ALEXANDER C. WAGENAAR, PhD, is Research Professor at the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and Professor Emeritus at the University of Florida College of Medicine. ROSALIE LICCARDO PACULA, PhD, holds the Elizabeth Garrett Chair in Health Policy, Economics & Law in the Sol Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California. SCOTT BURRIS, J.D., is Professor of Law and Public Health at Temple University, where he directs the Center for Public Health Law Research.

"As someone previously unaware that there was a field of legal epidemiology, I was intrigued. As I examined the book's chapters, I became increasingly aware of the value and potential future contributions of the field. For public health professionals of all stripes, this book will, at a minimum, enrich the life of the mind. For some, it will directly broaden and deepen their own work."—Kenneth E. Warner, PhD, Avedis Donabedian Distinguished University Professor Emeritus and Dean Emeritus, University of Michigan School of Public Health"The second edition of Legal Epidemiology: Theory and Methods fills a critical niche for public health education and research. Laws shape our health and daily lives in profound ways—by blending law, epidemiology, and other scholarly disciplines and methods, the editors have assembled an insightful group of chapters. This volume is a must-read for anyone interested addressing population health and inequities in health."—Ross C. Brownson, PhD, Lipstein Distinguished Professor of Public Health Washington University in St. Louis"From basic concepts and theories of public health law, to legal and practical implementation and mechanisms of effects, to methods for measuring and studying how law influences health behavior, this book covers it all. Essential background for health policy analysis."—Kosali Simon, Ph.D., Distinguished Professor, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University

• Figures and Tables viiForeword to the First Edition ixMichelle A. LarkinForeword to the Second Edition xiSandro GaleaPreface xvThe Editors xixThe Contributors xxiPart One Frameworks for Legal Epidemiology1. A Framework for Research in Legal Epidemiology 3Scott Burris, Alexander C. Wagenaar, Jeffrey W. Swanson, Jennifer K. Ibrahim, Jennifer Wood, and Michelle M. Mello2. Law in Public Health Systems and Services Research 21Scott Burris, Glen P. Mays, F. Douglas Scutchfield, and Jennifer K. IbrahimPart Two Understanding How Law Influences Environments and Behavior3. Perspectives from Public Health 41Kelli A. Komro and Alexander C. Wagenaar4. Law and Society Approaches 61Robin Stryker5. Criminological Theories 81Wesley G. Jennings and Tom Mieczkowski6. Procedural Justice Theory 99Tom R. Tyler and Avital Mentovich7. Economic Theory 115Frank J. Chaloupka and Rosalie Liccardo Pacula8. The Theory of Triadic Influence 139Mark B. Schure, Kazi Faria Islam, and Brian R. Flay9. Integrating Diverse Theories for Public Health Law Evaluation 163Scott Burris and Alexander C. WagenaarPart Three Identifying and Measuring Legal Variables10. Picturing Public Health Law Research: The Value of Causal Diagrams 189Jeffrey W. Swanson and Jennifer K. Ibrahim11. Measuring Statutory Law and Regulations for Empirical Research 209Evan D. Anderson, Sue Thomas, Ryan D. Treffers, and Alexander C. Wagenaar12. Coding Case Law for Public Health Law Evaluation 233Mark HallPart Four Designing Legal Epidemiology Evaluations13. Randomized Trials in Legal Epidemiology 253Harold Pollack, Alida Bouris, and Scott Cunningham14. Natural Experiments: Research Design Elements for Optimal Causal Inference Without Randomization 283Alexander C. Wagenaar and Kelli A. Komro15. Qualitative Research Strategies for Public Health Law Evaluation 303Jennifer Wood16. Using Cost- Effectiveness and Cost–Benefit Analysis to Evaluate Public Health Laws 323Rosalie Liccardo Pacula17. The Future of Research in Legal Epidemiology 357Scott Burris, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, and Alexander C. WagenaarReferences 367

ALEXANDER C. WAGENAAR, PhD, is Research Professor at the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and Professor Emeritus at the University of Florida College of Medicine. ROSALIE LICCARDO PACULA, PhD, holds the Elizabeth Garrett Chair in Health Policy, Economics & Law in the Sol Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California. SCOTT BURRIS, J.D., is Professor of Law and Public Health at Temple University, where he directs the Center for Public Health Law Research.

