Lars-Göran Öst is Professor and Chair of Clinical Psychology at Stockholm University, Sweden, and Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Bergen, Norway. Considered the pioneer of one-session treatment of specific phobias, he is a regular keynote speaker at major CBT conferences and has lectured at universities worldwide. He is a former editor of the Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Behavioural Psychotherapy, and serves on the editorial boards of Behaviour Research and Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Applied and Preventative Psychology, Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, Behaviour Therapy, and Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. Erik Skaret is Professor Emeritus in Behavioral Sciences in Dentistry. He was Professor in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway from 2008 to 2012. His previous positions were Acting Director at the Dental Fears Research Clinic, University of Washington, Seattle, USA from 1999 to 2000 and Head of Center for Odontophobia, University of Bergen, Norway from 2001 to 2008. He has extensive clinical experience with psychological treatment of dental phobia and anxiety. His research areas are avoidance of dental care in children and adolescents and treatment of dental phobia and intra-oral injection phobia in adults. He has published widely in peer-reviewed journals.

• List of Contributors viiPreface ixAcknowledgements xiPart I Background, Assessment and Aetiology 11 Symptoms, Clinical Characteristics and Consequences 3Magnus Hakeberg and Jesper Lundgren2 Background Description and Epidemiology 21Magne Raadal and Erik Skaret3 Assessment of Dental Phobia and Anxiety 33Kristin Haukebø and Margrethe Vika4 Aetiology of Dental Phobia 45Tiril Willumsen, Kristin Haukebø and Magne Raadal5 Intra-Oral Injection Phobia 63Margrethe Vika and Maren Lillehaug Agdal6 Dental Anxiety in Children and Adolescents 79Gunilla KlingbergPart II Treatments 897 Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Principles, Proceduresand Evidence Base 91Lars-Göran Öst and David M. Clark8 Multimodal Cognitive Behavioural Treatment 109Jesper Lundgren and Ulla Wide Boman9 One-Session Treatment of Dental Phobia 119Lars-Göran Öst10 The Combined Treatment 135Erik Skaret11 Dental Treatment under Sedation 153Magne Raadal12 Effects of Cognitive Behavioural Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 163Lars-Göran Öst and Gerd KvalePart III Cultural Aspects, Prevention and Future Research 18313 Different Treatment Approaches in Different Cultures and Health-Care Systems 185Peter Milgrom, Lisa J. Heaton and J. Timothy Newton14 Prevention of Dental Phobia 201Erik Skaret and Magne Raadal15 Future Research and Applications 221Lars-Göran Öst and Erik SkaretIndex 231

Lars-Göran Öst is Professor and Chair of Clinical Psychology at Stockholm University, Sweden, and Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Bergen, Norway. Considered the pioneer of one-session treatment of specific phobias, he is a regular keynote speaker at major CBT conferences and has lectured at universities worldwide. He is a former editor of the Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Behavioural Psychotherapy, and serves on the editorial boards of Behaviour Research and Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Applied and Preventative Psychology, Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, Behaviour Therapy, and Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. Erik Skaret is Professor Emeritus in Behavioral Sciences in Dentistry. He was Professor in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway from 2008 to 2012. His previous positions were Acting Director at the Dental Fears Research Clinic, University of Washington, Seattle, USA from 1999 to 2000 and Head of Center for Odontophobia, University of Bergen, Norway from 2001 to 2008. He has extensive clinical experience with psychological treatment of dental phobia and anxiety. His research areas are avoidance of dental care in children and adolescents and treatment of dental phobia and intra-oral injection phobia in adults. He has published widely in peer-reviewed journals.

• List of Contributors viiPreface ixAcknowledgements xiPart I Background, Assessment and Aetiology 11 Symptoms, Clinical Characteristics and Consequences 3Magnus Hakeberg and Jesper Lundgren2 Background Description and Epidemiology 21Magne Raadal and Erik Skaret3 Assessment of Dental Phobia and Anxiety 33Kristin Haukebø and Margrethe Vika4 Aetiology of Dental Phobia 45Tiril Willumsen, Kristin Haukebø and Magne Raadal5 Intra-Oral Injection Phobia 63Margrethe Vika and Maren Lillehaug Agdal6 Dental Anxiety in Children and Adolescents 79Gunilla KlingbergPart II Treatments 897 Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Principles, Proceduresand Evidence Base 91Lars-Göran Öst and David M. Clark8 Multimodal Cognitive Behavioural Treatment 109Jesper Lundgren and Ulla Wide Boman9 One-Session Treatment of Dental Phobia 119Lars-Göran Öst10 The Combined Treatment 135Erik Skaret11 Dental Treatment under Sedation 153Magne Raadal12 Effects of Cognitive Behavioural Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 163Lars-Göran Öst and Gerd KvalePart III Cultural Aspects, Prevention and Future Research 18313 Different Treatment Approaches in Different Cultures and Health-Care Systems 185Peter Milgrom, Lisa J. Heaton and J. Timothy Newton14 Prevention of Dental Phobia 201Erik Skaret and Magne Raadal15 Future Research and Applications 221Lars-Göran Öst and Erik SkaretIndex 231