MXenes: Next-Generation 2D Materials

Dr. Jay Singh is the Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, India. Kshitij RB Singh is a postgraduate in biotechnology from the Department of Biotechnology at Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, India. Dr. Ravindra Pratap Singh is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology at Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, India. Prof Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji is the Director of Research and Innovation and a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at the Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria.

• Editor Biographies xvList of Contributors xixPreface xxviiAcknowledgment xxix1 Introduction to MXenes a Next-generation 2D Material 1Kshitij RB Singh, Sushma Thapa, Jay Singh, Shyam S. Pandey, and Ravindra Pratap Singh1.1 Introduction 11.2 Properties 31.3 Synthesis and Functionalization of MXenes 51.4 Characterization of MXenes 71.5 Application of MXenes 81.6 Current Scenario, Risk Assessment, and Challenges 131.7 Conclusion and Prospects 142 Structure, Composition, and Functionalization of MXenes 23Praveen Kumar, Ramakshi Rana, Arun Kumar, Pooja Rawat, and Jong Soo Rhyee2.1 Introduction 232.2 MXenes Composition 252.3 Structural Analysis Regarding MXenes 292.4 Structure Functionalization of MXene 352.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 403 Synthesis of MXenes 45Manish Kumar Dixit and Mrigendra Dubey3.1 Introduction 453.2 Fabrication of MXene 453.3 Conclusion 614 Physicochemical and Biological Properties of MXenes 65Neakanshika Chadha, Aman Sahu, Kshitij RB Singh, and Jay Singh4.1 Introduction 654.2 Structure and Synthesis of MXenes 664.3 Properties of MXenes 694.4 Conclusion and future Perspectives 765 Processing and Characterization of MXenes and Their Nanocomposites 85Suji Mary Zachariah, Yves Grohens, and Sabu Thomas5.1 Introduction 855.2 Processing Techniques 865.3 Characterization Techniques 915.4 Conclusion 946 Progressive Approach Toward MXenes Hydrogel 99Abbas Mohammadi, Ghazal Amini, and Saman Abrishamkar6.1 Hydrogels 996.2 MXene-Based Hydrogels 1016.3 Conclusions 1117 Comparison of MXenes with Other 2D Materials 117Yoshiyuki Sato, Daisuke Nakane, and Takashiro Akitsu7.1 Introduction of MXenes 1177.2 MXenes vs. Carbon Materials 1207.3 MXenes vs. 2D-chalcogenide/Carbide/Nitride 1207.4 MXenes vs. 2D Metal--Organic Frameworks 1227.5 Summary 1248 Newly Emerging 2D MXenes for Hydrogen Storage 129Sneha Lavate, Sankhula Lokesh, and Rohit Srivastava8.1 Introduction 1298.2 Structural Properties of MXene 1328.3 Synthesis Techniques 1328.4 H2 Storage Reaction Mechanisms 1338.5 Factors Influencing H2 Storage 1388.6 Recent Advances in MXene-Based Compounds for H2 Storage 1388.7 Conclusions 1458.8 Future Perspectives and Challenges 1459 MXenes for Supercapacitor Applications 153Samaneh Shahsavarifar, Hamidreza Parsimehr, and Amir Ershad-Langroudi9.1 Introduction 1539.2 Two-dimensional MXenes Structure 1549.3 MXenes’ Characteristics 1559.4 MXenes as a Source of Energy Storage 1579.5 Supercapacitor Systems of MXene and Hybrid 1609.6 Prospects 1639.7 Conclusion 16410 MXenes-based Biosensors 171Sushma Thapa, Kshitij RB Singh, Arunadevi Natarajan, Rout George Kerry, Jay Singh, Shyam S. Pandey, and Ravindra Pratap Singh10.1 Introduction 17110.2 Biosensing Application 17210.3 Challenges and Limitations 18010.4 Conclusion and Prospects 18111 Advances in Ti3C2 MXene and Its Composites for the Adsorption Process and Photocatalytic Applications 189Channe Gowda Sushma, Bangalore Nanjundappa Nagalaxmi, Raghavachari Kavitha, and Shivashankar Girish Kumar11.1 Introduction 18911.2 Ti3C2 as Adsorbent for the Metal Ions 19011.3 Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism of Organic Pollutants via Ti3C2 MXene and Its Derivatives 19511.4 Ternary Heterostructures based on the Ti3C2 20411.5 Gap Analysis 20911.6 Conclusion 20912 MXenes and its Hybrid Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing Applications in Breath Analysis 217Sampada Koirala, Mahek Sadiq, and Danling Wang12.1 Introduction 21712.2 Discussion 22012.3 Conclusion 22513 MXenes for Catalysis and Electrocatalysis 231Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Alexander Ikechukwu Ajai, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abdullahi Mann, John Olusanya Jacob, Elijah Yanda Shaba, Stanley Osita Okonkwo, Gregory Edema, Efosa John Osarenren, Esther Bernard, Evbuomwan L., and Tedunjaiye O.H.13.1 Introduction 23113.2 Application of MXene for Catalytic Processes 23313.4 Conclusion and Future Trend 23714 MXene and Its Hybrid Materials for Photothermal Therapy 241Chansi, Karan Hadwani, and Tinku Basu14.1 Introduction 24114.2 Photothermal Conversion 24214.3 Optical and Thermal Properties of MXenes 24914.4 Photothermal Conversion Mechanism of MXenes 25014.5 Applications of MXenes in Photothermal Therapy 25214.6 Conclusion 26115 MXenes and Its Composites for Biomedical Applications 269Aykut Arif Topcu, Seckin Kilic, and Adil Denizli15.1 Introduction 26915.2 Various Biomedical Applications of MXenes 27215.3 Conclusion 28216 MXenes for Point of Care Devices (POC) 287Fulden Ulucan-Karnak, Sachin Mishra, Sukirti Tiwari, and CansuIlke Kuru16.1 Introduction 28716.2 Characteristics of MXenes on Biosensing 28816.3 Point-of-Care Diagnosing COVID-19: Methods Used to Date 29016.4 Applications of MXenes as PoCs 29216.5 Current Challenges and Future Outlook 29416.6 Conclusion 29417 MXenes and Their Hybrids for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications 301Kadavil Subhash Lakshmy, Ananthu Prasad, Anandu M. Nair, Suji Mary Zachariah, Yves Grohens, and Sabu Thomas17.1 Introduction 30117.2 Properties of MXenes 30217.3 Various MXene Hybrids For EMI-Hielding 30317.4 Intrinsically Conducting Polymer-based 31317.5 Graphene-based 31417.6 Conclusion 31618 Technological Aspects in the Development of MXenes and Its Hybrid Nanocomposites: Current Challenges and Prospects 323Sujeet K. Mishra and Devendra Kumar18.1 Introduction 32318.2 Progressive Approach Towards MXene Composites and Hybrids 32418.3 Technological Progress of MXene and Its Hybrids for Biomedical Sector 32918.4 Technological Progress of MXene and Its Hybrids for Energy Sector 33118.5 Technological Progress of MXene and Its Hybrids for Environment Sector 33318.6 Technological Challenges and Outlook 335References 337Index 343