Madhuri Sharon completed her PhD from the University of Leicester and Postdoctoral studies from Bolton Institute of Technology. She is Director of Walchand Research Centre for Nanotechnology & Bionanotechnology, India. She has published more than 190 papers, 6 books by international publishers and has 11 patents. Angelica Silvestre Lopez Rodriguez studied for her PhD at the Applied Chemistry Research Center (CIQA) in Saltillo, Mexico. She is currently a Research Professor at the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Mexico. Her research interests are in synthesis, recycling and characterization of polymers, and synthesis of carbon materials. Chetna Sharon is currently working as a Research Instructor at VA Medical Center in Richmond, VA. She obtained her PhD in Molecular Biology and Applied Chemistry from Japan and has more than 20 years' experience in the field of molecular biology, biochemistry, cell signaling, and translational research directed towards development of therapies against serious life-threatening diseases (colorectal cancer, cardiomyopathy, respiratory disease caused by SARS). Pio Sifuentes Gallardo obtained his PhD in 2002 at the Applied Chemistry Research Center (CIQA), Mexico. He has done postdoctoral research at Kyung Hee University in South Korea, Maharastra, India and De Paul University, Chicago (USA). He is now a Research Professor at the Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico.

• Preface xvForeword xvii1 Nanotechnology's Entry into the Defense Arena 1Madhuri Sharon1.1 Introduction 11.2 What is Nanotechnology 21.3 Nanotechnology Offers Innovative Opportunities for Defense 41.4 Nanotechnology for Soldiers 51.5 Increased Surveillance for Better Protection and Security 141.6 Smaller, More Effective and Cheaper Nanotechnology-Based Weapons 151.7 Nanotechnology in Aeronautics for Lighter and Faster Aircraft 171.8 Nanotechnology for Stealth Warships and Submarines for Ocean Exploration 201.9 Nanotechnology for Vehicles 231.10 Nanotechnology for Satellites 241.11 Nanomaterials for Portable Energy/Power 251.12 Nanosensors 281.13 Nanotechnology for Logistics 311.14 Conclusions 332 Stealth, Counter Stealth and Nanotechnology 37Madhuri Sharon2.1 Introduction 372.2 Radar – An Incentive for Developing Stealth 382.3 What is Stealth and Why Was It Developed? 402.4 Considerations and Efforts for Designing Stealth Aircraft 432.5 Radar Cross Section (RCS) 582.6 Shaping of Stealth or Improved Aerodynamics by Reducing RCS 592.7 Reducing the IR Signature 602.8 Muffling Aircraft Noise 612.9 What is Counter Stealth and Why is it Used? 612.10 Nanotechnology for Improved Stealth Performance 632.11 Conclusions 843 Nanocomputers in Aid of Defense 89Angelica Sylvestris Lopez Rodriguez3.1 Introduction 893.2 History of Nanocomputers 933.3 The Nanocomputers 973.4 Applications of Nanocomputers in the Military 1003.5 More Powerful Computers to Come 1033.6 Summary 1054 Nanotechnology-Aided Armor 109Pio Sifullentes Gallardo4.1 Historical Background of Armor 1094.2 Nanomaterial-Aided Armor 1114.3 Summary 1315 Nanotechnology and Weapons 133Chetna Sharon5.1 Introduction 1335.2 Considerations for Developing Nano High Energy Materials (HEMs) for Weapons 1345.3 Requirements for Nanoparticles Used in Nanoweapons 1425.4 Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Weapons 1435.5 Characterization of Nanomaterials Used in Weapons 1465.6 Nanomaterials for Use in Nanoweapons and Ammunition 1475.7 Nanoweapons 1495.8 Defensive Measures to Combat Nanoweapons 1585.9 Risks Posed by Nanoweapons 1595.10 Need for Preventive Anti-Nanoweapon and Anti-Ecophagic Policies 1605.11 Summary 1606 Nanotechnology to Aid Biological and Chemical Warfare Defense 165Madhuri Sharon6.1 Introduction 1656.2 What is Biological Warfare? 