Teresa A. Meade is Florence B. Sherwood Professor of History and Culture Emerita at Union College in Schenectady, New York. She has focused on integrating issues of gender and ethnicity into the Latin American historical narrative through her teaching and her books, including: A History of Modern Latin America, 1800 to the Present and A Brief History of Brazil, among others. A biography of a woman involved in the sanctuary movement entitled, We Don't Become Refugees by Choice: Survival and Activism from Poland to California, is forthcoming. She is a member of the Editorial Collective of Radical History Review, former president of the Board of Trustees of The Journal of Women's History, and recipient of grants from Fulbright, National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Hadassah Brandeis Institute.Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks is Distinguished Professor of History and Women's and Gender Studies Emerita at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. She is the long-time senior editor of the Sixteenth Century Journal, former editor of the Journal of Global History, and the editor-in-chief of the seven-volume Cambridge World History. She is the author or editor of thirty books and many articles that have appeared in English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Chinese, Turkish, and Korean, and are widely used in teaching around the world, including Gender in History: Global Perspectives and Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. Her research has been supported by grants from the Fulbright and Guggenheim Foundations, among others.

• List of Figures ixAbout the Editors xiContributors xiiiIntroduction 1Teresa A. Meade and Merry E. Wiesner‐HanksPart I Thematic Essays on Gender Issues in World History1 Sexuality 11Robert A. Nye2 Gender and Labor in World History 27Laura Levine Frader3 Structures and Meanings in a Gendered Family History 43Merry E. Wiesner‐Hanks4 The Construction of Gendered Identities in Myth and Ritual 59Darlene M. Juschka5 Gender Rules: Law and Politics 75Susan Kingsley Kent6 Race, Gender, and Other Differences in Feminist Theory 93Deirdre Keenan, with Teresa A. Meade and Merry E. Wiesner‐Hanks7 Gender and Material Culture History 109Meha Priyadarshini8 How Images Got Their Gender: Masculinity and Femininity in the Visual Arts 129Mary D. Sheriff, with Merry E. Wiesner‐Hanks9 Gender, Revolution, and Anti‐Imperialism 151Patricia Acerbi10 Feminist Movements: Gender and Sexual Equality 165Barbara WinslowPart II Chronological and Geographical EssaysEarly Societies (100,000 BCE–1400 CE)11 Gender in the Earliest Human Societies 187Marcia‐Anne Dobres12 Gendered Themes in Early African History 205Raevin Jimenez13 Women and Gender in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures 221Bella Vivante14 Confucian Complexities: China, Korea, Vietnam, and Japan 239Vivian‐Lee Nyitray15 Toward Engendering Early Histories of the Indian Subcontinent: Consolidating Insights and Continuing Challenges 253Kumkum Roy16 Gender in the Ancient Americas: From Earliest Villages to European Colonization 269Rosemary A. Joyce17 Medieval Europe 285Kate Kelsey StaplesGender in Early Modern Society (1400–1750)18 Gender, Science, and Medicine in the Early Modern World 303Meghan K. Roberts19 Bringing the Gender History of Early Modern Southeast Asia into Global Conversations 319Barbara Watson Andaya20 Women, Gender, and Sexuality in the Middle East 335Amy Kallander21 Did Gender Have a Renaissance? Reconsidering Categories in Early Modern Western Europe 351Julie Hardwick22 The Atlantic World 367Allyson M. Poska and Susan D. AmussenGender in the Modern World (1750–1920)23 New Global Imperialism 385Utsa Ray24 Women’s and Gender History in the Middle East and North Africa, 1750–World War I 399Judith E. Tucker25 Gender, Women, and Power in Africa, 1750–1914 415Marcia Wright26 Clash of Cultures: Gender and Colonialism in South and Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand 431Nupur Chaudhuri27 From Private to Public Patriarchy: Women, Labor, and the State in East Asia, 1600–1919 445Anne Walthall28 Gender, Power, and Society in Western Europe, 1750–1914 461Deborah Simonton29 Gender in Russia and Eastern Europe, 1750–1914 479Christine D. Worobec30 Turbulent Times: Gender in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1750–World War I 495Sonya Lipsett‐Rivera31 North America from North of the 49th Parallel 509Linda KealeyGender in the Contemporary World (1920–2020)32 Feminism and Gender Construction in Modern Asia 527Barbara Molony33 African Women since 1918: Gender as a Determinant of Status 545Sean Redding34 The Gender of Modernization and the Modernization of Gender: Latin America and the Caribbean since 1914 561Jocelyn Olcott35 Gender in Russia and Eastern Europe since World War I 577Karen Petrone36 Equality and Difference in the West since World War I: North America, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand 593Charles Sowerwine, with Patricia GrimshawIndex 613

