Chuanfang Zhang is a full professor at Sichuan University, China. He is the Principal Investigator for the Printed Robust Interactive Communicating Electronics (PRICE) group and was a senior scientist with Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. He completed his PhD jointly at ECUST (China) and Drexel University (USA) in 2015. Michael Naguib, PhD, is a Ken and Ruth Arnold Early Career Professor in Science and Engineering and an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics and Engineering Physics at Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. In 2014, he received his doctorate in Materials Science and Engineering at Drexel University, where he co-invented MXenes.

• List of Contributors xviiPreface xxivPart I The Introduction 11 Introduction to the MXene Handbook 3Michael Naguib and Chuanfang ZhangPart II Guidelines on MXenes Synthesis, Characterizations and Processing 112 Synthesis of MXene Precursors -- Tips and Tricks 13Joseph Halim, Jie Zhou, Martin Dahlqvist, and Johanna Rosen3 Guidelines on Fluorine-based Synthesis of MXenes 34Annabelle Bedford, Brian C. Wyatt, Wyatt J. Highland, Srinivasa Kartik Nemani, Krista K. Pulley, Jonah Jordan, and Babak Anasori4 Guidelines Low-temperature (LT) F-free Synthesis of MXenes 58Changda Wang, Shiqiang Wei, Pengjun Zhang, Kefu Zhu, and Li Song5 Guidelines for the Molten Salt Etching of MXenes 85Miao Shen and Jian-Qiang Wang6 Guidelines on the Intercalation of Ions and Molecules in MXenes 109Varun Natu and Michel W. Barsoum7 MXene Thermal and Chemical Stability and Degradation Mechanism 137Shuohan Huang and Vadym N. Mochalin8 Guidelines on MXene Handling and Storage Strategies 163Jizhen Zhang, Dylan Hegh, Peter A. Lynch, and Joselito M. Razal9 Beyond Single-M MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications 189Christopher E. Shuck and Yury Gogotsi10 Structural Confirmation and Morphological Investigation of MXenes 214Kaitlyn Prenger, Anika Tabassum, and Michael Naguib11 MXene Surface Terminations 229Per O.Å. Persson12 Delamination and Surface Functionalization of MXenes 245Mohammad Jafarpour, Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh, Jakob Heier, Frank Nüesch, and Chuanfang Zhang13 Solution Processing of MXenes for Printing, Wet Coating, and 2D Film Formation 272Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh, Mohammad Jafarpour, Jakob Heier, Frank Nüesch, and Chuanfang Zhang14 Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of MXenes 294Elnaz Jamshidi, Mackenzie B. Woods, Virginia A. Davis, and Majid Beidaghi15 Assembling of MXenes from Liquid to Solid, Including Liquid Crystals, Fibers 315Yu Long, Zhitan Wu, Ying Tao, and Quan-Hong YangPart III Guidelines on Obtaining MXenes Properties 38516 Insights into the Properties of MXenes and MXene Analogs from Atomistic Simulation 387Murali Gopal Muraleedharan, Rabi Khanal, Stephan Irle, and Paul R. C. Kent17 MXenes' Optical and Optoelectronic Properties and Related Applications 429Danzhen Zhang, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, and Yury Gogotsi18 Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement Effect of Single MXene Flakes and MXene Composites 453Qunfeng Cheng and Alexander SinitskiiPart IV MXene Applications 48519 MXene Capacitive Behaviors and Supercapacitor Devices 487Zifeng Lin, Liyuan Liu, and Patrice Simon20 MXene Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries 514Majid Farahmandjou, Xin Guo, Zefu Huang, Bijay Janardhanan, A. M. Ruhul, and Guoxiu Wang21 MXenes in Rechargeable Batteries Beyond Li-Ion Battery 541Zhuoqi Cen, Qing Huang, and Kun Liang22 Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of MXene/Polymer Composites 602Hao-Bin Zhang and Xinfeng Zhou23 MXenes in Electronics and Communication Devices 621Xiangming Xu and Husam N. Alshareef24 MXene in Sensing Devices 651Seon Joon Kim25 MXenes for Environmental Treatments 678Jie Wang, Zhenjun Wu, Xiuqiang Xie, and Nan Zhang26 MXenes in Healthcare Technologies 706Natalia Noriega, Tochukwu Ozulumba, Grace Cooksley, Emma J. Ward, and Susan SandemanPart V Conclusions and Perspectives 73527 Summary and Outlook 737Chuanfang Zhang and Michael NaguibReferences 740Index 742

Chuanfang Zhang is a full professor at Sichuan University, China. He is the Principal Investigator for the Printed Robust Interactive Communicating Electronics (PRICE) group and was a senior scientist with Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. He completed his PhD jointly at ECUST (China) and Drexel University (USA) in 2015. Michael Naguib, PhD, is a Ken and Ruth Arnold Early Career Professor in Science and Engineering and an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics and Engineering Physics at Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. In 2014, he received his doctorate in Materials Science and Engineering at Drexel University, where he co-invented MXenes.

