Gavriel Salvendy, PhD, is University Distinguished Professor at the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida, Founding President of the Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine of Florida, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). He is also Professor Emeritus of Industrial Engineering at Purdue University and Chair Professor Emeritus and Founding Head of the Department of Industrial Engineering at Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China. Waldemar Karwowski, PhD, is Pegasus Professor and Chairman of the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems and Executive Director of the Institute for Advanced Systems Engineering at the University of Central Florida. He is a Past President of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and a Past President of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA). He is the recipient of three Honorary Doctorates from three countries.

Review of the fifth edition by Thomas B. Sheridan, Ford Professor Emeritus of Engineering and Applied Psychology, MassachusettsInstitute of TechnologyThe fifth edition of the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics is the most authoritative and comprehensive reference work in the field.Review of the fourth edition and comment on the fifth edition by Donald A. Norman, Director and Co-Founder, University of California, San Diego Design Lab.I’m often asked for reading suggestions, especially for references to the literature on Human Factors and Ergonomics. In the past few months, I have been reading chapters of one book that has it all: Gavriel Salvendy’s massive tome, the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics. The articles are all excellent. They all reflect up-to-date reviews of the areas they cover. They are wonderful self-study material, wonderful references, and would make excellent material in multiple courses. Consider it as essential piece of professional equipment. If you don’t know human factors, this is a great way to find the parts relevant to your work. And even if you are an expert, this book will be valuable because it is unlikely that you are expert at all the topics covered here, yet very likely you will need some of the ones you are not (yet) expert at. I follow my own advice. I consider myself an expert (I am a Fellow of the Human Factors Society), but I still learn each time I read from these pages. The 5th edition has new – and very important – chapters written by the authorities in each topic. It has kept up with the times and become even more valuable as both a text and a reference.From the Foreword to the second edition by John F. Smith, Jr., Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer andPresident, General Motors CorporationThe publication of this second Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics is very timely. It is a comprehensive guide that contains practical knowledge and technical background on virtually all aspects of physical, cognitive, and social ergonomics. As such, it can be a valuable source of information for any individual or organization committed to providing competitive, high-quality products and safe, productive work environments.From the Foreword to the first edition by E. M. Estes, Retired President, General Motors CorporationRegardless of what phase of the economy a person is involved in, this handbook is a very useful tool. Every area of human factors from environmental conditions and motivation to the use of new communications systems, robotics, and business systems is well covered in the handbook by experts in every field.

• About the Editors ixContributors xiForeword xxiPreface xxiii1. Human Factors Function 11. The Discipline of Human Factors and Ergonomics 3Waldemar Karwowski and Wei Zhang2. Human Systems Integration and Design 38Guy A. Boy2. Human Factors Fundamentals 553. Sensation and Perception 57Robert W. Proctor and Janet D. Proctor4. Selection and Control of Action 91Robert W. Proctor and Kim-Phuong L. Vu5. Information Processing 114Christopher D. Wickens and C. Melody Carswell6. Decision-Making Models, Decision Support, and Problem Solving 159Mark R. Lehto and Gaurav Nanda7. Mental Workload 203G.M. Hancock, L. Longo, M.S. Young, and P.A. Hancock8. Social and Organizational Foundation of Ergonomics: Multi-Level Systems Approaches 227Pascale Carayon9. Emotional