1666.3 Chemical Warfare 2096.4 How Nanotechnology Can Protect from Biological and Chemical Warfare 2146.5 Disadvantages of Nanotechnology 2246.6 Summary 2257 Smart Nanofabrics for Defense 235Madhuri Sharon7.1 Introduction 2367.2 A Brief History of Smart Skin Material 2387.3 Types of Smart Textiles 2377.4 Fabrication of Smart Textiles 2397.5 Nanoparticle Coated Textiles 2497.6 Applications of Nanoparticle Coated Smart Textiles 2547.7 Sensors for Smart Textiles 2637.8 Actuators for Smart Textile 2677.9 Summary 2698 Nanomaterial for Adaptive Camouflage and Structure 275Angelica Sylvestris Lopez Rodriguez8.1 Introduction 2758.2 Camouflage 2778.3 Camouflage for the Military 2798.4 Types of Camouflage 2808.5 Active or Adaptive Camouflage 2828.6 Nanomaterials for Advanced Camouflaging 2888.7 Summary 2869 Applications of Nanotechnology in Aerospace 289Madhuri Sharon9.1 Introduction 2899.2 Use of Nanomaterials in Different Areas of Aviation 2919.3 Possible Uses of Graphene in Aerospace 3049.4 Stealth Technology 3069.5 Summary 306References 307Index 309

Madhuri Sharon completed her PhD from the University of Leicester and Postdoctoral studies from Bolton Institute of Technology. She is Director of Walchand Research Centre for Nanotechnology & Bionanotechnology, India. She has published more than 190 papers, 6 books by international publishers and has 11 patents. Angelica Silvestre Lopez Rodriguez studied for her PhD at the Applied Chemistry Research Center (CIQA) in Saltillo, Mexico. She is currently a Research Professor at the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Mexico. Her research interests are in synthesis, recycling and characterization of polymers, and synthesis of carbon materials. Chetna Sharon is currently working as a Research Instructor at VA Medical Center in Richmond, VA. She obtained her PhD in Molecular Biology and Applied Chemistry from Japan and has more than 20 years' experience in the field of molecular biology, biochemistry, cell signaling, and translational research directed towards development of therapies against serious life-threatening diseases (colorectal cancer, cardiomyopathy, respiratory disease caused by SARS). Pio Sifuentes Gallardo obtained his PhD in 2002 at the Applied Chemistry Research Center (CIQA), Mexico. He has done postdoctoral research at Kyung Hee University in South Korea, Maharastra, India and De Paul University, Chicago (USA). He is now a Research Professor at the Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico.

• Preface xvForeword xvii1 Nanotechnology's Entry into the Defense Arena 1Madhuri Sharon1.1 Introduction 11.2 What is Nanotechnology 21.3 Nanotechnology Offers Innovative Opportunities for Defense 41.4 Nanotechnology for Soldiers 51.5 Increased Surveillance for Better Protection and Security 141.6 Smaller, More Effective and Cheaper Nanotechnology-Based Weapons 151.7 Nanotechnology in Aeronautics for Lighter and Faster Aircraft 171.8 Nanotechnology for Stealth Warships and Submarines for Ocean Exploration 201.9 Nanotechnology for Vehicles 231.10 Nanotechnology for Satellites 241.11 Nanomaterials for Portable Energy/Power 251.12 Nanosensors 281.13 Nanotechnology for Logistics 311.14 Conclusions 332 Stealth, Counter Stealth and Nanotechnology 37Madhuri Sharon2.1 Introduction 372.2 Radar – An Incentive for Developing Stealth 382.3 What is Stealth and Why Was It Developed? 