• List of Contributors xviiPreface xxivPart I The Introduction 11 Introduction to the MXene Handbook 3Michael Naguib and Chuanfang ZhangPart II Guidelines on MXenes Synthesis, Characterizations and Processing 112 Synthesis of MXene Precursors -- Tips and Tricks 13Joseph Halim, Jie Zhou, Martin Dahlqvist, and Johanna Rosen3 Guidelines on Fluorine-based Synthesis of MXenes 34Annabelle Bedford, Brian C. Wyatt, Wyatt J. Highland, Srinivasa Kartik Nemani, Krista K. Pulley, Jonah Jordan, and Babak Anasori4 Guidelines Low-temperature (LT) F-free Synthesis of MXenes 58Changda Wang, Shiqiang Wei, Pengjun Zhang, Kefu Zhu, and Li Song5 Guidelines for the Molten Salt Etching of MXenes 85Miao Shen and Jian-Qiang Wang6 Guidelines on the Intercalation of Ions and Molecules in MXenes 109Varun Natu and Michel W. Barsoum7 MXene Thermal and Chemical Stability and Degradation Mechanism 137Shuohan Huang and Vadym N. Mochalin8 Guidelines on MXene Handling and Storage Strategies 163Jizhen Zhang, Dylan Hegh, Peter A. Lynch, and Joselito M. Razal9 Beyond Single-M MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications 189Christopher E. Shuck and Yury Gogotsi10 Structural Confirmation and Morphological Investigation of MXenes 214Kaitlyn Prenger, Anika Tabassum, and Michael Naguib11 MXene Surface Terminations 229Per O.Å. Persson12 Delamination and Surface Functionalization of MXenes 245Mohammad Jafarpour, Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh, Jakob Heier, Frank Nüesch, and Chuanfang Zhang13 Solution Processing of MXenes for Printing, Wet Coating, and 2D Film Formation 272Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh, Mohammad Jafarpour, Jakob Heier, Frank Nüesch, and Chuanfang Zhang14 Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of MXenes 294Elnaz Jamshidi, Mackenzie B. Woods, Virginia A. Davis, and Majid Beidaghi15 Assembling of MXenes from Liquid to Solid, Including Liquid Crystals, Fibers 315Yu Long, Zhitan Wu, Ying Tao, and Quan-Hong YangPart III Guidelines on Obtaining MXenes Properties 38516 Insights into the Properties of MXenes and MXene Analogs from Atomistic Simulation 387Murali Gopal Muraleedharan, Rabi Khanal, Stephan Irle, and Paul R. C. Kent17 MXenes' Optical and Optoelectronic Properties and Related Applications 429Danzhen Zhang, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, and Yury Gogotsi18 Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement Effect of Single MXene Flakes and MXene Composites 453Qunfeng Cheng and Alexander SinitskiiPart IV MXene Applications 48519 MXene Capacitive Behaviors and Supercapacitor Devices 487Zifeng Lin, Liyuan Liu, and Patrice Simon20 MXene Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries 514Majid Farahmandjou, Xin Guo, Zefu Huang, Bijay Janardhanan, A. M. Ruhul, and Guoxiu Wang21 MXenes in Rechargeable Batteries Beyond Li-Ion Battery 541Zhuoqi Cen, Qing Huang, and Kun Liang22 Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of MXene/Polymer Composites 602Hao-Bin Zhang and Xinfeng Zhou23 MXenes in Electronics and Communication Devices 621Xiangming Xu and Husam N. Alshareef24 MXene in Sensing Devices 651Seon Joon Kim25 MXenes for Environmental Treatments 678Jie Wang, Zhenjun Wu, Xiuqiang Xie, and Nan Zhang26 MXenes in Healthcare Technologies 706Natalia Noriega, Tochukwu Ozulumba, Grace Cooksley, Emma J. Ward, and Susan SandemanPart V Conclusions and Perspectives 73527 Summary and Outlook 737Chuanfang Zhang and Michael NaguibReferences 740Index 742

Chuanfang Zhang is a full professor at Sichuan University, China. He is the Principal Investigator for the Printed Robust Interactive Communicating Electronics (PRICE) group and was a senior scientist with Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. He completed his PhD jointly at ECUST (China) and Drexel University (USA) in 2015. Michael Naguib, PhD, is a Ken and Ruth Arnold Early Career Professor in Science and Engineering and an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics and Engineering Physics at Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. In 2014, he received his doctorate in Materials Science and Engineering at Drexel University, where he co-invented MXenes.