Design 236Feng Zhou, Yangjian Ji, and Roger Jianxin Jiao10. Cross-Cultural Design 252Tom Plocher, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau, Yee-Yin Choong, and Zhi Guo3. Design of Equipment, Tasks, Jobs, and Environments 28111. Three-Dimensional (3D) Anthropometry and Its Applications in Product Design 283Liang Ma and Jianwei Niu12. Basic Biomechanics and Workplace Design 303William S. Marras and Waldemar Karwowski13. The Changing Nature of Task Analysis 358Erik Hollnagel14. Workplace Design 368Nicolas Marmaras and Dimitris Nathanael15. Job and Team Design 383Frederick P. Morgeson and Michael A. Campion16. Design, Delivery, Evaluation, and Transfer of Effective Training Systems 414Tiffany M. Bisbey, Rebecca Grossman, Kareem Panton, Chris W. Coultas, and Eduardo Salas17. Situation Awareness 434Mica R. Endsley4. Design for Health, Safety, and Comfort 45718. Sound and Noise: Measurement and Design Guidance 459John G. Casali19. Vibration and Motion 494Neil J. Mansfield and Michael J. Griffin20. Human Errors and Human Reliability 514Peng Liu, Renyou Zhang, Zijian Yin, and Zhizhong Li21. Occupational Safety and Health Management 573Jeanne Mager Stellman, Sonalee Rau, and Pratik Thaker22. Managing low-Back Disorder Risk in the Workplace 597William S. Marras and Waldemar Karwowski23. Manual Materials Handling: Evaluation and Practical Considerations 630Fadi A. Fathallah and Ira Janowitz24. Warnings and Hazard Communications 644Michael S. Wogalter, Christopher B. Mayhorn, and Kenneth R. Laughery, Sr.25. Use of Personal Protective Equipment 668Grażyna Bartkowiak, Krzysztof Baszczyński, Anna Bogdan, Agnieszka Brochocka, Anna Dąbrowska, Rafał Hrynyk, Emilia Irzmańska, Danuta Koradecka, Emil Kozłowski, Katarzyna Majchrzycka, Krzysztof Makowski, Anna Marszałek, Magdalena Młynarczyk, Rafał Młyński, Grzegorz Owczarek, and Janżera5. Human Performance Modeling 68526. Mathematical Modeling in Human–Machine System Design and Evaluation 687Changxu Wu and Yili Liu27. Modeling and Simulation of Human Systems 704Gunther E. Paul28. Human Supervisory Control of Automation 736Thomas B. Sheridan29. Digital Human Modeling in Design 761Vincent G. Duffy30. Extended Reality (XR) Environments 782Kay M. Stanney, Hannah Nye, Sam Haddad, Kelly S. Hale, Christina K. Padron, and Joseph V. Cohn31. Neuroergonomics 816Hasan Ayaz and Frédéric Dehais6. System Evaluation 84332. Accident and Incident Investigation 845Patrick G. Dempsey33. Human Factors and Ergonomics Audits 853Colin G. Drury and Patrick G. Dempsey34. Cost/Benefit Analysis for Human Systems Investments 880William B. Rouse and Dennis K. McBride7. Human–Computer Interaction 89335. Data Visualization 895Sumanta N. Pattanaik and R. Paul Wiegand36. Representation Design 947John M. Flach, Kevin B. Bennett, Jonathan W. Butler, and Michael A. Heroux37. Collecting and Analyzing User Insights 960Matthias Peissner, Kathrin Pollmann, and Nora Fronemann38. Usability and User Experience: Design and Evaluation 972James R. Lewis and Jeff Sauro39. Website Design and Evaluation 1016Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Robert W. Proctor, and Ya-Hsin Hung40. Mobile Systems Design and Evaluation 1037June Wei and Siyi Dong41. Human Factors in Ambient Intelligence Environments 1058Constantine Stephanidis, Margherita Antona, and Stavroula Ntoa42. Human-Centered Design of Artificial Intelligence 1085George Margetis, Stavroula Ntoa, Margherita Antona, and Constantine Stephanidis43. Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Trust 1107Abbas Moallem44. Human–Robot Interaction 1121Jessie Y.C. Chen and Michael J. Barnes45. Human Factors in Social Media 1143Qin Gao and Yue Chen8. Design for Individual Differences 118746. Design for All in Digital Technologies 1189Constantine Stephanidis47. Design for People Experiencing Functional Limitations 1216Gregg C. Vanderheiden, J. Bern Jordan, and Jonathan Lazar48. Design for Aging 1249Jia Zhou and Qin Gao49. Design of Digital Technologies for Children 1287Panos Markopoulos, Janet C. Read, and Michail Giannakos9. Selected Applications 130550. Human Factors and Ergonomics Standards 1307Waldemar Karwowski, Redha Taiar, David Rodrick, Bohdana Sherehiy, and Robert R. Fox51. Data Analytics in Human Factors 1351Matt Holman, Guy Walker, Melissa Bedinger, Annie Visser-Quinn, Kerri McClymont, Lindsay Beevers, and Terry Lansdown52. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Design of A3: Automation, Autonomy, and Artificial Intelligence 1385Ben D. Sawyer, Dave B. Miller, Matthew Canham, and Waldemar Karwowski53. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 1417Pascale Carayon, Kathryn Wust, Bat-Zion Hose, and Megan E. Salwei54. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Digital Manufacturing 1438Dieter Spath and Martin Braun55. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Aviation 1460Steven J. Landry56. Human Side of Space Exploration and Habitation 1480Kevin R. Duda, Dava J. Newman, Joanna Zhang, Nicolas Meirhaeghe, and H. Larissa Zhou57. Human Factors and Ergonomics for Sustainability 1512Klaus Fischer, Andrew Thatcher, and Klaus J. ZinkIndex 1529

Gavriel Salvendy, PhD, is University Distinguished Professor at the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida, Founding President of the Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine of Florida, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). He is also Professor Emeritus of Industrial Engineering at Purdue University and Chair Professor Emeritus and Founding Head of the Department of Industrial Engineering at Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China. Waldemar Karwowski, PhD, is Pegasus Professor and Chairman of the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems and Executive Director of the Institute for Advanced Systems Engineering at the University of Central Florida. He is a Past President of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and a Past President of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA). He is the recipient of three Honorary Doctorates from three countries.

Review of the fifth edition by Thomas B. Sheridan, Ford Professor Emeritus of Engineering and Applied Psychology, MassachusettsInstitute of TechnologyThe fifth edition of the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics is the most authoritative and comprehensive reference work in the field.Review of the fourth edition and comment on the fifth edition by Donald A. Norman, Director and Co-Founder, University of California, San Diego Design Lab.I’m often asked for reading suggestions, especially for references to the literature on Human Factors and Ergonomics. In the past few months, I have been reading chapters of one book that has it all: Gavriel Salvendy’s massive tome, the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics. The articles are all excellent. They all reflect up-to-date reviews of the areas they cover. They are wonderful self-study material, wonderful references, and would make excellent material in multiple courses. Consider it as essential piece of professional equipment. If you don’t know human factors, this is a great way to find the parts relevant to your work. And even if you are an expert, this book will be valuable because it is unlikely that you are expert at all the topics covered here, yet very likely you will need some of the ones you are not (yet) expert at. I follow my own advice. I consider myself an expert (I am a Fellow of the Human Factors Society), but I still learn each time I read from these pages. The 5th edition has new – and very important – chapters written by the authorities in each topic. It has kept up with the times and become even more valuable as both a text and a reference.From the Foreword to the second edition by John F. Smith, Jr., Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer andPresident, General Motors CorporationThe publication of this second Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics is very timely. It is a comprehensive guide that contains practical knowledge and technical background on virtually all aspects of physical, cognitive, and social ergonomics. As such, it can be a valuable source of information for any individual or organization committed to providing competitive, high-quality products and safe, productive work environments.From the Foreword to the first edition by E. M. Estes, Retired President, General Motors CorporationRegardless of what phase of the economy a person is involved in, this handbook is a very useful tool. Every area of human factors from environmental conditions and motivation to the use of new communications systems, robotics, and business systems is well covered in the handbook by experts in every field.