Teresa A. Meade is Florence B. Sherwood Professor of History and Culture Emerita at Union College in Schenectady, New York. She has focused on integrating issues of gender and ethnicity into the Latin American historical narrative through her teaching and her books, including: A History of Modern Latin America, 1800 to the Present and A Brief History of Brazil, among others. A biography of a woman involved in the sanctuary movement entitled, We Don't Become Refugees by Choice: Survival and Activism from Poland to California, is forthcoming. She is a member of the Editorial Collective of Radical History Review, former president of the Board of Trustees of The Journal of Women's History, and recipient of grants from Fulbright, National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Hadassah Brandeis Institute.Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks is Distinguished Professor of History and Women's and Gender Studies Emerita at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. She is the long-time senior editor of the Sixteenth Century Journal, former editor of the Journal of Global History, and the editor-in-chief of the seven-volume Cambridge World History. She is the author or editor of thirty books and many articles that have appeared in English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Chinese, Turkish, and Korean, and are widely used in teaching around the world, including Gender in History: Global Perspectives and Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. Her research has been supported by grants from the Fulbright and Guggenheim Foundations, among others.

• List of Figures ixAbout the Editors xiContributors xiiiIntroduction 1Teresa A. Meade and Merry E. Wiesner‐HanksPart I Thematic Essays on Gender Issues in World History1 Sexuality 11Robert A. Nye2 Gender and Labor in World History 27Laura Levine Frader3 Structures and Meanings in a Gendered Family History 43Merry E. Wiesner‐Hanks4 The Construction of Gendered Identities in Myth and Ritual 59Darlene M. Juschka5 Gender Rules: Law and Politics 75Susan Kingsley Kent6 Race, Gender, and Other Differences in Feminist Theory 93Deirdre Keenan, with Teresa A. Meade and Merry E. Wiesner‐Hanks7 Gender and Material Culture History 109Meha Priyadarshini8 How Images Got Their Gender: Masculinity and Femininity in the Visual Arts 129Mary D. Sheriff, with Merry E. Wiesner‐Hanks9 Gender, Revolution, and Anti‐Imperialism 151Patricia Acerbi10 Feminist Movements: Gender and Sexual Equality 165Barbara WinslowPart II Chronological and Geographical EssaysEarly Societies (100,000 BCE–1400 CE)11 Gender in the Earliest Human Societies 187Marcia‐Anne Dobres12 Gendered Themes in Early African History 205Raevin Jimenez13 Women and Gender in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures 221Bella Vivante14 Confucian Complexities: China, Korea, Vietnam, and Japan 239Vivian‐Lee Nyitray15 Toward Engendering Early Histories of the Indian Subcontinent: Consolidating Insights and Continuing Challenges 253Kumkum Roy16 Gender in the Ancient Americas: From Earliest Villages to European Colonization 269Rosemary A. Joyce17 Medieval Europe 285Kate Kelsey StaplesGender in Early Modern Society (1400–1750)18 Gender, Science, and Medicine in the Early Modern World 303Meghan K. Roberts19 Bringing the Gender History of Early Modern Southeast Asia into Global Conversations 319Barbara Watson Andaya20 Women, Gender, and Sexuality in the Middle East 335Amy Kallander21 Did Gender Have a Renaissance? Reconsidering Categories in Early Modern Western Europe 351Julie Hardwick22 The Atlantic World 367Allyson M. Poska and Susan D. AmussenGender in the Modern World (1750–1920)23 New Global Imperialism 385Utsa Ray24 Women’s and Gender History in the Middle East and North Africa, 1750–World War I 399Judith E. Tucker25 Gender, Women, and Power in Africa, 1750–1914 415Marcia Wright26 Clash of Cultures: Gender and Colonialism in South and Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand 431Nupur Chaudhuri27 From Private to Public Patriarchy: Women, Labor, and the State in East Asia, 1600–1919 445Anne Walthall28 Gender, Power, and Society in Western Europe, 1750–1914 461Deborah Simonton29 Gender in Russia and Eastern Europe, 1750–1914 479Christine D. Worobec30 Turbulent Times: Gender in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1750–World War I 495Sonya Lipsett‐Rivera31 North America from North of the 49th Parallel 509Linda KealeyGender in the Contemporary World (1920–2020)32 Feminism and Gender Construction in Modern Asia 527Barbara Molony33 African Women since 1918: Gender as a Determinant of Status 545Sean Redding34 The Gender of Modernization and the Modernization of Gender: Latin America and the Caribbean since 1914 561Jocelyn Olcott35 Gender in Russia and Eastern Europe since World War I 577Karen Petrone36 Equality and Difference in the West since World War I: North America, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand 593Charles Sowerwine, with Patricia GrimshawIndex 613

