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    Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry

    AvJohn R. Dean

    Inbunden, Engelska, 2019

    959 kr

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    Beskrivning

    A new edition of this practical approach to sampling, experimentation, and applications in the field of inductively coupled plasma spectrometry The second edition of Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry discusses many of the significant developments in the field which have expanded inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry from a useful optical emission spectroscopic technique for trace element analysis into a source for both atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry, capable of detecting elements at sub-ppb (ng mL−1) levels with good accuracy and precision.Comprising nine chapters, this new edition has been fully revised and up-dated in each chapter. It contains information on everything you need to practically know about the different types of instrumentation as well as pre- and post-experimental aspects. Designed to be easily accessible, with a ‘start-to-finish’ approach, each chapter outlines the key practical aspects of a specific aspect of the topic. The author, a noted expert in the field, details specific applications of the techniques presented, including uses in environmental, food and industrial analysis. This edition: Emphasizes the importance of health and safety;Provides advanced information on sample preparation techniques;Presents an updated chapter on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry;Features a new chapter on current and future development in ICP technology and one on practical trouble shooting and routine maintenance.  Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry offers a practical guide that can be used for undergraduate and graduate students in the broad discipline of analytical chemistry, which includes biomedical science, environmental science, food science and forensic science, in both distance and open learning situations. It also provides an excellent reference for those in postgraduate training in these fields.

    Produktinformation

    • Utgivningsdatum:2019-04-19
    • Mått:158 x 231 x 15 mm
    • Vikt:535 g
    • Format:Inbunden
    • Språk:Engelska
    • Antal sidor:248
    • Upplaga:2
    • Förlag:John Wiley & Sons Inc
    • ISBN:9781119478683

    Utforska kategorier

    • Analytisk kemi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

    Mer om författaren

    John R. Dean is Professor of Analytical and Environmental Sciences and Head of Subject (Analytical Sciences), in the Department of Applied Sciences, at Northumbria University where he has worked since 1988. He is a Chartered Scientist, Chartered Chemist, Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and Principal Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. His broad and varied research interests include chemical measurement of potentially harmful elements, persistent organic pollutants and nanomaterials in environmental matrices to assess their human health risk assessment as well as analysis of volatile compounds from pathogenic bacteria for disease identification.

