Maria Liljeroth is the author of Ordovician rhynchonelliformean brachiopods from Co. Waterford, SE Ireland: Palaeobiogeography of the Leinster Terrane, published by Wiley. David A.T. Harper is a British palaeontologist, specialising in fossil brachiopods and numerical methods in palaeontology. He is Professor of Palaeontology in Earth Sciences, Principal of Van Mildert College, and Deputy Head of Colleges in Durham University.

• Introduction 1Previous work 2Geological setting    3Tectonic history of Ganderia and Avalonia    4The Iapetus Ocean    5Ireland   6The Leinster Terrane    7Docking history  7Th e Tramore area     7Material   9Stratigraphy and fauna     9Age of the Tramore Limestone Formation  9Tramore and Dunabrattin/Bunmahon sections    10Tramore Shale Formation – Tramore area   12Tramore Limestone Formation – type section at Barrel Strand, Tramore area 12Lithology  12Fauna associations 14Tramore Limestone Formation – other sections 14Pickardstown sections (Ps)   14Quillia Section 1 (QS1) 14Quillia Section 2 (QS2) 14Bunmahon Formation – Bunmahon/Dunabrattin area     15Dunabrattin Shale Formation – Bunmahon/Dunabrattin area 15Dunabrattin Limestone Formation – Bunmahon/ Dunabrattin area 15Lithology and fauna 16Correlation 16Depositional setting and ecology     17Local events 17Tramore Limestone Formation   17Dunabrattin Limestone Formation 19Palaeobiogeographical reconstructions 20New reconstructions for the Iapetus Ocean 22Ganderian terrane positions 22Longitudinal separation  22Latitudinal drift of the Ganderian-Avalonian segment  22Brachiopod provinces  24Faunal distribution 24Darriwilian provinces and faunas 26Th e Low-latitude Province on the Laurentian Platform   26An early Scoto-Appalachian fauna 27Th e Toquima-Table Head province 28Th e mixed faunas of the Leinster Terrane and East Avalonia  31Th e Leinster Terrane    31East Avalonia 32Th e Celtic province 32Th e Baltic Province 34Th e High-latitude Province     35Darriwilian faunal migration patterns: implications on oceanic current confi guration 35Migrations from the Laurentian margins and intraoceanic islands to the south Iapetus–Tornquist region    38Migrations within the south Iapetus–Tornquist region   38Th e Rheic gyre and the High-latitude Province 40Th e Precordillera     40Early Sandbian brachiopod provinces 41Th e Low-latitude Province on the Laurentian Platform   41Th e Scoto-Appalachian Province 42Th e Anglo-Welsh–Baltic Province 43Th e Leinster Terrane    44East Avalonia and Anglesey   46Baltica 47The High-latitude Province     48The Precordillera     48Conclusions   48Systematic palaeontology 50Abbreviations   50Repository     50Statistical methods     50Allometric growth   50Phylum Brachiopoda Duméril, 1806 51Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Williams, Carlson & Brunton, 1996  51Class Strophomenata Öpik, 1934   51Order Strophomenida Öpik, 1934    51Superfamily Strophomenoidea King, 1846     51Family Strophomenidae King, 1846 51Subfamily Strophomeninae King, 1846    51Genus Tetraphalerella Wang, 1949 51Tetraphalerella? sp. 52Subfamily Furcitellinae Williams, 1965    53Genus Dactylogonia Ulrich & Cooper, 1942    53Dactylogonia costellata n. sp 53Family Rafi nesquinidae Schuchert, 1893    55Subfamily Rafi nesquininae Schuchert, 1893     55Genus Colaptomena Cooper, 1956 55Colaptomena auduni n. sp.     56Colaptomena pseudopecten? (M’Coy, 1846) 57Superfamily Plectambonitoidea Jones, 1928     59Family Plectambonitidae Jones, 1928 59Subfamily Taphrodontinae Cooper, 1956  59Genus Isophragma Cooper, 1956    59Isophragma parallelum n. sp.    59Family Leptellinidae Ulrich & Cooper, 1936   61Subfamily Leptellininae Ulrich & Cooper, 1936    