Bas Aarts is Professor of English Linguistics and Director of the Survey of English Usage at University College London, UK. His recent publications include Syntactic Gradience (2007), Oxford Modern English Grammar (2011), the Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, second edition (with S. Chalker and E. Weiner, 2014), How to Teach Grammar (with I. Cushing and R. Hudson, 2019) and the Oxford Handbook of English Grammar (with J. Bowie and G. Popova, 2020). He is a founding editor of the journal English Language and Linguistics. April McMahon is Vice-President for Teaching, Learning and Students at the University of Manchester, UK, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the British Academy, and the Learned Society of Wales. She is author of Understanding Language Change (1994) and An Introduction to English Phonology (Second Edition, 2020), and has published extensively on the historical phonology of English, language family relationships, and evolutionary linguistics. Lars Hinrichs is Associate Professor of English Language and Linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin, USA. He specializes in research on varieties of English around the world and corpus linguistics. He directs the Texas English Linguistics Lab, which studies variation and change in Texas English.

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• Notes on Contributors ix1 Introduction 1Lars Hinrichs, Bas Aarts, and April McMahonSection 1: Methodology 52 Description and Theory 7Kersti Börjars3 English Corpus Linguistics 29Benedikt Szmrecsanyi and Laura Rosseel4 Experimental Approaches 45Lauren Squires5 English Grammar Writing 63Andrew R. Linn6 Data Collection 81Charles F. Meyer and Gerald NelsonSection 2: Syntax 1037 English Word Classes and Phrases 105Bas Aarts and Liliane Haegeman8 Clause Types 131Peter Collins9 Complements and Adjuncts 145Alexander Bergs10 Tense in English 163Laura A. Michaelis11 Aspect and Aspectuality 183Robert I. Binnick12 Mood and Modality in English 207Ilse Depraetere and Susan Reed13 Information Structure 229Martin Hilpert14 Current Changes in English Syntax 249Christian Mair and Geoffrey N. Leech15 Constructions in English Grammar 277Hans C. Boas16 Syntactic Variation in English: A Global Perspective 299Bernd KortmannSection 3: Phonetics and Phonology 32317 English Phonetics 325Jennifer Nycz18 English Phonology and Morphology 345Samuel K. Ahmed, Samuel Andersson, and Bert Vaux19 Prosodic Phonology 365Michael Hammond20 Intonation 385Francis Nolan21 Phonological Variation: A Global Perspective 407Paul FoulkesSection 4: Lexis and Morphology 44122 English Words 443Donka Minkova and Robert Stockwell23 Compounds and Minor Word‐Formation Types 463Laurie Bauer24 Productivity 483Ingo Plag25 Lexical Semantics 501Éva Kardos26 English Lexicography: A Global Perspective 525Stefan DollingerSection 5: Discourse, Styles, and Usage 54727 Speaking and Writing English 549Jim Miller and Andreea S. Calude28 English on Social Media 569Brook Bolander29 Gender, Sexuality, and the English Language 585Evan Hazenberg30 Language and Literature: Stylistics 601Peter Stockwell31 English Usage: Prescription and Description 615Pam Peters32 Mobility and the English Language 637Amelia Tseng and Lars HinrichsIndex 653

Bas Aarts is Professor of English Linguistics and Director of the Survey of English Usage at University College London, UK. His recent publications include Syntactic Gradience (2007), Oxford Modern English Grammar (2011), the Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, second edition (with S. Chalker and E. Weiner, 2014), How to Teach Grammar (with I. Cushing and R. Hudson, 2019) and the Oxford Handbook of English Grammar (with J. Bowie and G. Popova, 2020). He is a founding editor of the journal English Language and Linguistics. April McMahon is Vice-President for Teaching, Learning and Students at the University of Manchester, UK, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the British Academy, and the Learned Society of Wales. She is author of Understanding Language Change (1994) and An Introduction to English Phonology (Second Edition, 2020), and has published extensively on the historical phonology of English, language family relationships, and evolutionary linguistics. Lars Hinrichs is Associate Professor of English Language and Linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin, USA. He specializes in research on varieties of English around the world and corpus linguistics. He directs the Texas English Linguistics Lab, which studies variation and change in Texas English.

