Future Challenges in Evaluating and Managing Sustainable Development in the Built Environment

The EditorsPeter S. Brandon is Professor Emeritus at the University of Salford, UK, having been Head of School and Pro Vice Chancellor for Research. He has chaired many of the major research committees related to the Built Environment in the UK, including the 1996 and 2001 Research Assessment Exercises.Patrizia Lombardi is Full Professor and Head of the Interuniversity Department of Urban and Regional Studies and Planning at the Politecnico di Turin, Italy. She has been an established gure in the eld of evaluating sustainable urban development for over 25 years, publishing widely in the subject area and coordinating several pan-European projects. Geoffrey Q. Shen is Chair Professor of Construction Management and became Associate Dean of the Faculty of Construction and Environment of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China, after completing two terms as Head of the Department of Building and Real Estate. He has a proven track record of research leadership in collaborative working and sustainable urban development.

• List of Contributors xAcknowledgements xii1 Initiative and Obsolescence in Sustainable Development 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Section 1: World views and values 31.3 Section 2: Design and evaluation tools and technology 51.4 Section 3: Engaging with practice, stakeholders and management 81.5 Initiative and obsolescence 101.6 Final statement 13References 13Section 1: World Views and Values 152 Cities of Tomorrow: Five Crucibles of Change 172.1 Exordium 172.2 Disquisition 202.3 Propositum 36References 393 Going Beyond Sustainability: Changing Views, Changing Ways 403.1 Introduction 403.2 What lies beyond sustainability? 413.3 Changing views: Transforming story, transforming thought 443.4 Changing self: Transforming knowledge into wisdom 483.5 Changing ways: Transforming practice 503.6 Conclusions 52Acknowledgements 53References 544 Transition Towards a Post Carbon City – Does Resilience Matter? 554.1 Introduction 554.2 Cities and climate change 574.3 Approaches to sustainable development 604.4 Concluding remarks 65Acknowledgements 66References 675 Sustainable Urban Development – Where Are You Now? 695.1 Introduction 695.2 Establishing the BEQUEST network 705.3 Building the BEQUEST team 705.4 The legacy of BEQUEST 735.5 Defining SUD 755.6 The diffusion of SUD 775.7 The framing of and tools for SUD 785.8 Expansion/dilution of SUD 805.9 Elaborating, not extending, SUD 815.10 Conclusions 83References 86Section 2: Design and Evaluation Tools and Technology 916 Crowdsourcing Public Participation in Sustainable Built Environment Development: The Democratisation of Expertise 936.1 Introduction 936.2 The context of sustainable built environment development 946.3 Background to technology‐enabled public participation 966.4 The potential of virtual reality 986.5 Using virtual reality as a crowdsourcing approach to public participation in urban planning 1016.6 Summary 103References 1047 2050 – The Invisible Future 1087.1 The future 1087.2 What future? 1097.3 The present and the future 1117.4 Future city in 2050 1127.5 Invisible BIM 2050 1207.6 Constraints to the vision 122References 1238 The Role of Carbon in Sustainable Development 1258.1 Introduction 1258.2 Operational and embodied carbon in construction 1268.3 Estimating OC and EC 1298.4 Shifting of focus 1408.5 Drivers and barriers in managing carbon emissions in construction 1448.6 Need for carbon estimating in construction 1488.7 Future trends 1498.8 Conclusions 150Acknowledgements 151References 1519 Supporting Risk Assessment in Building Resilient Cities 1559.1 Introduction 1559.2 Theoretical framework for capturing the degree of vulnerability of a place 1569.3 Local risk assessment process 1569.4 Multi‐agency collaboration and community engagement 1589.5 Technology platforms for interactive risk assessment 1599.6 Conclusion 161References 16110 Towards an Intelligent Digital Ecosystem – Sustainable Data‐driven Design Futures 16410.1 Introduction 16410.2 Changing role of ‘design’ for sustainable futures 16510.3 Emerging concepts, challenges and trends 16510.4 The rise of big data 16710.5 From green to smart: New focus/new metrics 16810.6 Predicted versus actual performance 16910.7 Towards a digital ecosystem – Scenarios for implementation 17310.8 Conclusions: Future value propositions 176References 17711 Smart Cities Case Study – The Nottingham Experience 17911.1 Background 17911.2 Remourban 18011.3 Nottingham case study 18111.4 Integrated infrastructures 18911.5 Discussion on added value 190References 191Section 3: Engaging with Practice, Stakeholders and Management 19312 Value‐oriented Stakeholder Engagement in Sustainable Development: A Conceptual Framework 19512.1 Stakeholder engagement in sustainable development 19512.2 Approaches to stakeholder engagement 19612.3 Value‐oriented approach of stakeholder engagement in sustainable development 19812.4 Process of the value‐oriented stakeholder engagement approach 20112.5 Using SNA to analyse stakeholder interrelationships 20212.6 The conceptual framework and its potential applications 20812.7 Conclusions 208Acknowledgements 210References 21013 Sustainability in Practice in the United Kingdom – A Reflective Analysis 21313.1 Introduction 21313.2 Method 21513.3 Reflective analysis 21513.4 Property Tectonics 21513.5 Economics, investment and finance 21713.6 National grid pressures 21813.7 Waste recycling 21913.8 Lifespan software 22013.9 Energy management in social housing 22113.10 Energy Company Obligation 22613.11 Compliance and warranties 22613.12 Conclusion 229References 22914 Understanding Value Generation in Complex Urban Regeneration Projects 23114.1 The context: Social housing projects in Brazil 23114.2 Management of urban regeneration projects 23214.3 Value generation 23314.4 Research method 23514.5 Main results 23714.6 Discussion and conclusions 248References 25015 Integrating Sustainable Urban Development 25215.1 Problem realisation 25215.2 Towards a solution 25415.3 Globalisation and virtualisation 25615.4 The city and its hinterland 25715.5 Towards better governance structures 26015.6 Mind the skills gap 263References 266Further reading 26616 Sustainability – The Role of Construction Contracts 26816.1 Introduction 26816.2 The JCT consultation 27116.3 Specification or contract conditions 27316.4 JCT standard form contracts and sustainability 27616.5 The framework objectives 27616.6 The provider’s supply chain 27616.7 Sustainable development and environmental considerations 27716.8 Aspirational or legally binding provisions 27816.9 The future 28116.10 Conclusion 282References 28417 Transforming Communication and Decision‐making Practices for Sustainable Renewal of Urban Transport Infrastructure 28517.1 Introduction 28517.2 Aim, objectives and methods of study 28717.3 Sustainable renewal of urban transport infrastructure 28817.4 Analysis of key issues in urban transport renewal 29217.5 Findings and discussion 29817.6 Conclusion 300References 30118 Rethinking the Role of Time in Sustainable Urban Development 30618.1 Introduction 30618.2 Why time? 30718.3 Planning with time 30818.4 Time as a linking factor. Hermann Dooyeweerd’s philosophy of the law idea 31218.5 The grave of time. Why current planning approaches fail 31418.6 Summary 31618.7 A future challenge 316References 31719 Suggestions for Future Sustainability: Philosophical and Practical 31919.1 Sustainability 31919.2 Dooyeweerd’s philosophy 32319.3 The longer view 33319.4 The importance of attitudes and beliefs to sustainability 33619.5 Conclusion 341References 342Index 344