• About the Editors ixContributors xiForeword xxiPreface xxiii1. Human Factors Function 11. The Discipline of Human Factors and Ergonomics 3Waldemar Karwowski and Wei Zhang2. Human Systems Integration and Design 38Guy A. Boy2. Human Factors Fundamentals 553. Sensation and Perception 57Robert W. Proctor and Janet D. Proctor4. Selection and Control of Action 91Robert W. Proctor and Kim-Phuong L. Vu5. Information Processing 114Christopher D. Wickens and C. Melody Carswell6. Decision-Making Models, Decision Support, and Problem Solving 159Mark R. Lehto and Gaurav Nanda7. Mental Workload 203G.M. Hancock, L. Longo, M.S. Young, and P.A. Hancock8. Social and Organizational Foundation of Ergonomics: Multi-Level Systems Approaches 227Pascale Carayon9. Emotional Design 236Feng Zhou, Yangjian Ji, and Roger Jianxin Jiao10. Cross-Cultural Design 252Tom Plocher, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau, Yee-Yin Choong, and Zhi Guo3. Design of Equipment, Tasks, Jobs, and Environments 28111. Three-Dimensional (3D) Anthropometry and Its Applications in Product Design 283Liang Ma and Jianwei Niu12. Basic Biomechanics and Workplace Design 303William S. Marras and Waldemar Karwowski13. The Changing Nature of Task Analysis 358Erik Hollnagel14. Workplace Design 368Nicolas Marmaras and Dimitris Nathanael15. Job and Team Design 383Frederick P. Morgeson and Michael A. Campion16. Design, Delivery, Evaluation, and Transfer of Effective Training Systems 414Tiffany M. Bisbey, Rebecca Grossman, Kareem Panton, Chris W. Coultas, and Eduardo Salas17. Situation Awareness 434Mica R. Endsley4. Design for Health, Safety, and Comfort 45718. Sound and Noise: Measurement and Design Guidance 459John G. Casali19. Vibration and Motion 494Neil J. Mansfield and Michael J. Griffin20. Human Errors and Human Reliability 514Peng Liu, Renyou Zhang, Zijian Yin, and Zhizhong Li21. Occupational Safety and Health Management 573Jeanne Mager Stellman, Sonalee Rau, and Pratik Thaker22. Managing low-Back Disorder Risk in the Workplace 597William S. Marras and Waldemar Karwowski23. Manual Materials Handling: Evaluation and Practical Considerations 630Fadi A. Fathallah and Ira Janowitz24. Warnings and Hazard Communications 644Michael S. Wogalter, Christopher B. Mayhorn, and Kenneth R. Laughery, Sr.25. Use of Personal Protective Equipment 668Grażyna Bartkowiak, Krzysztof Baszczyński, Anna Bogdan, Agnieszka Brochocka, Anna Dąbrowska, Rafał Hrynyk, Emilia Irzmańska, Danuta Koradecka, Emil Kozłowski, Katarzyna Majchrzycka, Krzysztof Makowski, Anna Marszałek, Magdalena Młynarczyk, Rafał Młyński, Grzegorz Owczarek, and Janżera5. Human Performance Modeling 68526. Mathematical Modeling in Human–Machine System Design and Evaluation 687Changxu Wu and Yili Liu27. Modeling and Simulation of Human Systems 704Gunther E. Paul28. Human Supervisory Control of Automation 736Thomas B. Sheridan29. Digital Human Modeling in Design 761Vincent G. Duffy30. Extended Reality (XR) Environments 782Kay M. Stanney, Hannah Nye, Sam Haddad, Kelly S. Hale, Christina K. Padron, and Joseph V. Cohn31. Neuroergonomics 816Hasan Ayaz and Frédéric Dehais6. System Evaluation 84332. Accident and Incident Investigation 845Patrick G. Dempsey33. Human Factors and Ergonomics Audits 853Colin G. Drury and Patrick G. Dempsey34. Cost/Benefit Analysis for Human Systems Investments 880William B. Rouse and Dennis K. McBride7. Human–Computer Interaction 89335. Data