402.4 Considerations and Efforts for Designing Stealth Aircraft 432.5 Radar Cross Section (RCS) 582.6 Shaping of Stealth or Improved Aerodynamics by Reducing RCS 592.7 Reducing the IR Signature 602.8 Muffling Aircraft Noise 612.9 What is Counter Stealth and Why is it Used? 612.10 Nanotechnology for Improved Stealth Performance 632.11 Conclusions 843 Nanocomputers in Aid of Defense 89Angelica Sylvestris Lopez Rodriguez3.1 Introduction 893.2 History of Nanocomputers 933.3 The Nanocomputers 973.4 Applications of Nanocomputers in the Military 1003.5 More Powerful Computers to Come 1033.6 Summary 1054 Nanotechnology-Aided Armor 109Pio Sifullentes Gallardo4.1 Historical Background of Armor 1094.2 Nanomaterial-Aided Armor 1114.3 Summary 1315 Nanotechnology and Weapons 133Chetna Sharon5.1 Introduction 1335.2 Considerations for Developing Nano High Energy Materials (HEMs) for Weapons 1345.3 Requirements for Nanoparticles Used in Nanoweapons 1425.4 Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Weapons 1435.5 Characterization of Nanomaterials Used in Weapons 1465.6 Nanomaterials for Use in Nanoweapons and Ammunition 1475.7 Nanoweapons 1495.8 Defensive Measures to Combat Nanoweapons 1585.9 Risks Posed by Nanoweapons 1595.10 Need for Preventive Anti-Nanoweapon and Anti-Ecophagic Policies 1605.11 Summary 1606 Nanotechnology to Aid Biological and Chemical Warfare Defense 165Madhuri Sharon6.1 Introduction 1656.2 What is Biological Warfare? 1666.3 Chemical Warfare 2096.4 How Nanotechnology Can Protect from Biological and Chemical Warfare 2146.5 Disadvantages of Nanotechnology 2246.6 Summary 2257 Smart Nanofabrics for Defense 235Madhuri Sharon7.1 Introduction 2367.2 A Brief History of Smart Skin Material 2387.3 Types of Smart Textiles 2377.4 Fabrication of Smart Textiles 2397.5 Nanoparticle Coated Textiles 2497.6 Applications of Nanoparticle Coated Smart Textiles 2547.7 Sensors for Smart Textiles 2637.8 Actuators for Smart Textile 2677.9 Summary 2698 Nanomaterial for Adaptive Camouflage and Structure 275Angelica Sylvestris Lopez Rodriguez8.1 Introduction 2758.2 Camouflage 2778.3 Camouflage for the Military 2798.4 Types of Camouflage 2808.5 Active or Adaptive Camouflage 2828.6 Nanomaterials for Advanced Camouflaging 2888.7 Summary 2869 Applications of Nanotechnology in Aerospace 289Madhuri Sharon9.1 Introduction 2899.2 Use of Nanomaterials in Different Areas of Aviation 2919.3 Possible Uses of Graphene in Aerospace 3049.4 Stealth Technology 3069.5 Summary 306References 307Index 309

Madhuri Sharon completed her PhD from the University of Leicester and Postdoctoral studies from Bolton Institute of Technology. She is Director of Walchand Research Centre for Nanotechnology & Bionanotechnology, India. She has published more than 190 papers, 6 books by international publishers and has 11 patents. Angelica Silvestre Lopez Rodriguez studied for her PhD at the Applied Chemistry Research Center (CIQA) in Saltillo, Mexico. She is currently a Research Professor at the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Mexico. Her research interests are in synthesis, recycling and characterization of polymers, and synthesis of carbon materials. Chetna Sharon is currently working as a Research Instructor at VA Medical Center in Richmond, VA. She obtained her PhD in Molecular Biology and Applied Chemistry from Japan and has more than 20 years' experience in the field of molecular biology, biochemistry, cell signaling, and translational research directed towards development of therapies against serious life-threatening diseases (colorectal cancer, cardiomyopathy, respiratory disease caused by SARS). Pio Sifuentes Gallardo obtained his PhD in 2002 at the Applied Chemistry Research Center (CIQA), Mexico. He has done postdoctoral research at Kyung Hee University in South Korea, Maharastra, India and De Paul University, Chicago (USA). He is now a Research Professor at the Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico.

