Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Edo University Iyamho, in Edo State, Nigeria. Currently, he is the Director of Intellectual Properties and Technology Transfer and Chairman of the Committee on Research Grants at EUI. He has won several scientific awards and grants from renowned academic bodies such as the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India. He has published more than 600 papers in peer-reviewed national and international journals as well as more than 50 books, 340 book chapters, and many scientific patents. Julius Kola Oloke, PhD, is a Professor and Vice Chancellor in the Department of Pure and Applied Biology at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. He has a PhD in microbiology from Obafemi Awolowo University in 1989. Professor Oloke was conferred with the National Productivity Order of Merit Award by the Federal Government of Nigeria in August 2012, for his work on formulating an immune modulating agent known as Trinity Immuno-booster (Trino IB) which has been used in many countries.

• Preface xiii1 Introduction to Nanobiofungicides 1Frank Abimbola Ogundolie and Michael O. Okpara1.1 Introduction 11.2 Mechanism of Action of Nanobiofungicides 22 Relevance of Nanobiofungicides in the Prevention of Abiotic Stress 11Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Edokpolor Osazee Ohanmu, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Yvonne Dike, Chima James Rufus, Esther Eniola, Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Emmanuel Ochoche Shaibu and Beckley Ikhajiagbe2.1 Introduction 122.2 Fungicides 162.3 Biofungicides 222.4 Nanoparticles as Applied to Biofungicides 272.5 Conclusion 343 Management of Mycotoxins 39Ogundolie Frank Abimbola, Akande Olamide Abigael, Manjia Jacqueline Njikam, Ayilara Modupe Stella and Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun3.1 Introduction 403.2 Effect of Mycotoxin Contamination on Fish 463.3 Effect of Mycotoxin Contamination on Edible Insects 463.4 Management of Mycotoxins 473.5 Physical Methods 473.6 Chemical Methods 483.7 Biological Methods 493.8 Recent Methods for Detection and Management of Mycotoxins 493.9 Conclusion 504 Nanobiofungicides Derived from Beneficial Plants 59Ojo, S.K.S., Oluwole, B.R., Ojo, A.M., Otugboyega, J.O. and Ayo, I.O.4.1 Introduction 594.2 Various Types of Nanoparticles Used as Biofungicides 614.3 Forms of Nanomaterials 634.4 Advantages of Biofungicides on Chemically Synthesized Fungicides 704.5 Mode of Action of Nanobiofungicides 714.6 Conclusion 725 Characterization of Plant-Based Nanobiofungicides 81Abel Inobeme, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, John Tsado Mathew, Alexander Ikechukwu Ajai and Jacob John Olusanya5.1 Introduction 825.2 The Role of Plant-Based Nanofungicides in the Management of Plant Diseases 835.3 General Physicochemical Properties of Nanofungicides 845.4 Recent Studies on Characterization of Plant-Based Nanobiofungicides Using Various Instrumental Techniques 845.5 Characterization Techniques for Nanofungicide and Their Principles 895.6 Conclusion 936 Relevance of Nanofungicides on the Social and its Bioeconomy Perspectives in Attaining Sustainable Development Goals 99Abere Benjamin Olusola and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji6.1 Introduction 1006.2 Fungi as Efficient Mycosystems 1046.3 Literature Review 1056.4 Nanofungicides’ Influence on the Establishment of Sustainable Development Goals 1086.5 Conclusion 1097 Biological Control of Stored Product Pest and Pathogens Using Nanobiofungicides 115Kehinde Abraham Odelade, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Peace Abiodun Olajide, Taofiqat Oludolapo Olaniyan, Dorcas Adebambo Odelade, Goodness Oluchukwu Jonah, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji7.1 Introduction 1167.2 Biopesticides 1177.3 Nanotechnology 1187.4 Nanoparticles and Pathogenesis: A Step in Advance Plant Disease Surveillance and Control 1207.5 Penetration, Transport, and Mechanism of Action of Nanoparticles 1207.6 Metal Nanoparticles Used in Plant Pathology 1217.7 Regulatory Laws and Commercial NPs Goods 1237.8 The Use of NPs as a Means of Achieving the SD2030 Goal of Sustainable Agriculture 1237.9 Insecticides Based on Nanomaterials 1247.10 Agriculture and Nanomaterials 1257.11 Nanopesticide 1257.12 Nanotechnology’s Potential Applications in the Pesticides Industry 1267.13 Exposure to Nanotechnology-Based