Jerry M. Couretas, PhD, is Lead Associate for Booz Allen Hamilton and manages the Cyber Mission Modeling project for the United States Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation.

• Preface xiiiSection I Cyber Operations Introduction 1I.1 Phases of Cyber Operations 31 Cyber Operations 91.1 Cyber Operations Introduction 91.2 Early Internet and Cyber Operations 151.3 Cyber Operations' Stage Descriptions 181.4 Cyber Operations Wrap-up 222 ISIS and Web-Based Insurgency 272.1 Introduction 272.2 Cyber-Based Irregular Operations 302.3 ISIS and Web-Based Insurgency Wrap-up 313 Cyber and Crime 373.1 Cyber and Crime 374 Nation-State Cyber Operations 614.1 Nation State Cyber Operations 615 Russian Cyber Operations 755.1 Russian Cyber Operations 756 Chinese Cyber Operations 996.1 Chinese Cyber Operations 997 DPRK Cyber Operations 1177.1 DPRK Cyber Operations 1178 Iranian Cyber Operations 1338.1 Iranian Cyber Operations 1339 Independent Cyber Operators 1559.1 Independent Cyber Operations 155Section I Cyber Operations Summary 169I.1 Introduction 169I.2 Phases of Cyber Operations 171Section II Introduction to Cyber Effects 177II.1 Cyber Effects Introduction 177II.1.1 Example of Cyber Strategic, Tactical, and Criminal Effects 177II.1.2 Wrap-up 17810 Strategic Cyber Effects 18110.1 Strategic Cyber Effects 18111 Strategic Cyber Effects (2) 18511.1 Critical Infrastructure Strategic Cyber Effects 18512 Tactical Cyber Effects 19512.1 Cyber Tactical Effects 19513 Cyber Crime Effects 20513.1 Criminal Cyber Effects 205Section II Cyber Effects Conclusions 219II.1 Cyber Effects Overview 219II.2 Cyber Effects' Wrap-up 220Section III Cyberspace Environment and Tools Introduction 22314 Criminal Cyber Operations and Tools 22714.1 Criminal Cyber Operations and Tools 22715 Russian Cyber Operations and Tools 23915.1 Russian Cyber Operations and Tools 23916 Iran, China, and DPRK Cyber Operations and Tools 25116.1 China, DPRK, and Iran Cyber Operations and Tools 25117 Strategic Cyber Technologies -- ICS/SCADA, Election Machines, and Crypto Currencies 26117.1 Strategic Cyber Technologies 26118 Cyber Case Studies Conclusion 271Section III Cyberspace Environment and Tools Conclusion 275III.A Appendix I -- Tool Examples 278Bibliography 278CCS Glossary 281Index 295

Jerry M. Couretas, PhD, is Lead Associate for Booz Allen Hamilton and manages the Cyber Mission Modeling project for the United States Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation.

