EDITED BY RHODA SPERLING, MD Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Division of ID & Department of Medicine, Division of Medical ID, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA SERIES EDITOR Scott L. Friedman, MD Fishberg Professor of Medicine; Dean for Therapeutic Discovery; Chief, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

• Contributors viiiSeries Foreword xivPreface xvAbout the Companion Website xviPart 1: Obstetrics1 Multiple Gestations 3Katherine A. Connolly and Joanne L. Stone2 Preeclampsia/Eclampsia 10Patricia Rekawek and Brian Wagner3 Gestational Diabetes 21Marti Soffer, Catherine A. Bigelow, and Garfield Clunie4 Viral Infections and Pregnancy 28Catherine A. Bigelow and Lauren Ferrara5 Placenta Previa and Morbidly Adherent Placenta 36Elizabeth Yoselevsky, Katherine A. Connolly, and Noel Strong6 Gastrointestinal Disorders and Pregnancy 42Eric P. Bergh and Maria Teresa Mella7 Ultrasound in Pregnancy 49Eric P. Bergh and Angela Bianco8 Carrier Screening and Aneuploidy Screening 59Luciana Vieira and Keith Eddleman9 Preterm Birth 67Andrei Rebarber10 Abnormal Labor 80Dyese Taylor, Lois Brustman, and Frederick Friedman Jr.11 Cesarean Delivery and Operative Vaginal Delivery 87Francesco Callipari, Anna Kremer, Fahimeh Sasan, and Jian Jenny Tang12 Intrapartum and Postpartum Hemorrhage 94Faith J. Frieden13 Intraamniotic Infection 99Andrew Ditchik14 Liver Disease and Pregnancy 108Tatyana Kushner and Rhoda Sperling15 Thyroid Disease and Pregnancy 117Carol Levy, Danielle Brooks, and Keerti Murari16 Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders 127Matthew Dominguez, Laudy Burgos, and Veerle BerginkPart 2: Gynecology17 Surgical Site Infections 135V. Ord Sarabanchong18 Vaginitis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 143Janine A. Doneza and Lisa Dabney19 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 152Karina Hoan and Charles Ascher-Walsh20 Fibroids 159Karina Hoan and Charles Ascher-Walsh21 Pelvic Organ Prolapse 168Woojin Chong and John A. Fantl22 Stress Incontinence 175Nina S. Jacobson and Charles Ascher-Walsh23 Adnexal Mass 184Janine A. Doneza and Tamara Kolev24 Endometriosis 193Suzanne S. Fenske25 Anogenital HPV 199Eric M. Ganz, Shannon Tomita, and Rhoda Sperling26 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause 210Karen F. Brodman27 Menopausal Hot Flashes 218Elissa Gretz Friedman28 Urinary Tract Infection 228Annacecilia Peacher and Anne Hardart29 Ectopic Pregnancy 235Amanda M. Silbermann and Peter G. McGovern30 Osteoporosis 243Holly C. Loudon31 Genital Ulcer Disease 253Omara Afzal32 Vulvodynia 258Suzanne S. FenskePart 3: Reproductive Endocrinology33 Evaluation of the Infertile Couple 265Taraneh Gharib Nazem, Devora Aharon, and Alan B. Copperman34 Ovulation Induction/ART/IVF/ICSI 274Kathryn L. Shaia, Alan B. Copperman, and Eric Flisser35 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 280Rashmi Kudesia and Alan B. Copperman36 Recurrent Pregnancy Loss 291Daniel E. Stein and Alan B. Copperman37 Fertility Preservation 297Lucky Sekhon, Nola S. Herlihy, and Alan B. CoppermanPart 4: Gyn Oncology38 Ovarian Cancer 307Elena Pereira, Jeannette Guziel, and Amy Tiersten39 Cervical Cancer 322Navya Nair, Ann Marie Beddoe, and Peter Dottino40 Endometrial Cancer 333Jamal Rahaman and Carmel J. Cohen41 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 345Melissa Schwartz and Stephanie V. Blank42 Vulvar Cancer 351Melissa Schwartz and Stephanie V. BlankPart 5: Family Planning43 Unintended Pregnancy 361Gillian Dean and Rachel Masch44 Pregnancy Prevention 372Laura MacIsaac, Geetha N. Fink, and Neha R. Bhardwaj45 Early Pregnancy Failure 381Adam Jacobs, Britt Lunde, and Sharon GerberIndex 387