61Genus Leptellina Ulrich & Cooper, 1936     61Leptellina llandeiloensis (Davidson, 1883)    61Subfamily Palaeostrophomeninae Cocks & Rong, 1989     62Genus Glyptambonites Cooper, 1956    62Glyptambonites sp. 62Family Grorudiidae Cocks & Rong, 1989  63Genus Grorudia Spjeldnæs, 1957 63Grorudia grorudi Spjeldnæs, 1957    63Family Leptestiidae Öpik, 1933a, emend. Cocks & Rong, 1989 64Genus Leptestiina Öpik, 1933a   64Leptestiina derfelensis (Jones, 1928)    65Family Sowerbyellidae Öpik, 1930    66Subfamily Sowerbyellinae Öpik, 1930 66Genus Sowerbyella Jones, 1928   66Subgenus Sowerbyella (Sowerbyella) Jones, 1928    66Sowerbyella (Sowerbyella) antiqua Jones, 1928    66Order Billingsellida Schuchert, 1893 70Suborder Clitambonitidina Öpik, 1934    70Superfamily Clitambonitoidea Winchell & Schuchert, 1893    70Family Clitambonitidae Winchell & Schuchert, 1893  70Genus Atelelasma Cooper, 1956 70Atelelasma longisulcum n. sp. 70Class Rhynchonellata Williams, Carlson & Brunton, 1996   73Order Orthida Schuchert & Cooper, 1932     73Suborder Orthidina Schuchert & Cooper, 1932    73Superfamily Orthoidea Woodward, 1852  73Family Orthidae Woodward, 1852    73Genus Sulevorthis Jaanusson & Bassettt, 1993 73Sulevorthis aff    S. blountensis (Cooper, 1956) 73Family Glyptorthidae Schuchert and Cooper, 1931    74Genus Glyptorthis Foerste, 1914 74Glyptorthis crispa (M’Coy, 1846) 74Family Hesperorthidae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931 77Genus Hesperorthis Schuchert & Cooper, 1931 77Hesperorthis leinsterensis n. sp. 77Family Plaesiomyidae Schuchert, 1913    86Subfamily Plaesiomyinae Schuchert, 1913 86Genus Valcourea Raymond, 1911 86Valcourea confinis (Salter, 1849) 86Family Productorthidae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    87Subfamily Productorthinae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931     87Genus Productorthis Koz³owski, 1927    87Productorthis sp 87Superfamily Plectorthoidea Schuchert & LeVene, 1929 89Family Platystrophiidae Schuchert & LeVene, 1929, emend.Zuykov & Harper, 2007    89Genus Platystrophia King, 1850, emend. Zuykov & Harper, 2007    89Platystrophia tramorensis n. sp.    89Platystrophia aff    P. sublimis Öpik, 1930    92Suborder Dalmanellidina Moore, 1952    94Superfamily Dalmanelloidea Schuchert, 1913    94Family Dalmanellidae Schuchert, 1913    94Subfamily Dalmanellinae Schuchert, 1913     94Genus Howellites Bancroft , 1945 94Howellites hibernicus n. sp.   94Family Paurorthidae Öpik, 1933b 106Genus Paurorthis Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    106Paurorthis aff    P. parva (Pander, 1830)    106Superfamily Enteletoidea Waagen, 1884     110Family Linoporellidae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    110Genus Salopia Williams in Whittington & Williams, 1955    110Salopia gracilis Williams in Whittington & Williams, 1955 110Order Pentamerida Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    111Suborder Syntrophiidina Ulrich & Cooper, 1936    111Superfamily Syntrophioidea Ulrich & Cooper, 1936     111Family Porambonitidae Ulrich & Cooper, 1936    111Genus Hibernobonites n. gen.    111Hibernobonites filosus (M’Coy, 1846)   112Acknowledgements     115References 115Plates 1–10 122Appendix A 142Appendix B 148

Maria Liljeroth is the author of Ordovician rhynchonelliformean brachiopods from Co. Waterford, SE Ireland: Palaeobiogeography of the Leinster Terrane, published by Wiley. David A.T. Harper is a British palaeontologist, specialising in fossil brachiopods and numerical methods in palaeontology. He is Professor of Palaeontology in Earth Sciences, Principal of Van Mildert College, and Deputy Head of Colleges in Durham University.