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• Notes on Contributors ix1 Introduction 1Lars Hinrichs, Bas Aarts, and April McMahonSection 1: Methodology 52 Description and Theory 7Kersti Börjars3 English Corpus Linguistics 29Benedikt Szmrecsanyi and Laura Rosseel4 Experimental Approaches 45Lauren Squires5 English Grammar Writing 63Andrew R. Linn6 Data Collection 81Charles F. Meyer and Gerald NelsonSection 2: Syntax 1037 English Word Classes and Phrases 105Bas Aarts and Liliane Haegeman8 Clause Types 131Peter Collins9 Complements and Adjuncts 145Alexander Bergs10 Tense in English 163Laura A. Michaelis11 Aspect and Aspectuality 183Robert I. Binnick12 Mood and Modality in English 207Ilse Depraetere and Susan Reed13 Information Structure 229Martin Hilpert14 Current Changes in English Syntax 249Christian Mair and Geoffrey N. Leech15 Constructions in English Grammar 277Hans C. Boas16 Syntactic Variation in English: A Global Perspective 299Bernd KortmannSection 3: Phonetics and Phonology 32317 English Phonetics 325Jennifer Nycz18 English Phonology and Morphology 345Samuel K. Ahmed, Samuel Andersson, and Bert Vaux19 Prosodic Phonology 365Michael Hammond20 Intonation 385Francis Nolan21 Phonological Variation: A Global Perspective 407Paul FoulkesSection 4: Lexis and Morphology 44122 English Words 443Donka Minkova and Robert Stockwell23 Compounds and Minor Word‐Formation Types 463Laurie Bauer24 Productivity 483Ingo Plag25 Lexical Semantics 501Éva Kardos26 English Lexicography: A Global Perspective 525Stefan DollingerSection 5: Discourse, Styles, and Usage 54727 Speaking and Writing English 549Jim Miller and Andreea S. Calude28 English on Social Media 569Brook Bolander29 Gender, Sexuality, and the English Language 585Evan Hazenberg30 Language and Literature: Stylistics 601Peter Stockwell31 English Usage: Prescription and Description 615Pam Peters32 Mobility and the English Language 637Amelia Tseng and Lars HinrichsIndex 653

Bas Aarts is Professor of English Linguistics and Director of the Survey of English Usage at University College London, UK. His recent publications include Syntactic Gradience (2007), Oxford Modern English Grammar (2011), the Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, second edition (with S. Chalker and E. Weiner, 2014), How to Teach Grammar (with I. Cushing and R. Hudson, 2019) and the Oxford Handbook of English Grammar (with J. Bowie and G. Popova, 2020). He is a founding editor of the journal English Language and Linguistics. April McMahon is Vice-President for Teaching, Learning and Students at the University of Manchester, UK, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the British Academy, and the Learned Society of Wales. She is author of Understanding Language Change (1994) and An Introduction to English Phonology (Second Edition, 2020), and has published extensively on the historical phonology of English, language family relationships, and evolutionary linguistics. Lars Hinrichs is Associate Professor of English Language and Linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin, USA. He specializes in research on varieties of English around the world and corpus linguistics. He directs the Texas English Linguistics Lab, which studies variation and change in Texas English.

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• Notes on Contributors ix1 Introduction 1Lars Hinrichs, Bas Aarts, and April McMahonSection 1: Methodology 52 Description and Theory 7Kersti Börjars3 English Corpus Linguistics 29Benedikt Szmrecsanyi and Laura Rosseel4 Experimental Approaches 45Lauren Squires5 English Grammar Writing 63Andrew R. Linn6 Data Collection 81Charles F. Meyer and Gerald NelsonSection 2: Syntax 1037 English Word Classes and Phrases 105Bas Aarts and Liliane Haegeman8 Clause Types 131Peter Collins9 Complements and Adjuncts 145Alexander Bergs10 Tense in English 163Laura A. Michaelis11 Aspect and Aspectuality 183Robert I. Binnick12 Mood and Modality in English 207Ilse Depraetere and Susan Reed13 Information Structure 229Martin Hilpert14 Current Changes in English Syntax 249Christian Mair and Geoffrey N. Leech15 Constructions in English Grammar 277Hans C. Boas16 Syntactic Variation in English: A Global Perspective 299Bernd KortmannSection 3: Phonetics and Phonology 32317 English Phonetics 325Jennifer Nycz18 English Phonology and Morphology 345Samuel K. Ahmed, Samuel Andersson, and Bert Vaux19 Prosodic Phonology 365Michael Hammond20 Intonation 385Francis Nolan21 Phonological Variation: A Global Perspective 407Paul FoulkesSection 4: Lexis and Morphology 44122 English Words 443Donka Minkova and Robert Stockwell23 Compounds and Minor Word‐Formation Types 463Laurie Bauer24 Productivity 483Ingo Plag25 Lexical Semantics 501Éva Kardos26 English Lexicography: A Global Perspective 525Stefan DollingerSection 5: Discourse, Styles, and Usage 54727 Speaking and Writing English 549Jim Miller and Andreea S. Calude28 English on Social Media 569Brook Bolander29 Gender, Sexuality, and the English Language 585Evan Hazenberg30 Language and Literature: Stylistics 601Peter Stockwell31 English Usage: Prescription and Description 615Pam Peters32 Mobility and the English Language 637Amelia Tseng and Lars HinrichsIndex 653