Teresa A. Meade is Florence B. Sherwood Professor of History and Culture Emerita at Union College in Schenectady, New York. She has focused on integrating issues of gender and ethnicity into the Latin American historical narrative through her teaching and her books, including: A History of Modern Latin America, 1800 to the Present and A Brief History of Brazil, among others. A biography of a woman involved in the sanctuary movement entitled, We Don't Become Refugees by Choice: Survival and Activism from Poland to California, is forthcoming. She is a member of the Editorial Collective of Radical History Review, former president of the Board of Trustees of The Journal of Women's History, and recipient of grants from Fulbright, National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Hadassah Brandeis Institute.Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks is Distinguished Professor of History and Women's and Gender Studies Emerita at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. She is the long-time senior editor of the Sixteenth Century Journal, former editor of the Journal of Global History, and the editor-in-chief of the seven-volume Cambridge World History. She is the author or editor of thirty books and many articles that have appeared in English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Chinese, Turkish, and Korean, and are widely used in teaching around the world, including Gender in History: Global Perspectives and Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. Her research has been supported by grants from the Fulbright and Guggenheim Foundations, among others.

• List of Figures ixAbout the Editors xiContributors xiiiIntroduction 1Teresa A. Meade and Merry E. Wiesner‐HanksPart I Thematic Essays on Gender Issues in World History1 Sexuality 11Robert A. Nye2 Gender and Labor in World History 27Laura Levine Frader3 Structures and Meanings in a Gendered Family History 43Merry E. Wiesner‐Hanks4 The Construction of Gendered Identities in Myth and Ritual 59Darlene M. Juschka5 Gender Rules: Law and Politics 75Susan Kingsley Kent6 Race, Gender, and Other Differences in Feminist Theory 93Deirdre Keenan, with Teresa A. Meade and Merry E. Wiesner‐Hanks7 Gender and Material Culture History 109Meha Priyadarshini8 How Images Got Their Gender: Masculinity and Femininity in the Visual Arts 129Mary D. Sheriff, with Merry E. Wiesner‐Hanks9 Gender, Revolution, and Anti‐Imperialism 151Patricia Acerbi10 Feminist Movements: Gender and Sexual Equality 165Barbara WinslowPart II Chronological and Geographical EssaysEarly Societies (100,000 BCE–1400 CE)11 Gender in the Earliest Human Societies 187Marcia‐Anne Dobres12 Gendered Themes in Early African History 205Raevin Jimenez13 Women and Gender in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures 221Bella Vivante14 Confucian Complexities: China, Korea, Vietnam, and Japan 239Vivian‐Lee Nyitray15 Toward Engendering Early Histories of the Indian Subcontinent: Consolidating Insights and Continuing Challenges 253Kumkum Roy16 Gender in the Ancient Americas: From Earliest Villages to European Colonization 269Rosemary A. Joyce17 Medieval Europe 285Kate Kelsey StaplesGender in Early Modern Society (1400–1750)18 Gender, Science, and Medicine in the Early Modern World 303Meghan K. Roberts19 Bringing the Gender History of Early Modern Southeast Asia into Global Conversations 319Barbara Watson Andaya20 Women, Gender, and Sexuality in the Middle East 335Amy Kallander21 Did Gender Have a Renaissance? Reconsidering Categories in Early Modern Western Europe 351Julie Hardwick22 The Atlantic World 367Allyson M. Poska and Susan D. AmussenGender in the Modern World (1750–1920)23 New Global Imperialism 385Utsa Ray24 Women’s and Gender History in the Middle East and North Africa, 1750–World War I 399Judith E. Tucker25 Gender, Women, and Power in Africa, 1750–1914 415Marcia Wright26 Clash of Cultures: Gender and Colonialism in South and Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand 431Nupur Chaudhuri27 From Private to Public Patriarchy: Women, Labor, and the State in East Asia, 1600–1919 445Anne Walthall28 Gender, Power, and Society in Western Europe, 1750–1914 461Deborah Simonton29 Gender in Russia and Eastern Europe, 1750–1914 479Christine D. Worobec30 Turbulent Times: Gender in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1750–World War I 495Sonya Lipsett‐Rivera31 North America from North of the 49th Parallel 509Linda KealeyGender in the Contemporary World (1920–2020)32 Feminism and Gender Construction in Modern Asia 527Barbara Molony33 African Women since 1918: Gender as a Determinant of Status 545Sean Redding34 The Gender of Modernization and the Modernization of Gender: Latin America and the Caribbean since 1914 561Jocelyn Olcott35 Gender in Russia and Eastern Europe since World War I 577Karen Petrone36 Equality and Difference in the West since World War I: North America, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand 593Charles Sowerwine, with Patricia GrimshawIndex 613