ABC of Major Trauma

Peter A. Driscoll, Professor and lead for Clinical Anatomy, UCLan, UK. He was previously a Professor, Royal College of Emergency Medicine; Director of the Physician Associate programme, UCLan. Co-founder of the European Trauma Course and the Advanced Life Support Group. Editor and author of several publications and books dealing with various aspects of emergency care and trauma management. David V. Skinner, an author and editor of all editions of the book, now retired, but retaining a strong interest in the development of the care of the injured patient. Previously a Consultant in Emergency Medicine (London and Oxford), Dean of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine, Chair of the ATLS committee (1988-92) and Project executive team Chairman, NICE (responsible for the development and publication of five trauma guidelines (2016)). Peter N. Goode, Consultant in Emergency Medicine, North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. He was formerly a Consultant in Emergency Medicine, Major Trauma Centre Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, while also being a Lead Clinician for the development of the Northern Trauma Network and MTCs in Northeast England and former External Assessor for the Clinical Standards Panel of the Great North Air Ambulance. Member of the ETC development group, former Chair of the ETC education group, Vice Chair of ETC UK and co-editor of the fourth edition of the ETC Course Manual.

• Contributors xForeword xivPreface xvAcknowledgements xviAbbreviations xviiAbout the companion website xxHow to use your textbook xxiSection I General circumstances 11 The development and organisation of trauma services 3David Bramley, Peter N. Goode, Michael Hüpfl and Brian Burns2 Pre- hospital trauma care 13John J. M. Black and Jonathan Howes3 Initial assessment and resuscitation of the trauma patient 30Peter N. Goode, David V. Skinner, Peter A. Driscoll, Ed Norris- Cervetto and Jon Walker4 Role of the trauma nurse 55Rob Way5 Airway management in trauma 64Luke Armstrong and Liza Keating6 Thoracic trauma 74Peter N. Goode, Dion Arbid, Peter A. Driscoll, Sion Barnard and Robert D. Jarman7 Shock and hypovolaemia following trauma 104Ashley Clews, Fiona Lecky and Peter A. Driscoll8 Head trauma 115Peter N. Goode, Alan C. Sweenie, Christopher J. A. Cowie and Helen E. Hastie9 Maxillofacial trauma 137Steve R. Watt- Smith, Sarah J. Wilson and Karen A. Eley10 Eye trauma 151Peter S. Phelan Copyrighted Material11 Ear, nose and throat trauma 158Paul Counter12 Abdominal trauma 167Thomas Hughes, Ben Bloom and Peter A. Driscoll13 Urinary tract trauma 185Alexander West, John Piedad, Lara Hemsworth and Nikhil Vasdev14 Pelvic trauma 194Al Mountain, Simon Scott and James Shelton15 Musculoskeletal trauma 209Paul V. Fearon, Steven Aldridge and Lee Hoggett16 Acute spinal injury 225Nick Todd17 Early imaging in trauma and interventional radiology 250Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll18 Psychological trauma 259P. Amos Simms19 Supporting distressed relatives and breaking bad news 267Chris A. J. McLauchlan20 Transfer of the trauma patient 276Charles Lee21 Rehabilitation of patients with major trauma 289Laura GrahamSection II Special circumstances 29922 Paediatric trauma 301Julie Grice, Jacqueline Hardcastle, Sarah Stibbards and Mike Schofield23 Trauma in pregnancy 332Rebecca S. Black, Deborah J. Harrington, Rosamunde Burns, R. John Elton, Kyle Gibson, Brigid Hayden, Audrey Jeffrey, Dean Kerslake, Darren Walter, Arlene Wise and Kara Dent24 Trauma in the older person 346Charlotte Bates, Laurence Chuter and Jackie Gregson25 Medical problems in trauma 358Thomas Hughes26 Management of severe burn 368Sarah Pape and Angela J. Sollars27 Chemical incidents and secondary contamination risks 383Lorraine Stewart28 Blade, ballistic and blast trauma 393Peter F. Mahoney, John- Joe Reilly and Nabeela S. Malik29 Major incidents. Part 1: The emergency services’ response at the scene 403John J. M. Black, Lizle Blom and James Amos30 Major incidents. Part 2: The hospital’s response 419John J. M. Black, Lizle Blom and Peter A. Driscoll31 Trauma systems in low- and middle- income countries 432Anthony D. RedmondSection III Quality improvement in trauma care 43732 Non- technical skill factors in trauma management 439Laura Duffy, Peter N. Goode and Peter A. Driscoll33 Evaluating the effectiveness of trauma care 450Antoinette Edwards, Laura White and Fiona LeckyImaging appendicesA3 Initial assessment and management of the trauma patient. Imaging appendix: computed tomography overview 50Joshua Lauder and Peter A. DriscollA6 Thoracic trauma imaging appendix 95Joshua Lauder and Peter A. DriscollA8 Head trauma imaging appendix 127Joshua Lauder and Peter A. DriscollA12 Abdominal trauma imaging appendix 178Joshua Lauder and Peter A. DriscollA14 Pelvic trauma imaging appendix 202Joshua Lauder and Peter A. DriscollA15 Musculoskeletal trauma imaging appendix 220Joshua Lauder and Peter A. DriscollA16 Spinal trauma imaging appendix 239Joshua Lauder and Peter A. DriscollA22 Paediatric trauma imaging appendix 320Joshua Lauder, Vivian Tang and Peter A. DriscollAccompanying website chaptersW2 Adult and paediatric pre-hospital equipment check listCharles LeeW3 Initial assessment and management of the trauma patient: the trauma team leader’s assessment of the whole-body computed tomographyAlex Valkov, Joshua Lauder and Peter A. DriscollW6 Thoracic traumaPeter N. Goode, Dion Arbid, Peter A. Driscoll, Sion Barnard and Robert D. JarmanW13 Urinary tract traumaAlexander West, John Piedad, Lara Hemsworth and Nikhil VasdevW14 Pelvic traumaAlistair Mountain, Simon Scott and James SheltonW15 Musculoskeletal traumaPaul V. Fearon, Steven Aldridge and Lee HoggettW17 Early imaging in trauma and interventional radiologyJoshua Lauder and Peter A. DriscollW21 Rehabilitation of patients with major traumaLaura GrahamW22 Paediatric traumaJulie Grice, Jacqueline Hardcastle, Sarah Stibbards and Mike SchofieldW28 Blade, ballistic and blast traumaPeter F. Mahoney, John-Joe Reilly and Nabeela S. MalikW29 Major incidents. Part 1: The emergency services’ responseChristian Cooper and John J. M. BlackW30 Major incidents. Part 2: The hospital’s responseJohn J. M. Black, Lizle Blom and James AmosIndex 455