Pesticides (NBPs) Requires Special Attention 1277.14 Pesticides Using Nanoscale Materials are Regulated by the EPA 1277.15 Future Expectations 1287.16 Conclusion 1288 Next-Generation Bionanofungicides Against Agricultural Pathogens 135Y.M.S.M. Yapa and Jayani J. Wewalwela8.1 Introduction 1368.2 Pathogens: Soil-Borne and Root-Borne Plant Pathogens 1378.3 Types of Botanicals Used as Biofungicides 1388.4 Past and Current Scenario of Bionanofungicides 1468.5 Future Prospects 1478.6 Conclusion 1479 Eleusine indica: Nanofungicidal and Other Biological Activities 153Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Daniel Ingo Hefft, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Maksim Rebezov, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Gulmira Baibalinova, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Temidayo Oluyomi Elufisan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu9.1 Introduction 1549.2 The Role of Eleusine indica in Nanobiotechnology 1569.3 Fungicidal Activity of Eleusine indica 1579.4 Bioactivity of Eleusine indica 1579.5 Other Biological Effects of Eleusine indica 1599.6 Eleusine indica: Hypogycemic, Hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective, and Antimicrobial Effects 16410 Nanofungicidal and Other Activities of Cyclopiagenistoides 171Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Daniel Ingo Hefft, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Maksim Rebezov, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Nikolai Maksimiuk, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Temidayo Oluyomi Elufisan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu10.1 Introduction 17210.2 Fungicidal Activities of Cyclopiagenistoides 17310.3 The Role of Cyclopiagenistoides-Synthesized Flavonoids in Nanotechnology 17410.4 Bioactivity 17610.5 Hypogycemic, Hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective, and Anti-Ulcer Effects 18111 Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai: Nanofungicidal and Other Biological Activities 187Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Odoh Uchenna Estella, Osarenkhoe O. Osemwegie, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara, Maksim Rebezov,Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Galiya Ibadullayeva, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Ugwu Patience N., Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu11.1 Introduction 18811.2 Brief Description of Citrullus lanatus 18911.3 Antifungal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Produced from Citrullus lanatus 19011.4 Antifungal Activity of Citrullus lanatus 19111.5 Citrullus lanatus as an Antibacteria 19211.6 Citrullus lanatus as an Antivirus 19411.7 Citrullus lanatus as an Antipyretic Agent 19511.8 Cardiovascular Effects of Citrullus lanatus 19611.9 Effect of Citrullus lanatus on the Nervous System 19711.10 Anticancer Effects of Citrullus Lanatus 19811.11 Lycopene Antioxidant Effects of Citrullus lanatus 19811.12 Apoptotic Effects of Lycopene 19911.13 Cell Cycle Arrest 19911.14 Lycopene and Signaling Pathway 20011.15 Metastasis 20011.16 Anti-Diabetic Activity of Citrullus lanatus 20111.17 Anti-Ulcer Effects of Citrullus lanatus 20211.18 Hypoglycemic, Hypolipid, and Hepatoprotective Effects 20311.19 Diuretic and Anti-Urolithiatic Activities 205References 205Index 215

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Edo University Iyamho, in Edo State, Nigeria. Currently, he is the Director of Intellectual Properties and Technology Transfer and Chairman of the Committee on Research Grants at EUI. He has won several scientific awards and grants from renowned academic bodies such as the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India. He has published more than 600 papers in peer-reviewed national and international journals as well as more than 50 books, 340 book chapters, and many scientific patents. Julius Kola Oloke, PhD, is a Professor and Vice Chancellor in the Department of Pure and Applied Biology at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. He has a PhD in microbiology from Obafemi Awolowo University in 1989. Professor Oloke was conferred with the National Productivity Order of Merit Award by the Federal Government of Nigeria in August 2012, for his work on formulating an immune modulating agent known as Trinity Immuno-booster (Trino IB) which has been used in many countries.

