 248Nobuyuki Honna15 English in the People’s Republic of China 266Wei Zhang, Kingsley Bolton, and Werner BothaPart II Variational Contexts 28116 Contact Linguistics and World Englishes 283Rajend Mesthrie17 Pidgins and Creoles 299Salikoko S. Mufwene18 African‐American English 314Walt WolframPart III Acculturation 33119 Written Language, Standard Language, Global Language 333M. A. K. Halliday20 Speaking and Writing in World Englishes 349Yamuna Kachru21 Genres and Styles in World Englishes 368Vijay K. BhatiaPart IV Crossing Borders 38322 The Literary Dimension of World Englishes 385Edwin Thumboo23 Bilingual Language Play and World Englishes 407Alexandra A. Rivlina24 World Englishes and Issues of Intelligibility 430Larry E. Smith and Cecil L. Nelson25 World Englishes and Culture Wars 447Braj B. KachruPart V Grammar Wars and Standards 47326 Grammar Wars: Seventeenth‐ and Eighteenth‐Century England 475Linda C. Mitchell27 Grammar Wars: The United States 495John Algeo28 World Englishes and Descriptive Grammars 507Daniel R. Davis29 World Englishes and Corpora Studies 523Gerald NelsonPart VI Ideology, Identity, and Constructs 53930 Colonial/Postcolonial Critique: The Challenge from World Englishes 541Pradeep A. Dhillon31 Postcolonial Theory and World Englishes: Toward a Dialogue 557Wimal Dissanayake32 Creative Acts of Gender in World Englishes 578Tamara M. ValentinePart VII World Englishes and Globalization 59533 World Englishes in the Media 597Elizabeth Martin34 World Englishes and Global Advertising 616Tej K. Bhatia35 World Englishes and Global Commerce 635Stanley Van HornPart VIII World Englishes and Applied Theory 65736 A Recurring Decimal: English in Language Policy and Planning 659Ayọ Bamgboṣe37 World Englishes and Communicative Competence 674Margie Berns38 World Englishes and Pedagogy 686Aya Matsuda39 World Englishes and International Standardized English Proficiency Tests 703James Dean Brown40 World Englishes and Lexicography 725Fredric T. DolezalPart IX Outlook for the Future 74141 World Englishes: Current Debates and Future Directions 743Kingsley Bolton42 The Karmic Cycle of World Englishes: Some Futuristic Constructs 761Yamuna Kachru and Larry E. SmithIndex 780