Visualization 895Sumanta N. Pattanaik and R. Paul Wiegand36. Representation Design 947John M. Flach, Kevin B. Bennett, Jonathan W. Butler, and Michael A. Heroux37. Collecting and Analyzing User Insights 960Matthias Peissner, Kathrin Pollmann, and Nora Fronemann38. Usability and User Experience: Design and Evaluation 972James R. Lewis and Jeff Sauro39. Website Design and Evaluation 1016Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Robert W. Proctor, and Ya-Hsin Hung40. Mobile Systems Design and Evaluation 1037June Wei and Siyi Dong41. Human Factors in Ambient Intelligence Environments 1058Constantine Stephanidis, Margherita Antona, and Stavroula Ntoa42. Human-Centered Design of Artificial Intelligence 1085George Margetis, Stavroula Ntoa, Margherita Antona, and Constantine Stephanidis43. Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Trust 1107Abbas Moallem44. Human–Robot Interaction 1121Jessie Y.C. Chen and Michael J. Barnes45. Human Factors in Social Media 1143Qin Gao and Yue Chen8. Design for Individual Differences 118746. Design for All in Digital Technologies 1189Constantine Stephanidis47. Design for People Experiencing Functional Limitations 1216Gregg C. Vanderheiden, J. Bern Jordan, and Jonathan Lazar48. Design for Aging 1249Jia Zhou and Qin Gao49. Design of Digital Technologies for Children 1287Panos Markopoulos, Janet C. Read, and Michail Giannakos9. Selected Applications 130550. Human Factors and Ergonomics Standards 1307Waldemar Karwowski, Redha Taiar, David Rodrick, Bohdana Sherehiy, and Robert R. Fox51. Data Analytics in Human Factors 1351Matt Holman, Guy Walker, Melissa Bedinger, Annie Visser-Quinn, Kerri McClymont, Lindsay Beevers, and Terry Lansdown52. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Design of A3: Automation, Autonomy, and Artificial Intelligence 1385Ben D. Sawyer, Dave B. Miller, Matthew Canham, and Waldemar Karwowski53. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 1417Pascale Carayon, Kathryn Wust, Bat-Zion Hose, and Megan E. Salwei54. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Digital Manufacturing 1438Dieter Spath and Martin Braun55. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Aviation 1460Steven J. Landry56. Human Side of Space Exploration and Habitation 1480Kevin R. Duda, Dava J. Newman, Joanna Zhang, Nicolas Meirhaeghe, and H. Larissa Zhou57. Human Factors and Ergonomics for Sustainability 1512Klaus Fischer, Andrew Thatcher, and Klaus J. ZinkIndex 1529

Gavriel Salvendy, PhD, is University Distinguished Professor at the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida, Founding President of the Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine of Florida, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). He is also Professor Emeritus of Industrial Engineering at Purdue University and Chair Professor Emeritus and Founding Head of the Department of Industrial Engineering at Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China. Waldemar Karwowski, PhD, is Pegasus Professor and Chairman of the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems and Executive Director of the Institute for Advanced Systems Engineering at the University of Central Florida. He is a Past President of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and a Past President of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA). He is the recipient of three Honorary Doctorates from three countries.