• Preface xiii1 Introduction to Nanobiofungicides 1Frank Abimbola Ogundolie and Michael O. Okpara1.1 Introduction 11.2 Mechanism of Action of Nanobiofungicides 22 Relevance of Nanobiofungicides in the Prevention of Abiotic Stress 11Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Edokpolor Osazee Ohanmu, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Yvonne Dike, Chima James Rufus, Esther Eniola, Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Emmanuel Ochoche Shaibu and Beckley Ikhajiagbe2.1 Introduction 122.2 Fungicides 162.3 Biofungicides 222.4 Nanoparticles as Applied to Biofungicides 272.5 Conclusion 343 Management of Mycotoxins 39Ogundolie Frank Abimbola, Akande Olamide Abigael, Manjia Jacqueline Njikam, Ayilara Modupe Stella and Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun3.1 Introduction 403.2 Effect of Mycotoxin Contamination on Fish 463.3 Effect of Mycotoxin Contamination on Edible Insects 463.4 Management of Mycotoxins 473.5 Physical Methods 473.6 Chemical Methods 483.7 Biological Methods 493.8 Recent Methods for Detection and Management of Mycotoxins 493.9 Conclusion 504 Nanobiofungicides Derived from Beneficial Plants 59Ojo, S.K.S., Oluwole, B.R., Ojo, A.M., Otugboyega, J.O. and Ayo, I.O.4.1 Introduction 594.2 Various Types of Nanoparticles Used as Biofungicides 614.3 Forms of Nanomaterials 634.4 Advantages of Biofungicides on Chemically Synthesized Fungicides 704.5 Mode of Action of Nanobiofungicides 714.6 Conclusion 725 Characterization of Plant-Based Nanobiofungicides 81Abel Inobeme, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, John Tsado Mathew, Alexander Ikechukwu Ajai and Jacob John Olusanya5.1 Introduction 825.2 The Role of Plant-Based Nanofungicides in the Management of Plant Diseases 835.3 General Physicochemical Properties of Nanofungicides 845.4 Recent Studies on Characterization of Plant-Based Nanobiofungicides Using Various Instrumental Techniques 845.5 Characterization Techniques for Nanofungicide and Their Principles 895.6 Conclusion 936 Relevance of Nanofungicides on the Social and its Bioeconomy Perspectives in Attaining Sustainable Development Goals 99Abere Benjamin Olusola and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji6.1 Introduction 1006.2 Fungi as Efficient Mycosystems 1046.3 Literature Review 1056.4 Nanofungicides’ Influence on the Establishment of Sustainable Development Goals 1086.5 Conclusion 1097 Biological Control of Stored Product Pest and Pathogens Using Nanobiofungicides 115Kehinde Abraham Odelade, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Peace Abiodun Olajide, Taofiqat Oludolapo Olaniyan, Dorcas Adebambo Odelade, Goodness Oluchukwu Jonah, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji7.1 Introduction 1167.2 Biopesticides 1177.3 Nanotechnology 1187.4 Nanoparticles and Pathogenesis: A Step in Advance Plant Disease Surveillance and Control 1207.5 Penetration, Transport, and Mechanism of Action of Nanoparticles 1207.6 Metal Nanoparticles Used in Plant Pathology 1217.7 Regulatory Laws and Commercial NPs Goods 1237.8 The Use of NPs as a Means of Achieving the SD2030 Goal of Sustainable Agriculture 1237.9 Insecticides Based on Nanomaterials 1247.10 Agriculture and Nanomaterials 1257.11 Nanopesticide 1257.12 Nanotechnology’s Potential Applications in the Pesticides Industry 1267.13 Exposure to Nanotechnology-Based Pesticides (NBPs) Requires Special Attention 1277.14 Pesticides Using Nanoscale Materials are Regulated by the EPA 1277.15 Future Expectations 1287.16 Conclusion 1288 Next-Generation Bionanofungicides Against Agricultural Pathogens 135Y.M.S.M. Yapa and Jayani J. Wewalwela8.1 Introduction 1368.2 Pathogens: Soil-Borne and Root-Borne Plant Pathogens 1378.3 Types of Botanicals Used as Biofungicides 1388.4 Past and Current Scenario of Bionanofungicides 1468.5 Future Prospects 1478.6 Conclusion 1479 Eleusine indica: Nanofungicidal and Other Biological Activities 153Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Daniel Ingo Hefft, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Maksim Rebezov, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Gulmira Baibalinova, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Temidayo Oluyomi Elufisan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu9.1 Introduction 1549.2 The Role of Eleusine indica in Nanobiotechnology 1569.3 Fungicidal Activity of Eleusine indica 1579.4 Bioactivity of Eleusine indica 1579.5 Other Biological Effects of Eleusine indica 1599.6 Eleusine indica: Hypogycemic, Hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective, and Antimicrobial Effects 16410 Nanofungicidal and Other Activities of Cyclopiagenistoides 171Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Daniel Ingo Hefft, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Maksim Rebezov, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Nikolai