Takeyoshi Nagai, Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan.Hiroaki Saito, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan.Koji Suzuki, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan.Motomitsu Takahashi, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan.

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• Contributors viiPreface ixSection I: Introduction1 The Kuroshio: Its Recognition, Scientific Activities and Emerging Issues 3Hiroaki Saito2 The Research Advancements and Historical Episodes brought by the Kuroshio Flowing across Generations 13Takeyoshi Nagai, Kazuyuki Otsuka, and Hiroshi Nakano3 The Gulf Nutrient Stream 23Josep L Pelegrí, Ignasi Valles‐Casanova, and Dorleta Orue‐Echevarría4 On the Role of the Gulf Stream in the Changing Atlantic Nutrient Circulation During the 21st Century 51Daniel B WhittSection II: Physical and Biogeochemical Dynamics5 Structure and Impact of the Kuroshio Nutrient Stream 85Kosei Komatsu and Yutaka Hiroe6 Multiscale Routes to Supply Nutrients Through the Kuroshio Nutrient Stream 105Takeyoshi Nagai, Sophie Clayton, and Yusuke Uchiyama7 Contribution of Kuroshio Recirculation to Nutrient Transport Along the Kuroshio South of Japan: An Analysis of Model Results 127Xinyu Guo, Yingying Hu, and Yoshikazu Sasai8 The Kuroshio‐Induced Nutrient Supply in the Shelf and Slope Region off the Southern Coast of Japan 137Hiroshi Kuroda9 Progress of Studies on Kuroshio Path Variations South of Japan in the Past Decade 147Norihisa Usui10 Island Mass Effect 163Daisuke Hasegawa11 Impact of Ocean Physics on Marine Ecosystems in the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension Regions: A High‐Resolution Coupled Physical‐Biological Model Study 175Yoshikazu Sasai, Makio C Honda, Eko Siswanto, Sami Kato, Kazuyuki Uehara, Hideharu Sasaki, and Masami NonakaSection III: Ecosystem Dynamics12 Phytoplankton Distribution in the Kuroshio Region of the Southern East China Sea in Early Spring 191Toru Hasegawa, Satoshi Kitajima, and Yoko Kiyomoto13 Spatial Variations in Community Structure of Haptophytes Across the Kuroshio Front in the Tokara Strait 207Hisashi Endo and Koji Suzuki14 Variability in Taxonomic Composition, Standing Stock, and Productivity of the Plankton Community in the Kuroshio and its Neighboring Waters 223Toru Kobari, Yurie Kobari, Hiroomi Miyamoto, Yuji Okazaki, Gen Kume, Reo Kondo, and Akimasa Habano15 Diverse Trophic Pathways from Zooplankton to Larval and Juvenile Fishes in the Kuroshio Ecosystem 245Yuji Okazaki, Hiroomi Miyamoto, Koji Suzuki, Hiroaki Saito, Kiyotaka Hidaka, and Tadafumi Ichikawa16 Feeding Ecology of Chaetognath Flaccisagitta enflata in the Kuroshio Region, Western North Pacific 257Hiroomi Miyamoto, Dharmamony Vijai, Yuji Okazaki, and Hiroaki Saito17 Reproduction and Early Life History of Mesopelagic Fishes in the Kuroshio Region: A Review of Recent Advances 273Chiyuki Sassa18 Variability in Growth Rates of Japanese Jack Mackerel Trachurus japonicus Larvae and Juveniles in the East China Sea – Effects of Temperature and Prey Abundance 295Motomitsu Takahashi, Chiyuki Sassa, Kou Nishiuchi, and Youichi TsukamotoIndex 309

Takeyoshi Nagai, Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan.Hiroaki Saito, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan.Koji Suzuki, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan.Motomitsu Takahashi, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan.

