DOLORES PERIN, PHD, is a professor of psychology and education, chair of the department of Health and Behavior Studies, and senior researcher at the Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University. Her research interests center on the reading and writing skills of students in adult literacy programs and postsecondary education who experience academic difficulty.

“…this handbook presents a wide range of robust research from experts in their fields. It will have value across the spectrum of those who are interested in adult literacy irrespective of their role, and I heartily recommend it.” - International Review of Education (2020) 66:613–615

• ContentsList of Contributors ix Section Editors and Reviewers xi Acknowledgments xiiiConceptual Framework and Overview of the Handbook 1 Dolores PerinSection I Cognitive, Affective and Motivational Factors Underlying Adult Literacy 15 1 Cognitive Processing Challenges Associated with Low Literacy in Adults 17 John Sabatini, Tenaha O’Reilly, Kelsey Dreier, and Zuowei Wang2 Phonological Abilities in Fully Illiterate Adults 41 José Morais and Régine Kolinsky3 Gender Differences in the Reading Motivation of Adults with Low  Literacy Skills 63 Jan C. Frijters, Emily Brown, and Daphne Greenberg4 Integrating Component Skills in a Reading Comprehension Framework for Struggling Adult Readers 89 Elizabeth L. Tighe5 Writing Challenges for Postsecondary English Learners with Low Levels of First Language Literacy 107 Stephen M. Doolan6 From “Degisned” and “Dezine” to “Design”: Comparing Adults’ and Children’s Spelling Errors Across Tasks 131 Katherine S. Binder, Amani Talwar , Nora K. Bond, and Nicole Gilbert Cote7 Literacy Skills, Academic Self‐Efficacy, and Participation in Prison Education 151 Lise Ø. Jones and Terje Manger8 Readiness to Learn Among Adults with Low Skills 171 M Cecil Smith, Thomas J. Smith, Amy D. Rose, and Jovita M. Ross‐Gordon9 Cognitive Profile of Students with Dyslexia Entering Postsecondary Education 193 Maaike Callens and Marc Brysbaert10 A Cognitive Framework for Tracing the Roots of Reading Disabilities Among University Students 215 George K. Georgiou and J. P. Das11 Reading, Writing, and Self‐Efficacy of Low‐Skilled Postsecondary Students 237 Dolores PerinSection II Contexts of Literacy for Adults with Low Skills 26112 Cognitive and Sociocultural Dimensions of Adult Literacy and Integrating Technology in Adult Education 263 Aydin Y. Durgunoğlu, Hilal Gençay, Meltem Cantűrk, and G. Hilal Kuşçul13 I Will Survive: Sociocultural and Educational Factors Underlying Child Mortality in Rural Ghana 283 Niels‐Hugo Blunch14 Literacy and Social Change in South Asia 299 Cristine Smith and Konda R. Chavva15 Literacy, Numeracy, and Self‐Rated Health among U.S. Adults 317 Esther Prins and Shannon Monnat16 Adults with Low Skills and Learning Disabilities 337 Margaret Becker Patterson17 Participation in Literacy Programs for Adults with Low Skills in Southeastern Europe 361 George K. Zarifis18 Making the Most of Learning Contexts: A Literature Review on Family and Workplace Literacy Programs 381 Hendrickje C. WindischSection III Education of Adults with Low Literacy Skills 407 19 How to Teach Fully Illiterate Adults to Read 409 Régine Kolinsky, Cristina Carvalho, Isabel Leite, Ana Franco, and José Morais20 Developmental Trajectories of Adult Education Students: Implications for Policy, Research, and Practice 429 Stephen Reder21 Academic Literacy as Developmental Pedagogy: The Learning and Growth of Adult English Language Learners 451 Jennifer Ouellette‐Schramm22 Educational Technologies that Support Reading Comprehension for Adults Who Have Low Literacy Skills 471 Arthur C. Graesser, Daphne Greenberg, Andrew Olney , and Maureen W. Lovett23 Writing Strategy Instruction for Low‐Skilled Postsecondary Students 495 Zoi A. Traga Philippakos and Charles A. MacArthur24 Transitioning Adult Literacy Students to Postsecondary Education 517 Elizabeth Zachry Rutschow25 Research on Developmental Education Instruction for Adult Literacy Learners 541 Maria Cormier and Susan BickerstaffIndex 563

DOLORES PERIN, PHD, is a professor of psychology and education, chair of the department of Health and Behavior Studies, and senior researcher at the Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University. Her research interests center on the reading and writing skills of students in adult literacy programs and postsecondary education who experience academic difficulty.