Maksimiuk, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Temidayo Oluyomi Elufisan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu10.1 Introduction 17210.2 Fungicidal Activities of Cyclopiagenistoides 17310.3 The Role of Cyclopiagenistoides-Synthesized Flavonoids in Nanotechnology 17410.4 Bioactivity 17610.5 Hypogycemic, Hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective, and Anti-Ulcer Effects 18111 Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai: Nanofungicidal and Other Biological Activities 187Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Odoh Uchenna Estella, Osarenkhoe O. Osemwegie, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara, Maksim Rebezov,Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Galiya Ibadullayeva, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Ugwu Patience N., Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu11.1 Introduction 18811.2 Brief Description of Citrullus lanatus 18911.3 Antifungal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Produced from Citrullus lanatus 19011.4 Antifungal Activity of Citrullus lanatus 19111.5 Citrullus lanatus as an Antibacteria 19211.6 Citrullus lanatus as an Antivirus 19411.7 Citrullus lanatus as an Antipyretic Agent 19511.8 Cardiovascular Effects of Citrullus lanatus 19611.9 Effect of Citrullus lanatus on the Nervous System 19711.10 Anticancer Effects of Citrullus Lanatus 19811.11 Lycopene Antioxidant Effects of Citrullus lanatus 19811.12 Apoptotic Effects of Lycopene 19911.13 Cell Cycle Arrest 19911.14 Lycopene and Signaling Pathway 20011.15 Metastasis 20011.16 Anti-Diabetic Activity of Citrullus lanatus 20111.17 Anti-Ulcer Effects of Citrullus lanatus 20211.18 Hypoglycemic, Hypolipid, and Hepatoprotective Effects 20311.19 Diuretic and Anti-Urolithiatic Activities 205References 205Index 215

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Edo University Iyamho, in Edo State, Nigeria. Currently, he is the Director of Intellectual Properties and Technology Transfer and Chairman of the Committee on Research Grants at EUI. He has won several scientific awards and grants from renowned academic bodies such as the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India. He has published more than 600 papers in peer-reviewed national and international journals as well as more than 50 books, 340 book chapters, and many scientific patents. Julius Kola Oloke, PhD, is a Professor and Vice Chancellor in the Department of Pure and Applied Biology at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. He has a PhD in microbiology from Obafemi Awolowo University in 1989. Professor Oloke was conferred with the National Productivity Order of Merit Award by the Federal Government of Nigeria in August 2012, for his work on formulating an immune modulating agent known as Trinity Immuno-booster (Trino IB) which has been used in many countries.

• Preface xiii1 Introduction to Nanobiofungicides 1Frank Abimbola Ogundolie and Michael O. Okpara1.1 Introduction 11.2 Mechanism of Action of Nanobiofungicides 22 Relevance of Nanobiofungicides in the Prevention of Abiotic Stress 11Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Edokpolor Osazee Ohanmu, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Yvonne Dike, Chima James Rufus, Esther Eniola, Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Emmanuel Ochoche Shaibu and Beckley Ikhajiagbe2.1 Introduction 122.2 Fungicides 162.3 Biofungicides 222.4 Nanoparticles as Applied to Biofungicides 272.5 Conclusion 343 Management of Mycotoxins 39Ogundolie Frank Abimbola, Akande Olamide Abigael, Manjia Jacqueline Njikam, Ayilara Modupe Stella and Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun3.1 Introduction 403.2 Effect of Mycotoxin Contamination on Fish 463.3 Effect of Mycotoxin Contamination on Edible Insects 463.4 Management of Mycotoxins 473.5 Physical Methods 473.6 Chemical Methods 483.7 Biological Methods 493.8 Recent Methods for Detection and Management of Mycotoxins 493.9 Conclusion 504 Nanobiofungicides Derived from Beneficial Plants 59Ojo, S.K.S., Oluwole, B.R., Ojo, A.M., Otugboyega, J.O. and Ayo, I.O.4.1 Introduction 594.2 Various Types of Nanoparticles Used as Biofungicides 614.3 Forms of Nanomaterials 634.4 Advantages of Biofungicides on Chemically Synthesized Fungicides 704.5 Mode of Action of Nanobiofungicides 714.6 Conclusion 725 Characterization of Plant-Based Nanobiofungicides 81Abel Inobeme, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, John Tsado Mathew, Alexander Ikechukwu Ajai and Jacob John Olusanya5.1 Introduction 825.2 The Role of Plant-Based Nanofungicides in the Management of Plant Diseases 835.3 General Physicochemical Properties of Nanofungicides 845.4 Recent Studies on Characterization of Plant-Based Nanobiofungicides Using Various Instrumental