Review of the fifth edition by Thomas B. Sheridan, Ford Professor Emeritus of Engineering and Applied Psychology, MassachusettsInstitute of TechnologyThe fifth edition of the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics is the most authoritative and comprehensive reference work in the field.Review of the fourth edition and comment on the fifth edition by Donald A. Norman, Director and Co-Founder, University of California, San Diego Design Lab.I’m often asked for reading suggestions, especially for references to the literature on Human Factors and Ergonomics. In the past few months, I have been reading chapters of one book that has it all: Gavriel Salvendy’s massive tome, the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics. The articles are all excellent. They all reflect up-to-date reviews of the areas they cover. They are wonderful self-study material, wonderful references, and would make excellent material in multiple courses. Consider it as essential piece of professional equipment. If you don’t know human factors, this is a great way to find the parts relevant to your work. And even if you are an expert, this book will be valuable because it is unlikely that you are expert at all the topics covered here, yet very likely you will need some of the ones you are not (yet) expert at. I follow my own advice. I consider myself an expert (I am a Fellow of the Human Factors Society), but I still learn each time I read from these pages. The 5th edition has new – and very important – chapters written by the authorities in each topic. It has kept up with the times and become even more valuable as both a text and a reference.From the Foreword to the second edition by John F. Smith, Jr., Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer andPresident, General Motors CorporationThe publication of this second Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics is very timely. It is a comprehensive guide that contains practical knowledge and technical background on virtually all aspects of physical, cognitive, and social ergonomics. As such, it can be a valuable source of information for any individual or organization committed to providing competitive, high-quality products and safe, productive work environments.From the Foreword to the first edition by E. M. Estes, Retired President, General Motors CorporationRegardless of what phase of the economy a person is involved in, this handbook is a very useful tool. Every area of human factors from environmental conditions and motivation to the use of new communications systems, robotics, and business systems is well covered in the handbook by experts in every field.

• About the Editors ixContributors xiForeword xxiPreface xxiii1. Human Factors Function 11. The Discipline of Human Factors and Ergonomics 3Waldemar Karwowski and Wei Zhang2. Human Systems Integration and Design 38Guy A. Boy2. Human Factors Fundamentals 553. Sensation and Perception 57Robert W. Proctor and Janet D. Proctor4. Selection and Control of Action 91Robert W. Proctor and Kim-Phuong L. Vu5. Information Processing 114Christopher D. Wickens and C. Melody Carswell6. Decision-Making Models, Decision Support, and Problem Solving 159Mark R. Lehto and Gaurav Nanda7. Mental Workload 203G.M. Hancock, L. Longo, M.S. Young, and P.A. Hancock8. Social and Organizational Foundation of Ergonomics: Multi-Level Systems Approaches 227Pascale Carayon9. Emotional Design 236Feng Zhou, Yangjian Ji, and Roger Jianxin Jiao10. Cross-Cultural Design 252Tom Plocher, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau, Yee-Yin Choong, and Zhi Guo3. Design of Equipment, Tasks, Jobs, and Environments 28111. Three-Dimensional (3D) Anthropometry and Its Applications in Product Design 283Liang Ma and Jianwei Niu12. Basic Biomechanics and Workplace Design 303William S. Marras and Waldemar Karwowski13. The Changing Nature of Task Analysis 358Erik Hollnagel14. Workplace Design 368Nicolas Marmaras and Dimitris Nathanael15. Job and Team Design 383Frederick P. Morgeson and Michael A. Campion16. Design, Delivery, Evaluation, and Transfer of Effective Training Systems 414Tiffany M. Bisbey, Rebecca Grossman, Kareem Panton, Chris W. Coultas, and Eduardo Salas17. Situation Awareness 434Mica R. Endsley4. Design for