Irwin L. Goldman, Professor and Chair, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

• Contributors ix1. Mark E. Sorrells: Plant Breeder, Geneticist,Innovator, Mentor 1Alvina Gul, Christine H. Diepenbrock, Flavio Breseghello,Euclydes Minella, Jesse D. Munkvold, Andrew H. Paterson, Lisa Kissing Kucek, Edward Souza, Mauricio La Rota, Long‐Xi Yu, Ju‐Kyung Yu, Zhengqiang Ma, Allen Van Deynze, Jessica Rutkoski, Elliot L. Heffner, Jorge da Silva, and Julio Isidro SanchezI. Biographical Sketch and Background 5II. Research 8III. Mark’s Attributes and Philosophies 20Literature Cited 23Cultivar Release and Germplasm Registration 27Selected Papers of Mark E. Sorrells 282. Onion Breeding 39Michael J. HaveyI. Economic Importance 42II. Botany and Origins 42III. Reproductive Biology and Seed Production 44IV. Population Improvement and Hybrids 45V. Breeding Goals 51VI. Biotechnology 64VII. Future Prospects 67VIII. Personal Refelections 69Disclaimer 71Literature Cited 713. Alternative Experimental Designs for Plant Breeding 87Jared Zystro, Micaela Colley, and Julie DawsonI. Introduction 89II. Principles 90III. Designs 97IV. Conclusions: Choosing an Appropriate Design 112Literature Cited 1144. Advances in DNA Markers and Breeding for Warm‐ and Cool‑Season Turfgrasses 119Karen R. Harris‐Shultz and David JespersenI. Introduction 121II. Warm‐Season Turfgrass 125III. Cool‐Season Turfgrasses 139IV. Future Perspectives 151Acknowledgments 153Literature Cited 1535. Sugar Beet Breeding 167J. Mitchell McGrath and Lee PanellaI. Introduction 168II. Natural History 172III. Genetic Resources 178IV. Breeding Perspectives 180V. Modern Breeding 187VI. Final Remarks 201Acknowledgments 203Literature Cited 2036. The Importance of Cosmetic Stay‑Green in Specialty Crops 219James R. Myers, Mustafa Aljadi, and Linda BrewerI. Introduction 222II. Characteristics of Cosmetic Stay‐Green 225III. Genotypic and Phenotypic Description, and Economic Importance by Plant Family 228IV. Other Crops That May Carry Cosmetic Stay‐Green Mutations 240V. Utility and Importance of Cosmetic Stay‐Green 244VI. Limitations of Stay‐Green 245VII. Prospects and the Need for Further Research 248Acknowledgments 249Literature Cited 2507. Quinoa Breeding and Genomics 257Kevin M. Murphy, Janet B. Matanguihan, Francisco F. Fuentes, Luz Rayda Gómez‐Pando, Eric N. Jellen, Peter J. Maughan, and David E. JarvisI. Introduction 259II. History of Quinoa Breeding 266III. Biology 272IV. Breeding Methods 279V. Breeding Objectives 286Literature Cited 3088. Experimental and Bioinformatics Advances in Crop Genomics 321Ryan M. Patrick and Ying LiI. Introduction 324II. Whole‐Genome Sequencing of Crop Species 326III. Functional Genomics: Profiling the Transcriptome and Epigenome 337IV. Gene Regulatory Network 365V. Conclusion and Outlook 368Acknowledgments 369Literature Cited 369Cumulative Contributor Index 383Cumulative Subject Index 393

Irwin L. Goldman, Professor and Chair, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