“…this handbook presents a wide range of robust research from experts in their fields. It will have value across the spectrum of those who are interested in adult literacy irrespective of their role, and I heartily recommend it.” - International Review of Education (2020) 66:613–615

• ContentsList of Contributors ix Section Editors and Reviewers xi Acknowledgments xiiiConceptual Framework and Overview of the Handbook 1 Dolores PerinSection I Cognitive, Affective and Motivational Factors Underlying Adult Literacy 15 1 Cognitive Processing Challenges Associated with Low Literacy in Adults 17 John Sabatini, Tenaha O’Reilly, Kelsey Dreier, and Zuowei Wang2 Phonological Abilities in Fully Illiterate Adults 41 José Morais and Régine Kolinsky3 Gender Differences in the Reading Motivation of Adults with Low  Literacy Skills 63 Jan C. Frijters, Emily Brown, and Daphne Greenberg4 Integrating Component Skills in a Reading Comprehension Framework for Struggling Adult Readers 89 Elizabeth L. Tighe5 Writing Challenges for Postsecondary English Learners with Low Levels of First Language Literacy 107 Stephen M. Doolan6 From “Degisned” and “Dezine” to “Design”: Comparing Adults’ and Children’s Spelling Errors Across Tasks 131 Katherine S. Binder, Amani Talwar , Nora K. Bond, and Nicole Gilbert Cote7 Literacy Skills, Academic Self‐Efficacy, and Participation in Prison Education 151 Lise Ø. Jones and Terje Manger8 Readiness to Learn Among Adults with Low Skills 171 M Cecil Smith, Thomas J. Smith, Amy D. Rose, and Jovita M. Ross‐Gordon9 Cognitive Profile of Students with Dyslexia Entering Postsecondary Education 193 Maaike Callens and Marc Brysbaert10 A Cognitive Framework for Tracing the Roots of Reading Disabilities Among University Students 215 George K. Georgiou and J. P. Das11 Reading, Writing, and Self‐Efficacy of Low‐Skilled Postsecondary Students 237 Dolores PerinSection II Contexts of Literacy for Adults with Low Skills 26112 Cognitive and Sociocultural Dimensions of Adult Literacy and Integrating Technology in Adult Education 263 Aydin Y. Durgunoğlu, Hilal Gençay, Meltem Cantűrk, and G. Hilal Kuşçul13 I Will Survive: Sociocultural and Educational Factors Underlying Child Mortality in Rural Ghana 283 Niels‐Hugo Blunch14 Literacy and Social Change in South Asia 299 Cristine Smith and Konda R. Chavva15 Literacy, Numeracy, and Self‐Rated Health among U.S. Adults 317 Esther Prins and Shannon Monnat16 Adults with Low Skills and Learning Disabilities 337 Margaret Becker Patterson17 Participation in Literacy Programs for Adults with Low Skills in Southeastern Europe 361 George K. Zarifis18 Making the Most of Learning Contexts: A Literature Review on Family and Workplace Literacy Programs 381 Hendrickje C. WindischSection III Education of Adults with Low Literacy Skills 407 19 How to Teach Fully Illiterate Adults to Read 409 Régine Kolinsky, Cristina Carvalho, Isabel Leite, Ana Franco, and José Morais20 Developmental Trajectories of Adult Education Students: Implications for Policy, Research, and Practice 429 Stephen Reder21 Academic Literacy as Developmental Pedagogy: The Learning and Growth of Adult English Language Learners 451 Jennifer Ouellette‐Schramm22 Educational Technologies that Support Reading Comprehension for Adults Who Have Low Literacy Skills 471 Arthur C. Graesser, Daphne Greenberg, Andrew Olney , and Maureen W. Lovett23 Writing Strategy Instruction for Low‐Skilled Postsecondary Students 495 Zoi A. Traga Philippakos and Charles A. MacArthur24 Transitioning Adult Literacy Students to Postsecondary Education 517 Elizabeth Zachry Rutschow25 Research on Developmental Education Instruction for Adult Literacy Learners 541 Maria Cormier and Susan BickerstaffIndex 563

DOLORES PERIN, PHD, is a professor of psychology and education, chair of the department of Health and Behavior Studies, and senior researcher at the Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University. Her research interests center on the reading and writing skills of students in adult literacy programs and postsecondary education who experience academic difficulty.