• Preface xvForeword xvii1 Nanotechnology's Entry into the Defense Arena 1Madhuri Sharon1.1 Introduction 11.2 What is Nanotechnology 21.3 Nanotechnology Offers Innovative Opportunities for Defense 41.4 Nanotechnology for Soldiers 51.5 Increased Surveillance for Better Protection and Security 141.6 Smaller, More Effective and Cheaper Nanotechnology-Based Weapons 151.7 Nanotechnology in Aeronautics for Lighter and Faster Aircraft 171.8 Nanotechnology for Stealth Warships and Submarines for Ocean Exploration 201.9 Nanotechnology for Vehicles 231.10 Nanotechnology for Satellites 241.11 Nanomaterials for Portable Energy/Power 251.12 Nanosensors 281.13 Nanotechnology for Logistics 311.14 Conclusions 332 Stealth, Counter Stealth and Nanotechnology 37Madhuri Sharon2.1 Introduction 372.2 Radar – An Incentive for Developing Stealth 382.3 What is Stealth and Why Was It Developed? 402.4 Considerations and Efforts for Designing Stealth Aircraft 432.5 Radar Cross Section (RCS) 582.6 Shaping of Stealth or Improved Aerodynamics by Reducing RCS 592.7 Reducing the IR Signature 602.8 Muffling Aircraft Noise 612.9 What is Counter Stealth and Why is it Used? 612.10 Nanotechnology for Improved Stealth Performance 632.11 Conclusions 843 Nanocomputers in Aid of Defense 89Angelica Sylvestris Lopez Rodriguez3.1 Introduction 893.2 History of Nanocomputers 933.3 The Nanocomputers 973.4 Applications of Nanocomputers in the Military 1003.5 More Powerful Computers to Come 1033.6 Summary 1054 Nanotechnology-Aided Armor 109Pio Sifullentes Gallardo4.1 Historical Background of Armor 1094.2 Nanomaterial-Aided Armor 1114.3 Summary 1315 Nanotechnology and Weapons 133Chetna Sharon5.1 Introduction 1335.2 Considerations for Developing Nano High Energy Materials (HEMs) for Weapons 1345.3 Requirements for Nanoparticles Used in Nanoweapons 1425.4 Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Weapons 1435.5 Characterization of Nanomaterials Used in Weapons 1465.6 Nanomaterials for Use in Nanoweapons and Ammunition 1475.7 Nanoweapons 1495.8 Defensive Measures to Combat Nanoweapons 1585.9 Risks Posed by Nanoweapons 1595.10 Need for Preventive Anti-Nanoweapon and Anti-Ecophagic Policies 1605.11 Summary 1606 Nanotechnology to Aid Biological and Chemical Warfare Defense 165Madhuri Sharon6.1 Introduction 1656.2 What is Biological Warfare? 1666.3 Chemical Warfare 2096.4 How Nanotechnology Can Protect from Biological and Chemical Warfare 2146.5 Disadvantages of Nanotechnology 2246.6 Summary 2257 Smart Nanofabrics for Defense 235Madhuri Sharon7.1 Introduction 2367.2 A Brief History of Smart Skin Material 2387.3 Types of Smart Textiles 2377.4 Fabrication of Smart Textiles 2397.5 Nanoparticle Coated Textiles 2497.6 Applications of Nanoparticle Coated Smart Textiles 2547.7 Sensors for Smart Textiles 2637.8 Actuators for Smart Textile 2677.9 Summary 2698 Nanomaterial for Adaptive Camouflage and Structure 275Angelica Sylvestris Lopez Rodriguez8.1 Introduction 2758.2 Camouflage 2778.3 Camouflage for the Military 2798.4 Types of Camouflage 2808.5 Active or Adaptive Camouflage 2828.6 Nanomaterials for Advanced Camouflaging 2888.7 Summary 2869 Applications of Nanotechnology in Aerospace 289Madhuri Sharon9.1 Introduction 2899.2 Use of Nanomaterials in Different Areas of Aviation 2919.3 Possible Uses of Graphene in Aerospace 3049.4 Stealth Technology 3069.5 Summary 306References 307Index 309