• Preface xiiiSection I Cyber Operations Introduction 1I.1 Phases of Cyber Operations 31 Cyber Operations 91.1 Cyber Operations Introduction 91.2 Early Internet and Cyber Operations 151.3 Cyber Operations' Stage Descriptions 181.4 Cyber Operations Wrap-up 222 ISIS and Web-Based Insurgency 272.1 Introduction 272.2 Cyber-Based Irregular Operations 302.3 ISIS and Web-Based Insurgency Wrap-up 313 Cyber and Crime 373.1 Cyber and Crime 374 Nation-State Cyber Operations 614.1 Nation State Cyber Operations 615 Russian Cyber Operations 755.1 Russian Cyber Operations 756 Chinese Cyber Operations 996.1 Chinese Cyber Operations 997 DPRK Cyber Operations 1177.1 DPRK Cyber Operations 1178 Iranian Cyber Operations 1338.1 Iranian Cyber Operations 1339 Independent Cyber Operators 1559.1 Independent Cyber Operations 155Section I Cyber Operations Summary 169I.1 Introduction 169I.2 Phases of Cyber Operations 171Section II Introduction to Cyber Effects 177II.1 Cyber Effects Introduction 177II.1.1 Example of Cyber Strategic, Tactical, and Criminal Effects 177II.1.2 Wrap-up 17810 Strategic Cyber Effects 18110.1 Strategic Cyber Effects 18111 Strategic Cyber Effects (2) 18511.1 Critical Infrastructure Strategic Cyber Effects 18512 Tactical Cyber Effects 19512.1 Cyber Tactical Effects 19513 Cyber Crime Effects 20513.1 Criminal Cyber Effects 205Section II Cyber Effects Conclusions 219II.1 Cyber Effects Overview 219II.2 Cyber Effects' Wrap-up 220Section III Cyberspace Environment and Tools Introduction 22314 Criminal Cyber Operations and Tools 22714.1 Criminal Cyber Operations and Tools 22715 Russian Cyber Operations and Tools 23915.1 Russian Cyber Operations and Tools 23916 Iran, China, and DPRK Cyber Operations and Tools 25116.1 China, DPRK, and Iran Cyber Operations and Tools 25117 Strategic Cyber Technologies -- ICS/SCADA, Election Machines, and Crypto Currencies 26117.1 Strategic Cyber Technologies 26118 Cyber Case Studies Conclusion 271Section III Cyberspace Environment and Tools Conclusion 275III.A Appendix I -- Tool Examples 278Bibliography 278CCS Glossary 281Index 295

Jerry M. Couretas, PhD, is Lead Associate for Booz Allen Hamilton and manages the Cyber Mission Modeling project for the United States Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation.

• Preface xiiiSection I Cyber Operations Introduction 1I.1 Phases of Cyber Operations 31 Cyber Operations 91.1 Cyber Operations Introduction 91.2 Early Internet and Cyber Operations 151.3 Cyber Operations' Stage Descriptions 181.4 Cyber Operations Wrap-up 222 ISIS and Web-Based Insurgency 272.1 Introduction 272.2 Cyber-Based Irregular Operations 302.3 ISIS and Web-Based Insurgency Wrap-up 313 Cyber and Crime 373.1 Cyber and Crime 374 Nation-State Cyber Operations 614.1 Nation State Cyber Operations 615 Russian Cyber Operations 755.1 Russian Cyber Operations 756 Chinese Cyber Operations 996.1 Chinese Cyber Operations 997 DPRK Cyber Operations 1177.1 DPRK Cyber Operations 1178 Iranian Cyber Operations 1338.1 Iranian Cyber Operations 1339 Independent Cyber Operators 1559.1 Independent Cyber Operations 155Section I Cyber Operations Summary 169I.1 Introduction 169I.2 Phases of Cyber Operations 171Section II Introduction to Cyber Effects 177II.1 Cyber Effects Introduction 177II.1.1 Example of Cyber Strategic, Tactical, and Criminal Effects 177II.1.2 Wrap-up 17810 Strategic Cyber Effects 18110.1 Strategic Cyber Effects 18111 Strategic Cyber Effects (2) 18511.1 Critical Infrastructure Strategic Cyber Effects 18512 Tactical Cyber Effects 19512.1 Cyber Tactical Effects 19513 Cyber Crime Effects 20513.1 Criminal Cyber Effects 205Section II Cyber Effects Conclusions 219II.1 Cyber Effects Overview 219II.2 Cyber Effects' Wrap-up 220Section III Cyberspace Environment and Tools Introduction 22314 Criminal Cyber Operations and Tools 22714.1 Criminal Cyber Operations and Tools 22715 Russian Cyber Operations and Tools 23915.1 Russian Cyber Operations and Tools 23916 Iran, China, and DPRK Cyber Operations and Tools 25116.1 China, DPRK, and Iran Cyber Operations and Tools 25117 Strategic Cyber Technologies -- ICS/SCADA, Election Machines, and Crypto Currencies 26117.1 Strategic Cyber Technologies 26118 Cyber Case Studies Conclusion 271Section III Cyberspace Environment and Tools Conclusion 275III.A Appendix I -- Tool Examples 278Bibliography 278CCS Glossary 281Index 295