Hands-on Guide to Clinical Reasoning in Medicine

Mujammil Irfan MBBS, MRCP(UK), MSc Medical Education, SCE Respiratory Medicine, is a Consultant Respiratory Physician in Copenhagen, Denmark.

“The Hands-on Guide to Clinical Reasoning in Medicine is a great book aimed at medical students. It uses ideas such as concept maps, activities, and cases to take learners through the diagnostic process in an explicit way. This approach is likely to be more useful than a 'traditional' textbook when it comes to thinking through real patients' problems. The book covers the internal medicine curriculum, and there is also an accompanying website. It's well laid out and easy to read.It's designed to be an internal medicine textbook written through a clinical reasoning lens - and the result is a practical book that makes learning more likely to happen. I'd recommend it to medical students, junior doctors, advanced clinical practitioners, and others who need to get to grips with the basics of medicine but in a thoroughly practical and applicable way.” – Dr Nicola Cooper, Consultant Physician, Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, University Hospitals of Derby & Burton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Nottingham, UK and co-editor of the ABC of Clinical Reasoning."The book is written in an informal, conversational style with a friendly and coaching feel ... the questions are thought provoking, with a patient at the centre. The prompts in the text serve as a useful guide to develop skills in clinical reasoning." – British Journal of General Practice, July 2020

• Foreword, ixPreface, xiAcknowledgements, xiiiReviewers, xvAbbreviations, xviiNormal Reference Ranges, xixIcons Explained, xxiAbout the Companion Website, xxiii1 Introduction: The Skeleton Laid Bare, 1Part I Respiratory Medicine, 112 History Taking: A Breath of Fresh Air, 133 Clinical Examination: The Rustle of Leaves, 204 Interpretation of Chest Radiographs: The Light Through the Tunnel, 225 Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gases and Pleural Fluid Results: Needling it Out, 266 Chronic Cough, 307 Acute Breathlessness, 378 Acute Chest Pain, 459 Acute Haemoptysis, 50Part II Cardiovascular Medicine, 5510 History Taking: The Three Pillow Dilemma, 5711 Clinical Examination: The Orchestra of Sounds, 6212 Interpretation of Chest Radiographs: Let There Be Light, 6713 Interpretation of Electrocardiograms: The Rhythm of Life, 7014 Palpitations, 7515 Worsening Breathlessness, 8016 Vague Systemic Symptoms, 8517 Acute Chest Pain, 8918 Blurring the Margins, 94Part III Nephrology, 9919 History Taking: Blood in the Urine, 10120 Clinical Examination: Why Is the Kidney Failing?, 10721 Renal Investigations: The Case of the Frothy Urine, 11022 Hypertension, 11523 Haematuria, 12024 Oedema, 12425 Non‐Specific Symptoms, 128Part IV Endocrinology, 13326 History Taking: Why Am I Losing Weight Doctor?, 13527 Clinical Examination: Looking at the Person as a Whole, 13728 Investigations: Seeing the Wood for the Trees, 14329 Weight Gain, 14730 Palpitations, 15131 Weight Loss, 15532 Thirsty and Confused, 159Part V Neurology, 16333 History Taking: What a Headache, 16534 Clinical Examination: Walking Straight, 16935 Investigations: The Light Bulb, 17836 Headache, 18537 Diplopia, 19038 Leg Weakness, 19539 Unilateral Weakness, 201Part VI Geriatric Medicine, 20540 History Taking: The Haze of Confusion, 20741 Clinical Examination: Why Do I Keep Falling?, 21242 Urinary Continence, 21543 Falls, 22044 Acute Confusion, 22545 Dementia, 231Part VII Gastroenterology, 23746 History Taking: Where is the Pain?, 23947 Clinical Examination: I Have Turned Yellow Doctor!, 24648 Investigations: Journey to the Centre of the Abdomen and Beyond, 25049 Weight Loss and Diarrhoea, 25750 Jaundice, 26251 Haematemesis and Melaena, 26652 Abdominal Pain, 271Part VIII Rheumatology, 27753 History Taking: My Joints Hurt, 27954 Clinical Examination: A Hot Swollen Joint, 28255 Investigations: A Glimpse into the Creaky Bones, 28656 Muscle Aches, 29157 Joint Pain, 29658 Back Pain, 30159 Multi‐System Disease, 305Part IX Common Clinical Conditions, 31160 Common Clinical Conditions, 31361 Respiratory Block, 31462 Cardiology, 31863 Nephrology, 32364 Neurology, 32665 Gastroenterology, 33066 Geriatric Medicine, 33367 Endocrinology, 33568 Rheumatology, 337Index, 338