The Editors Andrew T. Goldstein is Director of the Centers for Vulvovaginal Disorders and a Clinical Professor at George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. Caroline F. Pukall is Professor and Director of the Sex and Relationship Therapy Service, Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Irwin Goldstein is Director of Sexual Medicine at Alvarado Hospital, Director of San Diego Sexual Medicine, and Clinical Professor of Surgery at University of California San Diego, CA, USA.

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• List of Contributors ix1 Nosology of Pelvic Pain and Vulvodynia 1Tami S. Rowen and Andrew T. Goldstein2 The Prevalence and Relevance of Vulvodynia 9Ruby H.N. Nguyen3 Pathophysiology of Pain: Peripheral and Central 15Melissa A. Farmer4 The Role of Inflammation in Vulvodynia 31David C. Foster5 Neuroproliferative Processes in Vulvodynia 43Jacob Bornstein and Eilam Palzur6 Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction and Structural Processes in Vulvodynia 53Pamela Morrison and Kaitlyn Parrotte7 Hormonal Causes of Dyspareunia 63Andrew T. Goldstein8 Genetic Factors in Vulvodynia 69Steven S. Witkin and Iara M. Linhares9 Central Factors in Vulvodynia 75Ursula Wesselmann and Peter P. Czakanski10 Comorbidities of Vulvodynia 81Nancy A. Phillips and Gloria Bachmann11 Psychosocial Factors in Vulvodynia 87Sophie Bergeron and Natalie O. Rosen12 Pain Assessment in Vulvodynia: Self-report Measures 97Caroline F. Pukall and Stéphanie C. Boyer13 Pain Assessment in Vulvodynia: Objective Measures 103Linda McLean and Caroline F. Pukall14 An Overview of the Evaluation of Dyspareunia, Vulvovaginal Pain, and Pelvic Pain 115Andrew T. Goldstein15 Vulvoscopic Evaluation of Vulvodynia 125Ashley G. Winter and Rachel S. Rubin16 Pelvic Floor Assessment of Vulvodynia 133Stephanie Prendergast and Elizabeth Akincilar17 Psychosocial Assessment of Vulvodynia 143Sophie Bergeron and Natalie O. Rosen18 Neurological Assessment in Genito-pelvic Pain 151Irwin Goldstein and Barry R. Komisaruk19 Diagnostic and Treatment Algorithm for Women with Vulvodynia and Sexual Pain Disorders 157Andrew T. Goldstein20 Medical Treatment of Inflammatory-associated Provoked Vestibulodynia 163Susan Kellogg-Spadt21 Treatment of Neuroproliferative-associated Provoked Vestibulodynia with Topical Medications 171Candace Brown22 Hormonal Factors in Women’s Sexual Pain Disorders 177Irwin Goldstein23 Physical Therapy Treatment of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 185Amy Stein, Dee Hartmann, and Kaitlyn Parrotte24 Treatment of Vulvodynia with Pelvic Floor Muscle Relaxants/Injections 193Andrea M. Avondstondt and Michael S. Ingber25 Psychosocial Treatments for Vulvodynia 201Sophie Bergeron and Natalie O. Rosen26 Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches for the Treatment of Vulvodynia 209Judith M. Schlaeger and Meryl J. Alappattu27 Vulvar Vestibulectomy 219Andrew T. Goldstein28 Vulvovaginitis 227Jack D. Sobel and Paul Nyirjesy29 Vulvar Dermatoses as a Cause of Dyspareunia 239Gail R. Goldstein and Andrew T. Goldstein30 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: The Role of Estrogens and Androgens 251Rachel S. Rubin and James A. Simon31 Female Genital Cutting 261Crista E. Johnson-Agbakwu and Jasmine Abdulcadir32 Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome 273Esther Han, Laura N. Nguyen, Lauren Tennyson, Larry T. Sirls, and Kenneth M. Peters33 The Basic Science of Endometriosis 289Paul Yong34 Endometriosis Treatment 301Catherine Z. Wu, Jordan Klebanoff, and Gaby Moawad35 Chronic Pelvic Pain 313Juliana Taney and Frank Tu36 Postpartum Genito-pelvic Pain 323Jill M. Krapf and Erryn Tappy37 Pudendal Neuralgia 333Richard P. Marvel38 Cancer and Genito-pelvic Pain 349Beverly Long and Areta Bojko39 Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Female Sexual Dysfunction 359Sarah Cigna40 Inability to Experience Penetrative Vaginal Intercourse: Evaluation and Management 367Elke D. Reissing41 Chronic Clitoral Pain and Clitorodynia 375Stephanie M. Radke and Colleen K. Stockdale42 Generalized Unprovoked Vulvodynia 381Ariel Arbel and Ahinoam Lev-Sagie43 Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder 387Robyn Jackowich, Caroline F. Pukall, and Irwin Goldstein44 Fibromyalgia and Female Sexual Pain Disorders 395Mollie Rieff, Sarah Bedell, and Sarah Cigna45 Animal Models of Genito-pelvic Pain 403Megan L. Falsetta, Ronald W. Wood, and David C. Foster46 Patient Advocacy for Vulvodynia 411Phyllis Mate and Lisa Goldstein47 Practical Aspects of Establishing a Vulvovaginal Pain Center 417Sue W. Goldstein48 Editors’ Wish List 423Andrew T. Goldstein, Caroline F. Pukall, and Irwin GoldsteinIndex 429