Health, Safety, and Comfort 45718. Sound and Noise: Measurement and Design Guidance 459John G. Casali19. Vibration and Motion 494Neil J. Mansfield and Michael J. Griffin20. Human Errors and Human Reliability 514Peng Liu, Renyou Zhang, Zijian Yin, and Zhizhong Li21. Occupational Safety and Health Management 573Jeanne Mager Stellman, Sonalee Rau, and Pratik Thaker22. Managing low-Back Disorder Risk in the Workplace 597William S. Marras and Waldemar Karwowski23. Manual Materials Handling: Evaluation and Practical Considerations 630Fadi A. Fathallah and Ira Janowitz24. Warnings and Hazard Communications 644Michael S. Wogalter, Christopher B. Mayhorn, and Kenneth R. Laughery, Sr.25. Use of Personal Protective Equipment 668Grażyna Bartkowiak, Krzysztof Baszczyński, Anna Bogdan, Agnieszka Brochocka, Anna Dąbrowska, Rafał Hrynyk, Emilia Irzmańska, Danuta Koradecka, Emil Kozłowski, Katarzyna Majchrzycka, Krzysztof Makowski, Anna Marszałek, Magdalena Młynarczyk, Rafał Młyński, Grzegorz Owczarek, and Janżera5. Human Performance Modeling 68526. Mathematical Modeling in Human–Machine System Design and Evaluation 687Changxu Wu and Yili Liu27. Modeling and Simulation of Human Systems 704Gunther E. Paul28. Human Supervisory Control of Automation 736Thomas B. Sheridan29. Digital Human Modeling in Design 761Vincent G. Duffy30. Extended Reality (XR) Environments 782Kay M. Stanney, Hannah Nye, Sam Haddad, Kelly S. Hale, Christina K. Padron, and Joseph V. Cohn31. Neuroergonomics 816Hasan Ayaz and Frédéric Dehais6. System Evaluation 84332. Accident and Incident Investigation 845Patrick G. Dempsey33. Human Factors and Ergonomics Audits 853Colin G. Drury and Patrick G. Dempsey34. Cost/Benefit Analysis for Human Systems Investments 880William B. Rouse and Dennis K. McBride7. Human–Computer Interaction 89335. Data Visualization 895Sumanta N. Pattanaik and R. Paul Wiegand36. Representation Design 947John M. Flach, Kevin B. Bennett, Jonathan W. Butler, and Michael A. Heroux37. Collecting and Analyzing User Insights 960Matthias Peissner, Kathrin Pollmann, and Nora Fronemann38. Usability and User Experience: Design and Evaluation 972James R. Lewis and Jeff Sauro39. Website Design and Evaluation 1016Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Robert W. Proctor, and Ya-Hsin Hung40. Mobile Systems Design and Evaluation 1037June Wei and Siyi Dong41. Human Factors in Ambient Intelligence Environments 1058Constantine Stephanidis, Margherita Antona, and Stavroula Ntoa42. Human-Centered Design of Artificial Intelligence 1085George Margetis, Stavroula Ntoa, Margherita Antona, and Constantine Stephanidis43. Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Trust 1107Abbas Moallem44. Human–Robot Interaction 1121Jessie Y.C. Chen and Michael J. Barnes45. Human Factors in Social Media 1143Qin Gao and Yue Chen8. Design for Individual Differences 118746. Design for All in Digital Technologies 1189Constantine Stephanidis47. Design for People Experiencing Functional Limitations 1216Gregg C. Vanderheiden, J. Bern Jordan, and Jonathan Lazar48. Design for Aging 1249Jia Zhou and Qin Gao49. Design of Digital Technologies for Children 1287Panos Markopoulos, Janet C. Read, and Michail Giannakos9. Selected Applications 130550. Human Factors and Ergonomics Standards 1307Waldemar Karwowski, Redha Taiar, David Rodrick, Bohdana Sherehiy, and Robert R. Fox51. Data Analytics in Human Factors 1351Matt Holman, Guy Walker, Melissa Bedinger, Annie Visser-Quinn, Kerri McClymont, Lindsay Beevers, and Terry Lansdown52. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Design of A3: Automation, Autonomy, and Artificial Intelligence 1385Ben D. Sawyer, Dave B. Miller, Matthew Canham, and Waldemar Karwowski53. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 1417Pascale Carayon, Kathryn Wust, Bat-Zion Hose, and Megan E. Salwei54. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Digital Manufacturing 1438Dieter Spath and Martin Braun55. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Aviation 1460Steven J. Landry56. Human Side of Space Exploration and Habitation 1480Kevin R. Duda, Dava J. Newman, Joanna Zhang, Nicolas Meirhaeghe, and H. Larissa Zhou57. Human Factors and Ergonomics for Sustainability 1512Klaus Fischer, Andrew Thatcher, and Klaus J. ZinkIndex 1529