Petroleum Refining Design and Applications Handbook, Volume 4

Kayode Coker PhD, is Engineering Consultant for AKC Technology, an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Wolverhampton, U.K., a former Engineering Coordinator at Saudi Aramco Shell Refinery Company and Chairman of the department of Chemical Engineering Technology at Jubail Industrial College, Saudi Arabia. He has been a chartered chemical engineer for more than 30 years. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, U.K. and a senior member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He holds a B.Sc. honors degree in Chemical Engineering, a Master of Science degree in Process Analysis and Development and Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, all from Aston University, Birmingham, U.K. and a Teacher’s Certificate in Education at the University of London, U.K. He has directed and conducted short courses extensively throughout the world and has been a lecturer at the university level. His articles have been published in several international journals. He is an author of five books in chemical engineering, a contributor to the Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design. Vol 61. He was named as one of the International Biographical Centre’s Leading Engineers of the World for 2008. Also, he is a member of International Who’s Who of ProfessionalsTM and Madison Who’s Who in the U.S.

• Preface xixAcknowledgments xxii21 Heat Transfer 121.1 Introduction 121.2 Details of Exchange Equipment 1921.3 Factors Affecting Shell Selection 2421.4 Common Combinations of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 2621.5 Bending of Tubing 5621.6 Shell-Side Baffles and Tube Supports 5721.7 Tube Counts in Shells 7321.8 Exchanger Surface Area 9321.9 Tube Vibration 10721.10 Types of Heat Exchange Operations 11221.11 The Effectiveness—NTU Method 14821.12 Pressure Drop, Δp 15821.13 Heat Balance 17321.14 Transfer Area 17421.15 Fouling of Tube Surface 17521.16 Exchanger Design 223References 61222 Energy Management and Pinch Technology 62122.1 Introduction 62122.2 Waste Heat Recovery 62422.3 Process Integration and Heat Exchanger Networks 63122.4 Pinch Technology 63922.5 Energy Targets 649Example 22.1: Setting Energy Targets and Heat Exchanger Network 650Solution 65022.6 The Heat Recovery Pinch and Its Significance 65522.7 The Significance of the Pinch 65622.8 A Targeting Procedure: The Problem Table Algorithm 65822.9 The Grand Composite Curve 66122.10 Stream Matching at the Pinch 66522.11 Heat Exchanger Network Design 666Example 22.2 673Solution 673Example 22.3 (Source: Seider et al., Product and Process Design Principles—Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation 3rd Ed. Wiley 2009 [26]) 679Solution 680Example 22.4 [Source: Manufacture of cellulose acetate fiber by Robins Smith (Chemical Process Design and Integration, John Wiley 2007 [34])] 681Solution 68722.12 Heat Exchanger Area Targets 693Example 22.5 (Source: R. Smith, Chemical Process Design, Mc Graw-Hill, 1995 [20]) 695Solution 696Example 22.6 703Solution 70322.13 HEN Simplification 703Example 22.7: Test Case 3, TC3 Linnhoff and Hindmarch 703Solution 70422.14 Number of Shell Target 71022.15 Capital Cost Targets 71222.16 Energy Targeting 714Example 22.8: Cost Targeting 714Solution 715Example 22.9: HEN for Maximum Energy Recovery (Warren D. Seider et al. [26]) 722Solution 72222.17 Targeting and Design for Constrained Matches 72522.18 Heat Engines and Heat Pumps for Optimum Integration 72622.19 Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer in Process Integration 73222.20 Total Site Analysis 73222.21 Applications of Process Integration 73622.22 Sitewide Integration 74122.23 Flue Gas Emissions 74122.24 Pitfalls in Process Integration 744Glossary of Terms 789Summary and Heuristics 795Nomenclature 796References 796Bibliography 800Appendix D 801Appendix G 877Appendix H 919Glossary of Petroleum and Petrochemical Technical Terminologies 927About the Author 1053Index 1055