Phosphors for Radiation Detectors

Edited byTakayuki Yanagida, PhD, is Professor at the Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology in Japan. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Tokyo. His research interests include inorganic crystal, transparent ceramic, and glass phosphors. Masanori Koshimizu is Associate Professor at the Graduate School of Engineering at Tohoku University. He has authored over 160 papers in the fields of Applied Chemistry and Quantum Physical Chemistry Series Editors Arthur Willoughby University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Peter Capper Ex-Leonardo MW Ltd, Southampton, UK Safa Kasap University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

• List of Contributors xiPreface xiiiSeries Preface xv1 Ionizing Radiation Induced Luminescence 1Takayuki Yanagida1.1 Introduction 11.2 Interactions of Ionizing Radiation with Matter 31.3 Scintillation 41.4 Ionizing Radiation Induced Storage Luminescence 181.5 Relationship of Scintillation and Storage Luminescence 261.6 Common Characterization Techniques of Ionizing Radiation Induced Luminescence Properties 29References 352 Organic Scintillators 39Masanori Koshimizu2.1 Introduction 392.2 Basic Electronic Processes in Organic Scintillators 402.3 Liquid Scintillators 512.4 Organic Crystalline Scintillators 542.5 Plastic Scintillators 552.6 Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Scintillators 59References 613 Inorganic Oxide Scintillators 67Daisuke Nakauchi, Noriaki Kawaguchi, and Takayuki Yanagida3.1 Introduction 673.2 Crystal Growth 673.3 Outlines of Oxide Scintillators 703.4 Silicate Materials 733.5 Garnet Materials 773.6 Perovskite Materials 823.7 Materials with Intrinsic Luminescence 83References 854 Inorganic Fluoride Scintillators 91Noriaki Kawaguchi, Hiromi Kimura, Daisuke Nakauchi, Takumi Kato, and Takayuki Yanagida4.1 Introduction 914.2 Crystal Growth of Fluorides 944.3 Outline of Fluoride Scintillators 1004.4 Fluoride Scintillators for γ-Ray Detection 1014.5 Fluoride Scintillators for Neutron Detection 1064.6 Fluoride Scintillators for Charged Particle Detection 113References 1175 Inorganic Halide Scintillators 121Yutaka Fujimoto5.1 Introduction: History of Inorganic Halide Scintillator Research and Development 1215.2 Characteristics of Halide Materials 1225.3 Basic Techniques for Halide Scintillation Crystal Growth 1255.4 Novel Ternary and Quaternary Halide Scintillators 1275.5 Mixed-Anion Halide Scintillators 1355.6 Next Generation of Halide Scintillators 1375.6.1 Hf-and Tl-BasedHalide Scintillators 137References 1416 Semiconductor Scintillators 147Naoki Kawano6.1 Introduction 1476.2 Photoluminescence and Scintillation Mechanisms in Semiconductors 1496.3 Various Semiconductor Scintillators 1546.4 Quantum Size Effect 1616.5 Organic–Inorganic Perovskite-Type Compounds 165References 1787 Thermally Stimulated Luminescent (TSL) Materials 181Kiyomitsu Shinsho7.1 Introduction 1817.2 TSL Phenomenon 1847.3 TSL Materials: Fluoride, Oxides, Sulfates, and Borate 1907.4 TSL Dosimetric Properties for Photons, Charged Particles, and Neutrons 2067.5 Two-Dimensional (2-D) TSL Dosimetry 214References 2208 Optically-Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeters 225Hidehito Nanto and Go Okada8.1 Introduction 2258.2 Principles of OSL Phenomenon 2268.3 OSL Materials and Dosimeters 2358.4 Applications of OSL 2398.5 Future Perspective 242References 2439 Radiophotoluminescence (RPL) 247Go Okada, Takayuki Yanagida, Hidehito Nanto, and Safa Kasap9.1 Introduction 2479.2 RPL Phenomenon and the Definition 2489.3 RPL Materials and Applications 2499.4 Conclusions 278References 27810 New Materials for Radiation Detectors: Transparent Ceramics 283Takumi Kato, Noriaki Kawaguchi, and Takayuki Yanagida10.1 Introduction of Transparent Ceramic Materials 28310.2 Preparation Methodology 28710.3 Transparent Materials 29210.4 Transparent Ceramic Scintillator 29310.5 Transparent Ceramics for Dosimeter 300References 30611 Luminescence in Glass-Based Materials by Ionizing Radiation 311Hirokazu Masai and Kenji Shinozaki11.1 Introduction 31111.2 Structural and Physical Properties of Glass 31211.3 Attenuation of Quantum Beam as Shielding Materials 32011.4 Defect Formation in Oxide Glass by Quantum Beam Irradiation 32011.5 Scintillation in Oxide Glass 32311.6 Scintillation and Dosimetry in Non-oxide Glass 32911.7 Preparation of Glass 33511.8 Future Prospectives for Glass-Based Materials 338Acknowledgement 339References 33912 Detectors Using Radiation Induced Luminescence 347Kenichi Watanabe12.1 Introduction 34712.2 General Issues to Manufacturing the Detector 34912.3 Scintillation Detectors for Gamma-Rays and X-Rays 35212.4 Scintillation Detectors for Charged Particles 36612.5 Scintillation Detectors for Neutrons 36812.6 Personal Dosimeters 38012.7 OSL-Based Imaging System 383References 384Index 387