Michael J. Campbell is Emeritus Professor of Medical Statistics in the School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) at the University of Sheffield, UK. Mike is a leading researcher in medical statistics and clinical trials with a national and international reputation. A prolific writer, Mike has written many best-selling textbooks on medical statistics and clinical trials including: Medical Statistics: A Textbook for the Health Sciences, Statistics at Square Two, Sample Size Tables for Clinical Studies, How to Display Data and How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research.

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• Preface ixAbout the companion website xiChapter 1 Understanding basic numbers 1Chapter 2 Data display and summary 15Chapter 3 Summary statistics for quantitative data 31Chapter 4 Summary statistics for binary data 46Chapter 5 Diagnostic and screening tests 61Chapter 6 Populations and samples 78Chapter 7 Statements of probability and confidence intervals 91Chapter 8 P values, power, type I and type II errors 102Chapter 9 Tests for differences between two groups of a quantitative outcome with small samples 118Chapter 10 Tests for association in binary and categorical data 146Chapter 11 Correlation and regression 165Chapter 12 Survival analysis 183Chapter 13 Modelling data 195Chapter 14 Study design and choosing a statistical test 215Chapter 15 Use of computer software 227Answers to exercises 256Glossary 268Appendix 278Index 279

Michael J. Campbell is Emeritus Professor of Medical Statistics in the School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) at the University of Sheffield, UK. Mike is a leading researcher in medical statistics and clinical trials with a national and international reputation. A prolific writer, Mike has written many best-selling textbooks on medical statistics and clinical trials including: Medical Statistics: A Textbook for the Health Sciences, Statistics at Square Two, Sample Size Tables for Clinical Studies, How to Display Data and How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research.

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• Preface ixAbout the companion website xiChapter 1 Understanding basic numbers 1Chapter 2 Data display and summary 15Chapter 3 Summary statistics for quantitative data 31Chapter 4 Summary statistics for binary data 46Chapter 5 Diagnostic and screening tests 61Chapter 6 Populations and samples 78Chapter 7 Statements of probability and confidence intervals 91Chapter 8 P values, power, type I and type II errors 102Chapter 9 Tests for differences between two groups of a quantitative outcome with small samples 118Chapter 10 Tests for association in binary and categorical data 146Chapter 11 Correlation and regression 165Chapter 12 Survival analysis 183Chapter 13 Modelling data 195Chapter 14 Study design and choosing a statistical test 215Chapter 15 Use of computer software 227Answers to exercises 256Glossary 268Appendix 278Index 279

Michael J. Campbell is Emeritus Professor of Medical Statistics in the School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) at the University of Sheffield, UK. Mike is a leading researcher in medical statistics and clinical trials with a national and international reputation. A prolific writer, Mike has written many best-selling textbooks on medical statistics and clinical trials including: Medical Statistics: A Textbook for the Health Sciences, Statistics at Square Two, Sample Size Tables for Clinical Studies, How to Display Data and How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research.

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• Preface ixAbout the companion website xiChapter 1 Understanding basic numbers 1Chapter 2 Data display and summary 15Chapter 3 Summary statistics for quantitative data 31Chapter 4 Summary statistics for binary data 46Chapter 5 Diagnostic and screening tests 61Chapter 6 Populations and samples 78Chapter 7 Statements of probability and confidence intervals 91Chapter 8 P values, power, type I and type II errors 102Chapter 9 Tests for differences between two groups of a quantitative outcome with small samples 118Chapter 10 Tests for association in binary and categorical data 146Chapter 11 Correlation and regression 165Chapter 12 Survival analysis 183Chapter 13 Modelling data 195Chapter 14 Study design and choosing a statistical test 215Chapter 15 Use of computer software 227Answers to exercises 256Glossary 268Appendix 278Index 279