“…this handbook presents a wide range of robust research from experts in their fields. It will have value across the spectrum of those who are interested in adult literacy irrespective of their role, and I heartily recommend it.” - International Review of Education (2020) 66:613–615

• ContentsList of Contributors ix Section Editors and Reviewers xi Acknowledgments xiiiConceptual Framework and Overview of the Handbook 1 Dolores PerinSection I Cognitive, Affective and Motivational Factors Underlying Adult Literacy 15 1 Cognitive Processing Challenges Associated with Low Literacy in Adults 17 John Sabatini, Tenaha O’Reilly, Kelsey Dreier, and Zuowei Wang2 Phonological Abilities in Fully Illiterate Adults 41 José Morais and Régine Kolinsky3 Gender Differences in the Reading Motivation of Adults with Low  Literacy Skills 63 Jan C. Frijters, Emily Brown, and Daphne Greenberg4 Integrating Component Skills in a Reading Comprehension Framework for Struggling Adult Readers 89 Elizabeth L. Tighe5 Writing Challenges for Postsecondary English Learners with Low Levels of First Language Literacy 107 Stephen M. Doolan6 From “Degisned” and “Dezine” to “Design”: Comparing Adults’ and Children’s Spelling Errors Across Tasks 131 Katherine S. Binder, Amani Talwar , Nora K. Bond, and Nicole Gilbert Cote7 Literacy Skills, Academic Self‐Efficacy, and Participation in Prison Education 151 Lise Ø. Jones and Terje Manger8 Readiness to Learn Among Adults with Low Skills 171 M Cecil Smith, Thomas J. Smith, Amy D. Rose, and Jovita M. Ross‐Gordon9 Cognitive Profile of Students with Dyslexia Entering Postsecondary Education 193 Maaike Callens and Marc Brysbaert10 A Cognitive Framework for Tracing the Roots of Reading Disabilities Among University Students 215 George K. Georgiou and J. P. Das11 Reading, Writing, and Self‐Efficacy of Low‐Skilled Postsecondary Students 237 Dolores PerinSection II Contexts of Literacy for Adults with Low Skills 26112 Cognitive and Sociocultural Dimensions of Adult Literacy and Integrating Technology in Adult Education 263 Aydin Y. Durgunoğlu, Hilal Gençay, Meltem Cantűrk, and G. Hilal Kuşçul13 I Will Survive: Sociocultural and Educational Factors Underlying Child Mortality in Rural Ghana 283 Niels‐Hugo Blunch14 Literacy and Social Change in South Asia 299 Cristine Smith and Konda R. Chavva15 Literacy, Numeracy, and Self‐Rated Health among U.S. Adults 317 Esther Prins and Shannon Monnat16 Adults with Low Skills and Learning Disabilities 337 Margaret Becker Patterson17 Participation in Literacy Programs for Adults with Low Skills in Southeastern Europe 361 George K. Zarifis18 Making the Most of Learning Contexts: A Literature Review on Family and Workplace Literacy Programs 381 Hendrickje C. WindischSection III Education of Adults with Low Literacy Skills 407 19 How to Teach Fully Illiterate Adults to Read 409 Régine Kolinsky, Cristina Carvalho, Isabel Leite, Ana Franco, and José Morais20 Developmental Trajectories of Adult Education Students: Implications for Policy, Research, and Practice 429 Stephen Reder21 Academic Literacy as Developmental Pedagogy: The Learning and Growth of Adult English Language Learners 451 Jennifer Ouellette‐Schramm22 Educational Technologies that Support Reading Comprehension for Adults Who Have Low Literacy Skills 471 Arthur C. Graesser, Daphne Greenberg, Andrew Olney , and Maureen W. Lovett23 Writing Strategy Instruction for Low‐Skilled Postsecondary Students 495 Zoi A. Traga Philippakos and Charles A. MacArthur24 Transitioning Adult Literacy Students to Postsecondary Education 517 Elizabeth Zachry Rutschow25 Research on Developmental Education Instruction for Adult Literacy Learners 541 Maria Cormier and Susan BickerstaffIndex 563