Techniques 845.5 Characterization Techniques for Nanofungicide and Their Principles 895.6 Conclusion 936 Relevance of Nanofungicides on the Social and its Bioeconomy Perspectives in Attaining Sustainable Development Goals 99Abere Benjamin Olusola and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji6.1 Introduction 1006.2 Fungi as Efficient Mycosystems 1046.3 Literature Review 1056.4 Nanofungicides’ Influence on the Establishment of Sustainable Development Goals 1086.5 Conclusion 1097 Biological Control of Stored Product Pest and Pathogens Using Nanobiofungicides 115Kehinde Abraham Odelade, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Peace Abiodun Olajide, Taofiqat Oludolapo Olaniyan, Dorcas Adebambo Odelade, Goodness Oluchukwu Jonah, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji7.1 Introduction 1167.2 Biopesticides 1177.3 Nanotechnology 1187.4 Nanoparticles and Pathogenesis: A Step in Advance Plant Disease Surveillance and Control 1207.5 Penetration, Transport, and Mechanism of Action of Nanoparticles 1207.6 Metal Nanoparticles Used in Plant Pathology 1217.7 Regulatory Laws and Commercial NPs Goods 1237.8 The Use of NPs as a Means of Achieving the SD2030 Goal of Sustainable Agriculture 1237.9 Insecticides Based on Nanomaterials 1247.10 Agriculture and Nanomaterials 1257.11 Nanopesticide 1257.12 Nanotechnology’s Potential Applications in the Pesticides Industry 1267.13 Exposure to Nanotechnology-Based Pesticides (NBPs) Requires Special Attention 1277.14 Pesticides Using Nanoscale Materials are Regulated by the EPA 1277.15 Future Expectations 1287.16 Conclusion 1288 Next-Generation Bionanofungicides Against Agricultural Pathogens 135Y.M.S.M. Yapa and Jayani J. Wewalwela8.1 Introduction 1368.2 Pathogens: Soil-Borne and Root-Borne Plant Pathogens 1378.3 Types of Botanicals Used as Biofungicides 1388.4 Past and Current Scenario of Bionanofungicides 1468.5 Future Prospects 1478.6 Conclusion 1479 Eleusine indica: Nanofungicidal and Other Biological Activities 153Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Daniel Ingo Hefft, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Maksim Rebezov, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Gulmira Baibalinova, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Temidayo Oluyomi Elufisan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu9.1 Introduction 1549.2 The Role of Eleusine indica in Nanobiotechnology 1569.3 Fungicidal Activity of Eleusine indica 1579.4 Bioactivity of Eleusine indica 1579.5 Other Biological Effects of Eleusine indica 1599.6 Eleusine indica: Hypogycemic, Hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective, and Antimicrobial Effects 16410 Nanofungicidal and Other Activities of Cyclopiagenistoides 171Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Daniel Ingo Hefft, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Maksim Rebezov, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Nikolai Maksimiuk, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Temidayo Oluyomi Elufisan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu10.1 Introduction 17210.2 Fungicidal Activities of Cyclopiagenistoides 17310.3 The Role of Cyclopiagenistoides-Synthesized Flavonoids in Nanotechnology 17410.4 Bioactivity 17610.5 Hypogycemic, Hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective, and Anti-Ulcer Effects 18111 Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai: Nanofungicidal and Other Biological Activities 187Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Odoh Uchenna Estella, Osarenkhoe O. Osemwegie, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara, Maksim Rebezov,Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Galiya Ibadullayeva, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Ugwu Patience N., Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Mayowa Jeremiah Adeniyi and Chibuzor Victory Chukwu11.1 Introduction 18811.2 Brief Description of Citrullus lanatus 18911.3 Antifungal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Produced from Citrullus lanatus 19011.4 Antifungal Activity of Citrullus lanatus 19111.5 Citrullus lanatus as an Antibacteria 19211.6 Citrullus lanatus as an Antivirus 19411.7 Citrullus lanatus as an Antipyretic Agent 19511.8 Cardiovascular Effects of Citrullus lanatus 19611.9 Effect of Citrullus lanatus on the Nervous System 19711.10 Anticancer Effects of Citrullus Lanatus 19811.11 Lycopene Antioxidant Effects of Citrullus lanatus 19811.12 Apoptotic Effects of Lycopene 19911.13 Cell Cycle Arrest 19911.14 Lycopene and Signaling Pathway 20011.15 Metastasis 20011.16 Anti-Diabetic Activity of Citrullus lanatus 20111.17 Anti-Ulcer Effects of Citrullus lanatus 20211.18 Hypoglycemic, Hypolipid, and Hepatoprotective Effects 20311.19 Diuretic and Anti-Urolithiatic Activities 205References 205Index 215