• Introduction 1Previous work 2Geological setting    3Tectonic history of Ganderia and Avalonia    4The Iapetus Ocean    5Ireland   6The Leinster Terrane    7Docking history  7Th e Tramore area     7Material   9Stratigraphy and fauna     9Age of the Tramore Limestone Formation  9Tramore and Dunabrattin/Bunmahon sections    10Tramore Shale Formation – Tramore area   12Tramore Limestone Formation – type section at Barrel Strand, Tramore area 12Lithology  12Fauna associations 14Tramore Limestone Formation – other sections 14Pickardstown sections (Ps)   14Quillia Section 1 (QS1) 14Quillia Section 2 (QS2) 14Bunmahon Formation – Bunmahon/Dunabrattin area     15Dunabrattin Shale Formation – Bunmahon/Dunabrattin area 15Dunabrattin Limestone Formation – Bunmahon/ Dunabrattin area 15Lithology and fauna 16Correlation 16Depositional setting and ecology     17Local events 17Tramore Limestone Formation   17Dunabrattin Limestone Formation 19Palaeobiogeographical reconstructions 20New reconstructions for the Iapetus Ocean 22Ganderian terrane positions 22Longitudinal separation  22Latitudinal drift of the Ganderian-Avalonian segment  22Brachiopod provinces  24Faunal distribution 24Darriwilian provinces and faunas 26Th e Low-latitude Province on the Laurentian Platform   26An early Scoto-Appalachian fauna 27Th e Toquima-Table Head province 28Th e mixed faunas of the Leinster Terrane and East Avalonia  31Th e Leinster Terrane    31East Avalonia 32Th e Celtic province 32Th e Baltic Province 34Th e High-latitude Province     35Darriwilian faunal migration patterns: implications on oceanic current confi guration 35Migrations from the Laurentian margins and intraoceanic islands to the south Iapetus–Tornquist region    38Migrations within the south Iapetus–Tornquist region   38Th e Rheic gyre and the High-latitude Province 40Th e Precordillera     40Early Sandbian brachiopod provinces 41Th e Low-latitude Province on the Laurentian Platform   41Th e Scoto-Appalachian Province 42Th e Anglo-Welsh–Baltic Province 43Th e Leinster Terrane    44East Avalonia and Anglesey   46Baltica 47The High-latitude Province     48The Precordillera     48Conclusions   48Systematic palaeontology 50Abbreviations   50Repository     50Statistical methods     50Allometric growth   50Phylum Brachiopoda Duméril, 1806 51Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Williams, Carlson & Brunton, 1996  51Class Strophomenata Öpik, 1934   51Order Strophomenida Öpik, 1934    51Superfamily Strophomenoidea King, 1846     51Family Strophomenidae King, 1846 51Subfamily Strophomeninae King, 1846    51Genus Tetraphalerella Wang, 1949 51Tetraphalerella? sp. 52Subfamily Furcitellinae Williams, 1965    53Genus Dactylogonia Ulrich & Cooper, 1942    53Dactylogonia costellata n. sp 53Family Rafi nesquinidae Schuchert, 1893    55Subfamily Rafi nesquininae Schuchert, 1893     55Genus Colaptomena Cooper, 1956 55Colaptomena auduni n. sp.     56Colaptomena pseudopecten? (M’Coy, 1846) 57Superfamily Plectambonitoidea Jones, 1928     59Family Plectambonitidae Jones, 1928 59Subfamily Taphrodontinae Cooper, 1956  59Genus Isophragma Cooper, 1956    59Isophragma parallelum n. sp.    59Family Leptellinidae Ulrich & Cooper, 1936   61Subfamily Leptellininae Ulrich & Cooper, 1936    61Genus Leptellina Ulrich & Cooper, 1936     61Leptellina llandeiloensis (Davidson, 1883)    61Subfamily Palaeostrophomeninae Cocks & Rong, 1989     62Genus Glyptambonites Cooper, 1956    62Glyptambonites sp. 62Family