• List of Contributors xviiPreface xxivPart I The Introduction 11 Introduction to the MXene Handbook 3Michael Naguib and Chuanfang ZhangPart II Guidelines on MXenes Synthesis, Characterizations and Processing 112 Synthesis of MXene Precursors -- Tips and Tricks 13Joseph Halim, Jie Zhou, Martin Dahlqvist, and Johanna Rosen3 Guidelines on Fluorine-based Synthesis of MXenes 34Annabelle Bedford, Brian C. Wyatt, Wyatt J. Highland, Srinivasa Kartik Nemani, Krista K. Pulley, Jonah Jordan, and Babak Anasori4 Guidelines Low-temperature (LT) F-free Synthesis of MXenes 58Changda Wang, Shiqiang Wei, Pengjun Zhang, Kefu Zhu, and Li Song5 Guidelines for the Molten Salt Etching of MXenes 85Miao Shen and Jian-Qiang Wang6 Guidelines on the Intercalation of Ions and Molecules in MXenes 109Varun Natu and Michel W. Barsoum7 MXene Thermal and Chemical Stability and Degradation Mechanism 137Shuohan Huang and Vadym N. Mochalin8 Guidelines on MXene Handling and Storage Strategies 163Jizhen Zhang, Dylan Hegh, Peter A. Lynch, and Joselito M. Razal9 Beyond Single-M MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications 189Christopher E. Shuck and Yury Gogotsi10 Structural Confirmation and Morphological Investigation of MXenes 214Kaitlyn Prenger, Anika Tabassum, and Michael Naguib11 MXene Surface Terminations 229Per O.Å. Persson12 Delamination and Surface Functionalization of MXenes 245Mohammad Jafarpour, Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh, Jakob Heier, Frank Nüesch, and Chuanfang Zhang13 Solution Processing of MXenes for Printing, Wet Coating, and 2D Film Formation 272Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh, Mohammad Jafarpour, Jakob Heier, Frank Nüesch, and Chuanfang Zhang14 Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of MXenes 294Elnaz Jamshidi, Mackenzie B. Woods, Virginia A. Davis, and Majid Beidaghi15 Assembling of MXenes from Liquid to Solid, Including Liquid Crystals, Fibers 315Yu Long, Zhitan Wu, Ying Tao, and Quan-Hong YangPart III Guidelines on Obtaining MXenes Properties 38516 Insights into the Properties of MXenes and MXene Analogs from Atomistic Simulation 387Murali Gopal Muraleedharan, Rabi Khanal, Stephan Irle, and Paul R. C. Kent17 MXenes' Optical and Optoelectronic Properties and Related Applications 429Danzhen Zhang, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, and Yury Gogotsi18 Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement Effect of Single MXene Flakes and MXene Composites 453Qunfeng Cheng and Alexander SinitskiiPart IV MXene Applications 48519 MXene Capacitive Behaviors and Supercapacitor Devices 487Zifeng Lin, Liyuan Liu, and Patrice Simon20 MXene Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries 514Majid Farahmandjou, Xin Guo, Zefu Huang, Bijay Janardhanan, A. M. Ruhul, and Guoxiu Wang21 MXenes in Rechargeable Batteries Beyond Li-Ion Battery 541Zhuoqi Cen, Qing Huang, and Kun Liang22 Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of MXene/Polymer Composites 602Hao-Bin Zhang and Xinfeng Zhou23 MXenes in Electronics and Communication Devices 621Xiangming Xu and Husam N. Alshareef24 MXene in Sensing Devices 651Seon Joon Kim25 MXenes for Environmental Treatments 678Jie Wang, Zhenjun Wu, Xiuqiang Xie, and Nan Zhang26 MXenes in Healthcare Technologies 706Natalia Noriega, Tochukwu Ozulumba, Grace Cooksley, Emma J. Ward, and Susan SandemanPart V Conclusions and Perspectives 73527 Summary and Outlook 737Chuanfang Zhang and Michael NaguibReferences 740Index 742