EDITED BY RHODA SPERLING, MD Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Division of ID & Department of Medicine, Division of Medical ID, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA SERIES EDITOR Scott L. Friedman, MD Fishberg Professor of Medicine; Dean for Therapeutic Discovery; Chief, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

• Contributors viiiSeries Foreword xivPreface xvAbout the Companion Website xviPart 1: Obstetrics1 Multiple Gestations 3Katherine A. Connolly and Joanne L. Stone2 Preeclampsia/Eclampsia 10Patricia Rekawek and Brian Wagner3 Gestational Diabetes 21Marti Soffer, Catherine A. Bigelow, and Garfield Clunie4 Viral Infections and Pregnancy 28Catherine A. Bigelow and Lauren Ferrara5 Placenta Previa and Morbidly Adherent Placenta 36Elizabeth Yoselevsky, Katherine A. Connolly, and Noel Strong6 Gastrointestinal Disorders and Pregnancy 42Eric P. Bergh and Maria Teresa Mella7 Ultrasound in Pregnancy 49Eric P. Bergh and Angela Bianco8 Carrier Screening and Aneuploidy Screening 59Luciana Vieira and Keith Eddleman9 Preterm Birth 67Andrei Rebarber10 Abnormal Labor 80Dyese Taylor, Lois Brustman, and Frederick Friedman Jr.11 Cesarean Delivery and Operative Vaginal Delivery 87Francesco Callipari, Anna Kremer, Fahimeh Sasan, and Jian Jenny Tang12 Intrapartum and Postpartum Hemorrhage 94Faith J. Frieden13 Intraamniotic Infection 99Andrew Ditchik14 Liver Disease and Pregnancy 108Tatyana Kushner and Rhoda Sperling15 Thyroid Disease and Pregnancy 117Carol Levy, Danielle Brooks, and Keerti Murari16 Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders 127Matthew Dominguez, Laudy Burgos, and Veerle BerginkPart 2: Gynecology17 Surgical Site Infections 135V. Ord Sarabanchong18 Vaginitis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 143Janine A. Doneza and Lisa Dabney19 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 152Karina Hoan and Charles Ascher-Walsh20 Fibroids 159Karina Hoan and Charles Ascher-Walsh21 Pelvic Organ Prolapse 168Woojin Chong and John A. Fantl22 Stress Incontinence 175Nina S. Jacobson and Charles Ascher-Walsh23 Adnexal Mass 184Janine A. Doneza and Tamara Kolev24 Endometriosis 193Suzanne S. Fenske25 Anogenital HPV 199Eric M. Ganz, Shannon Tomita, and Rhoda Sperling26 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause 210Karen F. Brodman27 Menopausal Hot Flashes 218Elissa Gretz Friedman28 Urinary Tract Infection 228Annacecilia Peacher and Anne Hardart29 Ectopic Pregnancy 235Amanda M. Silbermann and Peter G. McGovern30 Osteoporosis 243Holly C. Loudon31 Genital Ulcer Disease 253Omara Afzal32 Vulvodynia 258Suzanne S. FenskePart 3: Reproductive Endocrinology33 Evaluation of the Infertile Couple 265Taraneh Gharib Nazem, Devora Aharon, and Alan B. Copperman34 Ovulation Induction/ART/IVF/ICSI 274Kathryn L. Shaia, Alan B. Copperman, and Eric Flisser35 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 280Rashmi Kudesia and Alan B. Copperman36 Recurrent Pregnancy Loss 291Daniel E. Stein and Alan B. Copperman37 Fertility Preservation 297Lucky Sekhon, Nola S. Herlihy, and Alan B. CoppermanPart 4: Gyn Oncology38 Ovarian Cancer 307Elena Pereira, Jeannette Guziel, and Amy Tiersten39 Cervical Cancer 322Navya Nair, Ann Marie Beddoe, and Peter Dottino40 Endometrial Cancer 333Jamal Rahaman and Carmel J. Cohen41 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 345Melissa Schwartz and Stephanie V. Blank42 Vulvar Cancer 351Melissa Schwartz and Stephanie V. BlankPart 5: Family Planning43 Unintended Pregnancy 361Gillian Dean and Rachel Masch44 Pregnancy Prevention 372Laura MacIsaac, Geetha N. Fink, and Neha R. Bhardwaj45 Early Pregnancy Failure 381Adam Jacobs, Britt Lunde, and Sharon GerberIndex 387