Grorudiidae Cocks & Rong, 1989  63Genus Grorudia Spjeldnæs, 1957 63Grorudia grorudi Spjeldnæs, 1957    63Family Leptestiidae Öpik, 1933a, emend. Cocks & Rong, 1989 64Genus Leptestiina Öpik, 1933a   64Leptestiina derfelensis (Jones, 1928)    65Family Sowerbyellidae Öpik, 1930    66Subfamily Sowerbyellinae Öpik, 1930 66Genus Sowerbyella Jones, 1928   66Subgenus Sowerbyella (Sowerbyella) Jones, 1928    66Sowerbyella (Sowerbyella) antiqua Jones, 1928    66Order Billingsellida Schuchert, 1893 70Suborder Clitambonitidina Öpik, 1934    70Superfamily Clitambonitoidea Winchell & Schuchert, 1893    70Family Clitambonitidae Winchell & Schuchert, 1893  70Genus Atelelasma Cooper, 1956 70Atelelasma longisulcum n. sp. 70Class Rhynchonellata Williams, Carlson & Brunton, 1996   73Order Orthida Schuchert & Cooper, 1932     73Suborder Orthidina Schuchert & Cooper, 1932    73Superfamily Orthoidea Woodward, 1852  73Family Orthidae Woodward, 1852    73Genus Sulevorthis Jaanusson & Bassettt, 1993 73Sulevorthis aff    S. blountensis (Cooper, 1956) 73Family Glyptorthidae Schuchert and Cooper, 1931    74Genus Glyptorthis Foerste, 1914 74Glyptorthis crispa (M’Coy, 1846) 74Family Hesperorthidae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931 77Genus Hesperorthis Schuchert & Cooper, 1931 77Hesperorthis leinsterensis n. sp. 77Family Plaesiomyidae Schuchert, 1913    86Subfamily Plaesiomyinae Schuchert, 1913 86Genus Valcourea Raymond, 1911 86Valcourea confinis (Salter, 1849) 86Family Productorthidae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    87Subfamily Productorthinae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931     87Genus Productorthis Koz³owski, 1927    87Productorthis sp 87Superfamily Plectorthoidea Schuchert & LeVene, 1929 89Family Platystrophiidae Schuchert & LeVene, 1929, emend.Zuykov & Harper, 2007    89Genus Platystrophia King, 1850, emend. Zuykov & Harper, 2007    89Platystrophia tramorensis n. sp.    89Platystrophia aff    P. sublimis Öpik, 1930    92Suborder Dalmanellidina Moore, 1952    94Superfamily Dalmanelloidea Schuchert, 1913    94Family Dalmanellidae Schuchert, 1913    94Subfamily Dalmanellinae Schuchert, 1913     94Genus Howellites Bancroft , 1945 94Howellites hibernicus n. sp.   94Family Paurorthidae Öpik, 1933b 106Genus Paurorthis Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    106Paurorthis aff    P. parva (Pander, 1830)    106Superfamily Enteletoidea Waagen, 1884     110Family Linoporellidae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    110Genus Salopia Williams in Whittington & Williams, 1955    110Salopia gracilis Williams in Whittington & Williams, 1955 110Order Pentamerida Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    111Suborder Syntrophiidina Ulrich & Cooper, 1936    111Superfamily Syntrophioidea Ulrich & Cooper, 1936     111Family Porambonitidae Ulrich & Cooper, 1936    111Genus Hibernobonites n. gen.    111Hibernobonites filosus (M’Coy, 1846)   112Acknowledgements     115References 115Plates 1–10 122Appendix A 142Appendix B 148

Maria Liljeroth is the author of Ordovician rhynchonelliformean brachiopods from Co. Waterford, SE Ireland: Palaeobiogeography of the Leinster Terrane, published by Wiley. David A.T. Harper is a British palaeontologist, specialising in fossil brachiopods and numerical methods in palaeontology. He is Professor of Palaeontology in Earth Sciences, Principal of Van Mildert College, and Deputy Head of Colleges in Durham University.