    Innehållsförteckning

    • About the Author xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgements xixAcronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols xxiii1 The Analytical Approach 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Essentials of Practical Work 21.3 Health and Safety 31.4 SI Units and Their Use 41.5 Significant Figures 111.6 Calibration and Quantitative Analysis 121.7 Making Notes of Practical Work and Observations 131.8 Data Analysis 141.9 Data Treatment 171.10 Data Quality 181.11 Data Interpretation and Context 211.12 Analytical Terms and Their Definitions 211.13 Summary 262 Sampling and Storage 272.1 Introduction 272.2 Sampling Soil 282.3 Sampling Water 312.4 Sampling Air 322.5 Sample Storage 342.6 Sample Preservation 362.7 Summary 373 Sample Preparation 393.1 Introduction 393.2 Aqueous Samples 403.2.1 Liquid–Liquid Extraction 403.2.1.1 Procedure for APDC Extraction in to MIBK 423.2.2 Ion Exchange 423.2.2.1 Procedure for Batch Ion Exchange Extraction 433.3 Solid Samples 433.3.1 Decomposition Techniques 453.3.1.1 Procedure for Acid Digestion A 463.3.1.2 Procedure for Acid Digestion B 463.3.1.3 Procedure for Microwave Acid Digestion 493.3.2 Alternate Decomposition Techniques 493.3.2.1 Procedure for Dry Ashing 493.3.2.2 Procedure for Fusion 503.4 Extraction Procedures 513.4.1 Procedure for Extractable Mercury from Soil and Sediment 523.4.2 Procedure for Speciation of Extractable Mercury from Soil and Sediment 523.4.3 Procedure for Arsenic Species Extraction 523.4.4 Single Extraction Methods 573.4.4.1 Procedure for EDTA Extraction 573.4.4.2 Procedure for AA Extraction 583.4.4.3 Procedure for Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (DTPA) Extraction 583.4.4.4 Procedure for Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Extraction 583.4.4.5 Procedure for Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3) Extraction 593.4.4.6 Procedure for Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) Extraction 603.4.5 Sequential Extraction 603.4.5.1 Procedure for Stage 1 Extraction 623.4.5.2 Procedure for Stage 2 Extraction 623.4.5.3 Procedure for Stage 3 Extraction 633.4.6 CISED 633.4.6.1 Procedure for CISED 643.4.7 In Vitro Gastrointestinal Extraction Method 653.4.7.1 Procedure for Gastric Extraction 663.4.7.2 Procedure for Gastric + Intestinal Extraction 673.4.8 In Vitro Simulated Epithelium Lung Fluid Method 673.4.8.1 Procedure for Inhalation Bioaccessibility Extraction 693.5 Summary 69Reference 693.A Extraction Reagents for Single Extraction Methods 703.A.1 Preparation of EDTA, 50 mM 703.A.2 Preparation of AA, 0.43 M 703.A.3 Preparation of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (DTPA), 5 mM 703.A.4 Preparation of Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3), 1 M 703.A.5 Preparation of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), 0.01 M 703.A.6 Preparation of Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3), 0.1 M 713.B Extraction Reagents for the Sequential Extraction Method 713.B.1 Preparation of Solution A (Acetic Acid, 0.11 M) 713.B.2 Preparation of Solution B (Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride or Hydroxyammonium Chloride, 0.5 M) 713.B.3 Preparation of Solution C (Hydrogen Peroxide [300 mg g−1], 8.8 M) 713.B.4 Preparation of Solution D (Ammonium Acetate, 1 M) 713.C Extraction Reagents for the Unified Bioaccessibility Method 723.C.1 Preparation of Simulated Saliva Fluid 723.C.2 Preparation of Simulated Gastric Fluid 723.C.3 Preparation of Simulated Duodenal Fluid 723.C.4 Preparation of Simulated Bile Fluid 733.D Extraction Reagents for the In Vitro SELF 733.D.1 Preparation of SELF 734 Sample Introduction 754.1 Introduction 754.2 Nebulizers 764.3 Spray Chambers and Desolvation Systems 794.4 Discrete Sample Introduction 834.5 Continuous Sample Introduction 874.6 Hydride and Cold‐Vapour Generation Techniques 914.7 Summary 93References 935 The Inductively Coupled Plasma 955.1 Introduction 955.2 Radiofrequency Generators 965.3 Inductively Coupled Plasma Formation and Operation 965.4 Processes Within the ICP 1065.5 Signal Processing and Instrument Control 1065.6 Summary 107References 1086 Inductively Coupled Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectrometry 1096.1 Introduction 1106.2 Fundamentals of Spectroscopy 1106.2.1 Origins of Atomic Spectra 1116.2.2 Spectral Line Intensity 1136.2.3 Spectral Line Broadening 1146.3 Plasma Spectroscopy 1166.4 Spectrometers 1186.4.1 Sequential Spectrometer 1226.4.2 Simultaneous Spectrometers 1226.5 Detectors 1256.5.1 Photomultiplier Tube 1276.5.2 Charge‐Transfer Devices 1286.6 Interferences 1306.7 Summary 131References 1327 Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry 1337.1 Introduction 1337.2 Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry 1347.2.1 Some Terminology 1347.3 Inorganic Mass Spectrometry 1357.3.1 The Ion Source: ICP 1377.3.2 The Interface 1387.4 Mass Spectrometers 1397.4.1 Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer 1407.4.2 High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometers 1427.4.3 Ion‐Trap Mass Spectrometer 1507.4.4 Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometer 1527.5 Detectors 1537.6 Interferences 1567.6.1 Isobaric Interferences 1567.6.2 Molecular Interferences 1587.6.3 Remedies for Molecular Interferences 1617.6.3.1 Charge Transfer 1617.6.3.2 Proton Transfer 1627.6.3.3 Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer 1627.6.3.4 Atom Transfer 1627.6.3.5 Adduct Formation 1627.6.4 Non‐Spectral Interferences: Matrix‐Induced 1647.7 Isotope Dilution Analysis 1657.8 Summary 176References 1768 Inductively Coupled Plasma: Current and Future Developments 1778.1 Introduction 1778.2 Comparison of ICP–AES and ICP–MS 1778.3 Applications 1828.4 Current and Future Developments 1838.4.1 In General, for the ICP 1848.4.2 For ICP–MS 1858.4.3 For ICP–AES 1898.5 Useful Resources 191References 198Further Reading 1989 Inductively Coupled Plasma: Troubleshooting and Maintenance 2019.1 Introduction 2019.2 Diagnostic Issues 2019.3 Tips to Reduce… 2029.3.1 Potential Autosampler Issues 2029.3.2 Contamination 2029.4 Tips to Improve… 2039.4.1 Sample Preparation 2039.5 How To … 2039.5.1 Unblock a Blocked Pneumatic Concentric Nebulizer 2039.5.2 Clean the Spray Chamber 2039.5.3 Clean the Plasma Torch 2049.6 What to do About… 2049.6.1 Plasma Ignition Problems 2049.7 Shut Down Procedure (At the End of the Day) 2049.8 Regular Maintenance Schedule 205The Periodic Table 207SI Units and Physical Constants 209Index 213