"As someone previously unaware that there was a field of legal epidemiology, I was intrigued. As I examined the book's chapters, I became increasingly aware of the value and potential future contributions of the field. For public health professionals of all stripes, this book will, at a minimum, enrich the life of the mind. For some, it will directly broaden and deepen their own work."—Kenneth E. Warner, PhD, Avedis Donabedian Distinguished University Professor Emeritus and Dean Emeritus, University of Michigan School of Public Health"The second edition of Legal Epidemiology: Theory and Methods fills a critical niche for public health education and research. Laws shape our health and daily lives in profound ways—by blending law, epidemiology, and other scholarly disciplines and methods, the editors have assembled an insightful group of chapters. This volume is a must-read for anyone interested addressing population health and inequities in health."—Ross C. Brownson, PhD, Lipstein Distinguished Professor of Public Health Washington University in St. Louis"From basic concepts and theories of public health law, to legal and practical implementation and mechanisms of effects, to methods for measuring and studying how law influences health behavior, this book covers it all. Essential background for health policy analysis."—Kosali Simon, Ph.D., Distinguished Professor, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University

• Figures and Tables viiForeword to the First Edition ixMichelle A. LarkinForeword to the Second Edition xiSandro GaleaPreface xvThe Editors xixThe Contributors xxiPart One Frameworks for Legal Epidemiology1. A Framework for Research in Legal Epidemiology 3Scott Burris, Alexander C. Wagenaar, Jeffrey W. Swanson, Jennifer K. Ibrahim, Jennifer Wood, and Michelle M. Mello2. Law in Public Health Systems and Services Research 21Scott Burris, Glen P. Mays, F. Douglas Scutchfield, and Jennifer K. IbrahimPart Two Understanding How Law Influences Environments and Behavior3. Perspectives from Public Health 41Kelli A. Komro and Alexander C. Wagenaar4. Law and Society Approaches 61Robin Stryker5. Criminological Theories 81Wesley G. Jennings and Tom Mieczkowski6. Procedural Justice Theory 99Tom R. Tyler and Avital Mentovich7. Economic Theory 115Frank J. Chaloupka and Rosalie Liccardo Pacula8. The Theory of Triadic Influence 139Mark B. Schure, Kazi Faria Islam, and Brian R. Flay9. Integrating Diverse Theories for Public Health Law Evaluation 163Scott Burris and Alexander C. WagenaarPart Three Identifying and Measuring Legal Variables10. Picturing Public Health Law Research: The Value of Causal Diagrams 189Jeffrey W. Swanson and Jennifer K. Ibrahim11. Measuring Statutory Law and Regulations for Empirical Research 209Evan D. Anderson, Sue Thomas, Ryan D. Treffers, and Alexander C. Wagenaar12. Coding Case Law for Public Health Law Evaluation 233Mark HallPart Four Designing Legal Epidemiology Evaluations13. Randomized Trials in Legal Epidemiology 253Harold Pollack, Alida Bouris, and Scott Cunningham14. Natural Experiments: Research Design Elements for Optimal Causal Inference Without Randomization 283Alexander C. Wagenaar and Kelli A. Komro15. Qualitative Research Strategies for Public Health Law Evaluation 303Jennifer Wood16. Using Cost- Effectiveness and Cost–Benefit Analysis to Evaluate Public Health Laws 323Rosalie Liccardo Pacula17. The Future of Research in Legal Epidemiology 357Scott Burris, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, and Alexander C. WagenaarReferences 367