• Introduction 1Previous work 2Geological setting    3Tectonic history of Ganderia and Avalonia    4The Iapetus Ocean    5Ireland   6The Leinster Terrane    7Docking history  7Th e Tramore area     7Material   9Stratigraphy and fauna     9Age of the Tramore Limestone Formation  9Tramore and Dunabrattin/Bunmahon sections    10Tramore Shale Formation – Tramore area   12Tramore Limestone Formation – type section at Barrel Strand, Tramore area 12Lithology  12Fauna associations 14Tramore Limestone Formation – other sections 14Pickardstown sections (Ps)   14Quillia Section 1 (QS1) 14Quillia Section 2 (QS2) 14Bunmahon Formation – Bunmahon/Dunabrattin area     15Dunabrattin Shale Formation – Bunmahon/Dunabrattin area 15Dunabrattin Limestone Formation – Bunmahon/ Dunabrattin area 15Lithology and fauna 16Correlation 16Depositional setting and ecology     17Local events 17Tramore Limestone Formation   17Dunabrattin Limestone Formation 19Palaeobiogeographical reconstructions 20New reconstructions for the Iapetus Ocean 22Ganderian terrane positions 22Longitudinal separation  22Latitudinal drift of the Ganderian-Avalonian segment  22Brachiopod provinces  24Faunal distribution 24Darriwilian provinces and faunas 26Th e Low-latitude Province on the Laurentian Platform   26An early Scoto-Appalachian fauna 27Th e Toquima-Table Head province 28Th e mixed faunas of the Leinster Terrane and East Avalonia  31Th e Leinster Terrane    31East Avalonia 32Th e Celtic province 32Th e Baltic Province 34Th e High-latitude Province     35Darriwilian faunal migration patterns: implications on oceanic current confi guration 35Migrations from the Laurentian margins and intraoceanic islands to the south Iapetus–Tornquist region    38Migrations within the south Iapetus–Tornquist region   38Th e Rheic gyre and the High-latitude Province 40Th e Precordillera     40Early Sandbian brachiopod provinces 41Th e Low-latitude Province on the Laurentian Platform   41Th e Scoto-Appalachian Province 42Th e Anglo-Welsh–Baltic Province 43Th e Leinster Terrane    44East Avalonia and Anglesey   46Baltica 47The High-latitude Province     48The Precordillera     48Conclusions   48Systematic palaeontology 50Abbreviations   50Repository     50Statistical methods     50Allometric growth   50Phylum Brachiopoda Duméril, 1806 51Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Williams, Carlson & Brunton, 1996  51Class Strophomenata Öpik, 1934   51Order Strophomenida Öpik, 1934    51Superfamily Strophomenoidea King, 1846     51Family Strophomenidae King, 1846 51Subfamily Strophomeninae King, 1846    51Genus Tetraphalerella Wang, 1949 51Tetraphalerella? sp. 52Subfamily Furcitellinae Williams, 1965    53Genus Dactylogonia Ulrich & Cooper, 1942    53Dactylogonia costellata n. sp 53Family Rafi nesquinidae Schuchert, 1893    55Subfamily Rafi nesquininae Schuchert, 1893     55Genus Colaptomena Cooper, 1956 55Colaptomena auduni n. sp.     56Colaptomena pseudopecten? (M’Coy, 1846) 57Superfamily Plectambonitoidea Jones, 1928     59Family Plectambonitidae Jones, 1928 59Subfamily Taphrodontinae Cooper, 1956  59Genus Isophragma Cooper, 1956    59Isophragma parallelum n. sp.    59Family Leptellinidae Ulrich & Cooper, 1936   61Subfamily Leptellininae Ulrich & Cooper, 1936    61Genus Leptellina Ulrich & Cooper, 1936     61Leptellina llandeiloensis (Davidson, 1883)    61Subfamily Palaeostrophomeninae Cocks & Rong, 1989     62Genus Glyptambonites Cooper, 1956    62Glyptambonites sp. 62Family Grorudiidae Cocks & Rong, 1989  63Genus Grorudia Spjeldnæs, 1957 63Grorudia grorudi Spjeldnæs, 1957    63Family Leptestiidae Öpik, 1933a, emend. Cocks & Rong, 1989 64Genus Leptestiina Öpik, 1933a   64Leptestiina derfelensis (Jones, 1928)    65Family Sowerbyellidae Öpik, 1930    66Subfamily Sowerbyellinae Öpik, 1930 66Genus Sowerbyella Jones, 1928   66Subgenus Sowerbyella (Sowerbyella) Jones, 1928    66Sowerbyella (Sowerbyella) antiqua Jones, 1928    66Order Billingsellida Schuchert, 1893 70Suborder Clitambonitidina Öpik, 1934    70Superfamily Clitambonitoidea Winchell & Schuchert, 1893    70Family Clitambonitidae Winchell & Schuchert, 1893  70Genus Atelelasma Cooper, 1956 70Atelelasma longisulcum n. sp. 70Class Rhynchonellata Williams, Carlson & Brunton, 1996   73Order Orthida Schuchert & Cooper, 1932     73Suborder Orthidina Schuchert & Cooper, 1932    73Superfamily Orthoidea Woodward, 1852  73Family Orthidae Woodward, 1852    73Genus Sulevorthis Jaanusson & Bassettt, 1993 73Sulevorthis aff    S. blountensis (Cooper, 1956) 73Family Glyptorthidae Schuchert and Cooper, 1931    74Genus Glyptorthis Foerste, 1914 74Glyptorthis crispa (M’Coy, 1846) 74Family Hesperorthidae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931 77Genus Hesperorthis Schuchert & Cooper, 1931 77Hesperorthis leinsterensis n. sp. 77Family Plaesiomyidae Schuchert, 1913    86Subfamily Plaesiomyinae Schuchert, 1913 86Genus Valcourea Raymond, 1911 86Valcourea confinis (Salter, 1849) 86Family Productorthidae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    87Subfamily Productorthinae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931     87Genus Productorthis Koz³owski, 1927    87Productorthis sp 87Superfamily Plectorthoidea Schuchert & LeVene, 1929 89Family Platystrophiidae Schuchert & LeVene, 1929, emend.Zuykov & Harper, 2007    89Genus Platystrophia King, 1850, emend. Zuykov & Harper, 2007    89Platystrophia tramorensis n. sp.    89Platystrophia aff    P. sublimis Öpik, 1930    92Suborder Dalmanellidina Moore, 1952    94Superfamily Dalmanelloidea Schuchert, 1913    94Family Dalmanellidae Schuchert, 1913    94Subfamily Dalmanellinae Schuchert, 1913     94Genus Howellites Bancroft , 1945 94Howellites hibernicus n. sp.   94Family Paurorthidae Öpik, 1933b 106Genus Paurorthis Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    106Paurorthis aff    P. parva (Pander, 1830)    106Superfamily Enteletoidea Waagen, 1884     110Family Linoporellidae Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    110Genus Salopia Williams in Whittington & Williams, 1955    110Salopia gracilis Williams in Whittington & Williams, 1955 110Order Pentamerida Schuchert & Cooper, 1931    111Suborder Syntrophiidina Ulrich & Cooper, 1936    111Superfamily Syntrophioidea Ulrich & Cooper, 1936     111Family Porambonitidae Ulrich & Cooper, 1936    111Genus Hibernobonites n. gen.    111Hibernobonites filosus (M’Coy, 1846)   112Acknowledgements     115References 115Plates 1–10 122Appendix A 142Appendix B 148