Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage

Meldin Mathew, is a Research Scholar at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam, Kerala, India. Hanna J. Maria, PhD, is a Post-Doctoral Fellow at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam, Kerala, India. Ange Nzihou, PhD, is Director of the RAPSODEE Research Center under the Joint Research Units of the French National Center for Scientific Research in Albi, France. Sabu Thomas, PhD, is Vice Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam, Kerala, India.

• List of Contributors xvPreface xix1 The History, Physical Properties, and Energy-Related Applications of Aerogels 1Ai Du and Chengbin Wu1.1 Definition and History of the Aerogels 11.2 The Physics Properties of the Aerogels 51.3 Energy-Related Aerogel Applications 161.4 Prospects 19References 212 Aerogels and Their Composites in Energy Generation and Conversion Devices 38Juno A. Rose, Aruchamy Kanakaraj, and Nataraj Sanna Kotrappanavar2.1 Introduction to Aerogels 382.2 Strategies for Development of Aerogel Materials 402.3 Chemistry and Mechanisms of Aerogels Formation 442.4 Drying Techniques 462.5 Properties and Characterization 482.6 Applications of Aerogel in Energy Storage and Energy Saving 482.7 Summary and Future Prospects 57Acknowledgments 57References 583 Metal Aerogels for Energy Storage and Conversion 61Ran Du3.1 Introduction of Metal Aerogels 613.2 Characterizations 633.3 Synthesis Methodologies 653.4 Energy-Related Applications 773.5 Conclusions 86References 864 Aerogels Using Polymer Composites 90Wei Fan, Jin Tian, and Tianxi Liu4.1 Introduction 904.2 Preparation of Polymer-Based Aerogels 924.3 Several Common Polymer Aerogels and Their Composites 984.4 Applications of Polymer Aerogel Composites 1084.5 Conclusions and Outlook 119References 1205 Epoxide Related Aerogels; Sol-Gel Synthesis, Property Studies and Energy Applications 128Mahmoud Khalil and Houssam El-Rassy5.1 Overview of Epoxide Aerogels 1285.2 Synthesis and Drying Technique 1305.3 Epoxide-assisted Aerogels 1395.4 Aerogels Properties and Characterization 1455.5 Some Applications and Examples 1585.6 Summary 161References 1616 CNT-Based Aerogels and Their Applications 169Zili Li and Zhiqun Lin6.1 Introduction 1696.2 The Fundamental Principle of Preparing CNT-based Aerogels 1706.3 Strategies for Preparation of CNT-based Aerogels 1716.4 Applications 1806.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 189References 1897 Silica-Based Aerogels for Building Transparent Components 197Cinzia Buratti, Elisa Belloni, Francesca Merli, Costanza Vittoria Fiorini, Piergiovanni Domenighini, and Michele Zinzi7.1 Introduction 1977.2 Silica Aerogels Production 1977.3 Silica Aerogel Properties 2047.4 Energy Performance of Silica Aerogels in Buildings 2167.5 Applications 2267.6 Conclusions 2287.7 Outlook 229References 2308 Inorganic Aerogels and Their Composites for Thermal Insulation in White Goods 237Özge Payanda Konuk, Orçun Yücel, and Can Erkey8.1 Introduction 2378.2 Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Aerogels 2458.3 Inorganic Aerogels and Their Composites in White Goods 2548.4 Conclusions 261References 2619 Natural Polymer-Based Aerogels for Filtration Applications 267Mahaveer A. Halakarni, M. Manohara Halanur, and Sanna Kotrappanavar Nataraj9.1 Introduction 2679.2 Material Option for the Preparation of Aerogel 2699.3 Application of Aerogels in Water Purification 2719.4 Conclusion and Future Prospect 282Acknowledgments 282References 28210 Organic and Carbon Aerogels 291Marina Schwan and Barbara Milow10.1 Introduction 29110.2 Overview on Organic Aerogels 29310.3 Application of Organic Aerogels for Energy Saving 30510.4 Overview on Organic-based Carbon Aerogels 30810.5 Applications of Organic-Based Carbon Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage 31310.6 Summary and Outlook 319References 31911 Carbonaceous Aerogels for Fuel Cells and Supercapacitors 331Meryem Samancı and Ayşe Bayrakçeken Yurtcan11.1 Introduction 33111.2 Carbonaceous Materials 33211.3 Carbonaceous Aerogels 33511.4 Fuel Cells 34211.5 Supercapacitors 35111.6 Conclusions 373References 37412 Aerogels for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production 386Arun Prasad Murthy12.1 Introduction 38612.2 Application of Aerogels in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 38912.3 Application of Aerogels in Oxygen Evolution Reaction 39512.4 Application of Aerogels for Overall Water Splitting 39912.5 Concluding Remarks 402References 40313 Clay-Based Aerogel Composites 407Basim Abu-Jdayil, Bilkis Ajiwokewu, Safa Ahmed, and Saheed Busura13.1 Introduction 40713.2 Synthesis Techniques of Clay Aerogels Composites 41013.3 Properties of Clay Aerogels 41113.4 Enhancement Techniques of Clay Aerogels 41813.5 Applications and Integration Techniques of Clay Aerogel Composites 42413.6 Economy and Limitations of Clay Aerogel and Composites 42413.7 Future Direction of Research 42513.8 Conclusions 426References 42614 Hybrid Aerogels for Energy Saving Applications 430Nilay Gizli and Selay Sert Çok14.1 Introduction 43014.2 Silica-Based Hybrid Aerogels 43114.3 Thermal Properties of Hybrid Aerogels 43714.4 Hybrid Aerogels in Energy Saving Applications 44014.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective 440References 44115 Porous Graphene-Based Aerogels for Batteries 447Maryam Hasanpour and Mohammad Hatami Graphic Abstract 44715.1 Introduction 44815.2 Preparation and Synthesized Method for Graphene-Based Aerogel 44815.3 Application of Graphene-Based Aerogels (GBAs) for Energy Storage Devices 44915.4 Conclusions 466References 46616 Theoretical Modeling of the Thermal and Mechanical Structure-Property Relationships in Aerogels 473Ameya Rege and Barbara Milow16.1 Introduction 47316.2 Modeling the Thermal Structure-Property Relationships of Aerogels 47416.3 Modeling the Mechanical Structure-Property Relationships of Aerogels 48116.4 Outlook 490References 49117 Aerogels in Energy: State of Art and New Challenges 497Golnoosh Abdeali and Ahmad Reza Bahramian17.1 Introduction 49717.2 Aerogel in Thermal and Electrical Energy 49717.3 Methodology for Energy Performance Analysis 50917.4 Conclusions 513Acknowledgments 513References 514Index 517