• Contributors ix1. Mark E. Sorrells: Plant Breeder, Geneticist,Innovator, Mentor 1Alvina Gul, Christine H. Diepenbrock, Flavio Breseghello,Euclydes Minella, Jesse D. Munkvold, Andrew H. Paterson, Lisa Kissing Kucek, Edward Souza, Mauricio La Rota, Long‐Xi Yu, Ju‐Kyung Yu, Zhengqiang Ma, Allen Van Deynze, Jessica Rutkoski, Elliot L. Heffner, Jorge da Silva, and Julio Isidro SanchezI. Biographical Sketch and Background 5II. Research 8III. Mark’s Attributes and Philosophies 20Literature Cited 23Cultivar Release and Germplasm Registration 27Selected Papers of Mark E. Sorrells 282. Onion Breeding 39Michael J. HaveyI. Economic Importance 42II. Botany and Origins 42III. Reproductive Biology and Seed Production 44IV. Population Improvement and Hybrids 45V. Breeding Goals 51VI. Biotechnology 64VII. Future Prospects 67VIII. Personal Refelections 69Disclaimer 71Literature Cited 713. Alternative Experimental Designs for Plant Breeding 87Jared Zystro, Micaela Colley, and Julie DawsonI. Introduction 89II. Principles 90III. Designs 97IV. Conclusions: Choosing an Appropriate Design 112Literature Cited 1144. Advances in DNA Markers and Breeding for Warm‐ and Cool‑Season Turfgrasses 119Karen R. Harris‐Shultz and David JespersenI. Introduction 121II. Warm‐Season Turfgrass 125III. Cool‐Season Turfgrasses 139IV. Future Perspectives 151Acknowledgments 153Literature Cited 1535. Sugar Beet Breeding 167J. Mitchell McGrath and Lee PanellaI. Introduction 168II. Natural History 172III. Genetic Resources 178IV. Breeding Perspectives 180V. Modern Breeding 187VI. Final Remarks 201Acknowledgments 203Literature Cited 2036. The Importance of Cosmetic Stay‑Green in Specialty Crops 219James R. Myers, Mustafa Aljadi, and Linda BrewerI. Introduction 222II. Characteristics of Cosmetic Stay‐Green 225III. Genotypic and Phenotypic Description, and Economic Importance by Plant Family 228IV. Other Crops That May Carry Cosmetic Stay‐Green Mutations 240V. Utility and Importance of Cosmetic Stay‐Green 244VI. Limitations of Stay‐Green 245VII. Prospects and the Need for Further Research 248Acknowledgments 249Literature Cited 2507. Quinoa Breeding and Genomics 257Kevin M. Murphy, Janet B. Matanguihan, Francisco F. Fuentes, Luz Rayda Gómez‐Pando, Eric N. Jellen, Peter J. Maughan, and David E. JarvisI. Introduction 259II. History of Quinoa Breeding 266III. Biology 272IV. Breeding Methods 279V. Breeding Objectives 286Literature Cited 3088. Experimental and Bioinformatics Advances in Crop Genomics 321Ryan M. Patrick and Ying LiI. Introduction 324II. Whole‐Genome Sequencing of Crop Species 326III. Functional Genomics: Profiling the Transcriptome and Epigenome 337IV. Gene Regulatory Network 365V. Conclusion and Outlook 368Acknowledgments 369Literature Cited 369Cumulative Contributor Index 383Cumulative Subject Index 393

Irwin L. Goldman, Professor and Chair, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

• Contributors ix1. Mark E. Sorrells: Plant Breeder, Geneticist,Innovator, Mentor 1Alvina Gul, Christine H. Diepenbrock, Flavio Breseghello,Euclydes Minella, Jesse D. Munkvold, Andrew H. Paterson, Lisa Kissing Kucek, Edward Souza, Mauricio La Rota, Long‐Xi Yu, Ju‐Kyung Yu, Zhengqiang Ma, Allen Van Deynze, Jessica Rutkoski, Elliot L. Heffner, Jorge da Silva, and Julio Isidro SanchezI. Biographical Sketch and Background 5II. Research 8III. Mark’s Attributes and Philosophies 20Literature Cited 23Cultivar Release and Germplasm Registration 27Selected Papers of Mark E. Sorrells 282. Onion Breeding 39Michael J. HaveyI. Economic Importance 42II. Botany and Origins 42III. Reproductive Biology and Seed Production 44IV. Population Improvement and Hybrids 45V. Breeding Goals 51VI. Biotechnology 64VII. Future Prospects 67VIII. Personal Refelections 69Disclaimer 71Literature Cited 713. Alternative Experimental Designs for Plant Breeding 87Jared Zystro, Micaela Colley, and Julie DawsonI. Introduction 89II. Principles 90III. Designs 97IV. Conclusions: Choosing an Appropriate Design 112Literature Cited 1144. Advances in DNA Markers and Breeding for Warm‐ and Cool‑Season Turfgrasses 119Karen R. Harris‐Shultz and David JespersenI. Introduction 121II. Warm‐Season Turfgrass 125III. Cool‐Season Turfgrasses 139IV. Future Perspectives 151Acknowledgments 153Literature Cited 1535. Sugar Beet Breeding 167J. Mitchell McGrath and Lee PanellaI. Introduction 168II. Natural History 172III. Genetic Resources 178IV. Breeding Perspectives 180V. Modern Breeding 187VI. Final Remarks 201Acknowledgments 203Literature Cited 2036. The Importance of Cosmetic Stay‑Green in Specialty Crops 219James R. Myers, Mustafa Aljadi, and Linda BrewerI. Introduction 222II. Characteristics of Cosmetic Stay‐Green 225III. Genotypic and Phenotypic Description, and Economic Importance by Plant Family 228IV. Other Crops That May Carry Cosmetic Stay‐Green Mutations 240V. Utility and Importance of Cosmetic Stay‐Green 244VI. Limitations of Stay‐Green 245VII. Prospects and the Need for Further Research 248Acknowledgments 249Literature Cited 2507. Quinoa Breeding and Genomics 257Kevin M. Murphy, Janet B. Matanguihan, Francisco F. Fuentes, Luz Rayda Gómez‐Pando, Eric N. Jellen, Peter J. Maughan, and David E. JarvisI. Introduction 259II. History of Quinoa Breeding 266III. Biology 272IV. Breeding Methods 279V. Breeding Objectives 286Literature Cited 3088. Experimental and Bioinformatics Advances in Crop Genomics 321Ryan M. Patrick and Ying LiI. Introduction 324II. Whole‐Genome Sequencing of Crop Species 326III. Functional Genomics: Profiling the Transcriptome and Epigenome 337IV. Gene Regulatory Network 365V. Conclusion and Outlook 368Acknowledgments 369Literature Cited 369Cumulative Contributor Index 383Cumulative Subject Index 393