EDITED BY RHODA SPERLING, MD Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Division of ID & Department of Medicine, Division of Medical ID, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA SERIES EDITOR Scott L. Friedman, MD Fishberg Professor of Medicine; Dean for Therapeutic Discovery; Chief, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

• Contributors viiiSeries Foreword xivPreface xvAbout the Companion Website xviPart 1: Obstetrics1 Multiple Gestations 3Katherine A. Connolly and Joanne L. Stone2 Preeclampsia/Eclampsia 10Patricia Rekawek and Brian Wagner3 Gestational Diabetes 21Marti Soffer, Catherine A. Bigelow, and Garfield Clunie4 Viral Infections and Pregnancy 28Catherine A. Bigelow and Lauren Ferrara5 Placenta Previa and Morbidly Adherent Placenta 36Elizabeth Yoselevsky, Katherine A. Connolly, and Noel Strong6 Gastrointestinal Disorders and Pregnancy 42Eric P. Bergh and Maria Teresa Mella7 Ultrasound in Pregnancy 49Eric P. Bergh and Angela Bianco8 Carrier Screening and Aneuploidy Screening 59Luciana Vieira and Keith Eddleman9 Preterm Birth 67Andrei Rebarber10 Abnormal Labor 80Dyese Taylor, Lois Brustman, and Frederick Friedman Jr.11 Cesarean Delivery and Operative Vaginal Delivery 87Francesco Callipari, Anna Kremer, Fahimeh Sasan, and Jian Jenny Tang12 Intrapartum and Postpartum Hemorrhage 94Faith J. Frieden13 Intraamniotic Infection 99Andrew Ditchik14 Liver Disease and Pregnancy 108Tatyana Kushner and Rhoda Sperling15 Thyroid Disease and Pregnancy 117Carol Levy, Danielle Brooks, and Keerti Murari16 Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders 127Matthew Dominguez, Laudy Burgos, and Veerle BerginkPart 2: Gynecology17 Surgical Site Infections 135V. Ord Sarabanchong18 Vaginitis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 143Janine A. Doneza and Lisa Dabney19 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 152Karina Hoan and Charles Ascher-Walsh20 Fibroids 159Karina Hoan and Charles Ascher-Walsh21 Pelvic Organ Prolapse 168Woojin Chong and John A. Fantl22 Stress Incontinence 175Nina S. Jacobson and Charles Ascher-Walsh23 Adnexal Mass 184Janine A. Doneza and Tamara Kolev24 Endometriosis 193Suzanne S. Fenske25 Anogenital HPV 199Eric M. Ganz, Shannon Tomita, and Rhoda Sperling26 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause 210Karen F. Brodman27 Menopausal Hot Flashes 218Elissa Gretz Friedman28 Urinary Tract Infection 228Annacecilia Peacher and Anne Hardart29 Ectopic Pregnancy 235Amanda M. Silbermann and Peter G. McGovern30 Osteoporosis 243Holly C. Loudon31 Genital Ulcer Disease 253Omara Afzal32 Vulvodynia 258Suzanne S. FenskePart 3: Reproductive Endocrinology33 Evaluation of the Infertile Couple 265Taraneh Gharib Nazem, Devora Aharon, and Alan B. Copperman34 Ovulation Induction/ART/IVF/ICSI 274Kathryn L. Shaia, Alan B. Copperman, and Eric Flisser35 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 280Rashmi Kudesia and Alan B. Copperman36 Recurrent Pregnancy Loss 291Daniel E. Stein and Alan B. Copperman37 Fertility Preservation 297Lucky Sekhon, Nola S. Herlihy, and Alan B. CoppermanPart 4: Gyn Oncology38 Ovarian Cancer 307Elena Pereira, Jeannette Guziel, and Amy Tiersten39 Cervical Cancer 322Navya Nair, Ann Marie Beddoe, and Peter Dottino40 Endometrial Cancer 333Jamal Rahaman and Carmel J. Cohen41 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 345Melissa Schwartz and Stephanie V. Blank42 Vulvar Cancer 351Melissa Schwartz and Stephanie V. BlankPart 5: Family Planning43 Unintended Pregnancy 361Gillian Dean and Rachel Masch44 Pregnancy Prevention 372Laura MacIsaac, Geetha N. Fink, and Neha R. Bhardwaj45 Early Pregnancy Failure 381Adam Jacobs, Britt Lunde, and Sharon GerberIndex 387