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• Contributors viiPreface ixSection I: Introduction1 The Kuroshio: Its Recognition, Scientific Activities and Emerging Issues 3Hiroaki Saito2 The Research Advancements and Historical Episodes brought by the Kuroshio Flowing across Generations 13Takeyoshi Nagai, Kazuyuki Otsuka, and Hiroshi Nakano3 The Gulf Nutrient Stream 23Josep L Pelegrí, Ignasi Valles‐Casanova, and Dorleta Orue‐Echevarría4 On the Role of the Gulf Stream in the Changing Atlantic Nutrient Circulation During the 21st Century 51Daniel B WhittSection II: Physical and Biogeochemical Dynamics5 Structure and Impact of the Kuroshio Nutrient Stream 85Kosei Komatsu and Yutaka Hiroe6 Multiscale Routes to Supply Nutrients Through the Kuroshio Nutrient Stream 105Takeyoshi Nagai, Sophie Clayton, and Yusuke Uchiyama7 Contribution of Kuroshio Recirculation to Nutrient Transport Along the Kuroshio South of Japan: An Analysis of Model Results 127Xinyu Guo, Yingying Hu, and Yoshikazu Sasai8 The Kuroshio‐Induced Nutrient Supply in the Shelf and Slope Region off the Southern Coast of Japan 137Hiroshi Kuroda9 Progress of Studies on Kuroshio Path Variations South of Japan in the Past Decade 147Norihisa Usui10 Island Mass Effect 163Daisuke Hasegawa11 Impact of Ocean Physics on Marine Ecosystems in the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension Regions: A High‐Resolution Coupled Physical‐Biological Model Study 175Yoshikazu Sasai, Makio C Honda, Eko Siswanto, Sami Kato, Kazuyuki Uehara, Hideharu Sasaki, and Masami NonakaSection III: Ecosystem Dynamics12 Phytoplankton Distribution in the Kuroshio Region of the Southern East China Sea in Early Spring 191Toru Hasegawa, Satoshi Kitajima, and Yoko Kiyomoto13 Spatial Variations in Community Structure of Haptophytes Across the Kuroshio Front in the Tokara Strait 207Hisashi Endo and Koji Suzuki14 Variability in Taxonomic Composition, Standing Stock, and Productivity of the Plankton Community in the Kuroshio and its Neighboring Waters 223Toru Kobari, Yurie Kobari, Hiroomi Miyamoto, Yuji Okazaki, Gen Kume, Reo Kondo, and Akimasa Habano15 Diverse Trophic Pathways from Zooplankton to Larval and Juvenile Fishes in the Kuroshio Ecosystem 245Yuji Okazaki, Hiroomi Miyamoto, Koji Suzuki, Hiroaki Saito, Kiyotaka Hidaka, and Tadafumi Ichikawa16 Feeding Ecology of Chaetognath Flaccisagitta enflata in the Kuroshio Region, Western North Pacific 257Hiroomi Miyamoto, Dharmamony Vijai, Yuji Okazaki, and Hiroaki Saito17 Reproduction and Early Life History of Mesopelagic Fishes in the Kuroshio Region: A Review of Recent Advances 273Chiyuki Sassa18 Variability in Growth Rates of Japanese Jack Mackerel Trachurus japonicus Larvae and Juveniles in the East China Sea – Effects of Temperature and Prey Abundance 295Motomitsu Takahashi, Chiyuki Sassa, Kou Nishiuchi, and Youichi TsukamotoIndex 309

Takeyoshi Nagai, Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan.Hiroaki Saito, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan.Koji Suzuki, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan.Motomitsu Takahashi, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan.

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• Contributors viiPreface ixSection I: Introduction1 The Kuroshio: Its Recognition, Scientific Activities and Emerging Issues 3Hiroaki Saito2 The Research Advancements and Historical Episodes brought by the Kuroshio Flowing across Generations 13Takeyoshi Nagai, Kazuyuki Otsuka, and Hiroshi Nakano3 The Gulf Nutrient Stream 23Josep L Pelegrí, Ignasi Valles‐Casanova, and Dorleta Orue‐Echevarría4 On the Role of the Gulf Stream in the Changing Atlantic Nutrient Circulation During the 21st Century 51Daniel B WhittSection II: Physical and Biogeochemical Dynamics5 Structure and Impact of the Kuroshio Nutrient Stream 85Kosei Komatsu and Yutaka Hiroe6 Multiscale Routes to Supply Nutrients Through the Kuroshio Nutrient Stream 105Takeyoshi Nagai, Sophie Clayton, and Yusuke Uchiyama7 Contribution of Kuroshio Recirculation to Nutrient Transport Along the Kuroshio South of Japan: An Analysis of Model Results 127Xinyu Guo, Yingying Hu, and Yoshikazu Sasai8 The Kuroshio‐Induced Nutrient Supply in the Shelf and Slope Region off the Southern Coast of Japan 137Hiroshi Kuroda9 Progress of Studies on Kuroshio Path Variations South of Japan in the Past Decade 147Norihisa Usui10 Island Mass Effect 163Daisuke Hasegawa11 Impact of Ocean Physics on Marine Ecosystems in the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension Regions: A High‐Resolution Coupled Physical‐Biological Model Study 175Yoshikazu Sasai, Makio C Honda, Eko Siswanto, Sami Kato, Kazuyuki Uehara, Hideharu Sasaki, and Masami NonakaSection III: Ecosystem Dynamics12 Phytoplankton Distribution in the Kuroshio Region of the Southern East China Sea in Early Spring 191Toru Hasegawa, Satoshi Kitajima, and Yoko Kiyomoto13 Spatial Variations in Community Structure of Haptophytes Across the Kuroshio Front in the Tokara Strait 207Hisashi Endo and Koji Suzuki14 Variability in Taxonomic Composition, Standing Stock, and Productivity of the Plankton Community in the Kuroshio and its Neighboring Waters 223Toru Kobari, Yurie Kobari, Hiroomi Miyamoto, Yuji Okazaki, Gen Kume, Reo Kondo, and Akimasa Habano15 Diverse Trophic Pathways from Zooplankton to Larval and Juvenile Fishes in the Kuroshio Ecosystem 245Yuji Okazaki, Hiroomi Miyamoto, Koji Suzuki, Hiroaki Saito, Kiyotaka Hidaka, and Tadafumi Ichikawa16 Feeding Ecology of Chaetognath Flaccisagitta enflata in the Kuroshio Region, Western North Pacific 257Hiroomi Miyamoto, Dharmamony Vijai, Yuji Okazaki, and Hiroaki Saito17 Reproduction and Early Life History of Mesopelagic Fishes in the Kuroshio Region: A Review of Recent Advances 273Chiyuki Sassa18 Variability in Growth Rates of Japanese Jack Mackerel Trachurus japonicus Larvae and Juveniles in the East China Sea – Effects of Temperature and Prey Abundance 295Motomitsu Takahashi, Chiyuki Sassa, Kou Nishiuchi, and Youichi TsukamotoIndex 309