José M. de la Rosa, IEEE Senior Member, received the M.S. degree in Physics in 1993 and the Ph.D. degree in Microelectronics in 2000, both from the University of Seville, Spain. Since 1993 he has been working at the Institute of Microelectronics of Seville (IMSE), which is in turn part of the Spanish Microelectronics Center (CNM) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). He is also with the Department of Electronics and Electromagnetism of the University of Seville, where he is currently an Associate Professor.His main research interests are in the field of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits, especially high-performance data converters, including analysis, behavioral modeling, design and design automation of such circuits. In these topics, Dr. de la Rosa has participated in a number of National and European research and industrial projects, and has co-authored more than 170 international peer-reviewed publications, including journal and conference papers, book chapters and the books Systematic Design of CMOS Switched-Current Bandpass Sigma-Delta Modulators for Digital Communication Chips (Kluwer, 2002), CMOS Cascade Sigma-Delta Modulators for Sensors and Telecom: Error Analysis and Practical Design (Springer, 2006) and Nanometer CMOS Sigma-Delta Modulators for Software Defined Radio (Springer, 2011).Dr. de la Rosa is a member of the Analog Signal Processing Technical Committee of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. He serves as Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers. He has also served and is currently serving as a review committee member of IEEE ISCAS conference. He participated and is currently participating in the organizing and technical committees of diverse international conferences, among others IEEE MWSCAS, IEEE ICECS, IEEE LASCAS, IFIP/IEEE VLSI-SoC and DATE. He served as TPC co-chair of IEEE MWSCAS 2012 and IEEE ICECS 2012.Rocío del Río Fernández received the M.S. degree in 1996 in Electronic Physics and the Ph.D. degree in 2004, both from the University of Seville, Spain. She joined the Department of Electronics and Electromagnetism of the University of Seville in 1995, where she is an Associate Professor. She is also since 1995 at the Institute of Microelectronics of Seville IMSE-CNM (CSIC / University of Seville), where she works in the group of “Analog and Mixed-Signal Microelectronics”.Her main areas of interest are in the field of analog-to-digital converters (especially sigma-delta ADCs), including analysis, behavioral modeling, and design automation. She has participated in diverse National and European R&D projects and has co-authored more than 90 international publications, including journal and conference papers, and books and book chapters.Dr. del Río has co-authored the books CMOS Cascade Sigma-Delta Modulators for Sensor and Telecom: Error Analysis and Practical Design (Springer, 2006) and Nanometer CMOS Sigma-Delta Modulators for Software Defined Radio (Springer, 2011).

• List of Abbreviations xviiPreface xxiAcknowledgements xxvii1 Introduction to ΣΔ Modulators: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals 11.1 Basics of A/D Conversion 21.2 Basics of Sigma-Delta Modulators 81.3 Classification of ΣΔ Modulators 151.4 Single-Loop ΣΔ Modulators 161.5 Cascade ΣΔ Modulators 241.6 Multibit ΣΔ Modulators 291.7 Band-Pass ΣΔ Modulators 361.8 Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulators 411.9 Summary 492 Circuits and Errors: Systematic Analysis and Practical Design Issues 542.1 Nonidealities in Switched-Capacitor ΣΔ Modulators 552.2 Finite Amplifier Gain in SC-ΣΔMs 562.3 Capacitor Mismatch in SC-ΣΔMs 602.4 Integrator Settling Error in SC-ΣΔMs 622.5 Circuit Noise in SC-ΣΔMs 712.6 Clock Jitter in SC-ΣΔMs 752.7 Sources of Distortion in SC-ΣΔMs 762.8 Nonidealities in Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulators 802.9 Clock Jitter in CT-ΣΔMs 812.10 Excess Loop Delay in CT-ΣΔMs 852.11 Quantizer Metastability in CT-ΣΔMs 882.12 Finite Amplifier Gain in CT-ΣΔMs 892.13 Time-Constant Error in CT-ΣΔMs 922.14 Finite Integrator Dynamics in CT-ΣΔMs 942.15 Circuit Noise in CT-ΣΔMs 952.16 Sources of Distortion in CT-ΣΔMs 972.17 Case Study: High-Level Sizing of a ΣΔM 992.18 Summary 1073 Behavioral Modeling and High-Level Simulation 1103.1 Systematic Design Methodology of ΣΔ Modulators 1103.2 Simulation Approaches for the High-Level Evaluation of ΣΔMs 1133.3 Implementing ΣΔM Behavioral Models 1183.4 Efficient Behavioral Modeling of ΣΔM Building Blocks using C-MEX S-Functions 1343.5 SIMSIDES: A SIMULINK-Based Behavioral Simulator for ΣΔMs 1593.6 Using SIMSIDES for the High-Level Sizing and Verification of ΣΔMs 1673.7 Summary 1834 Circuit-Level Design, Implementation, and Verification 1864.1 Macromodeling ΣΔMs 1864.2 Including Noise in Transient Electrical Simulations of ΣΔMs 1994.3 Processing ΣΔM Output Results of Electrical Simulations 2084.4 Design Considerations and Simulation Test Benches of ΣΔM Basic Building Blocks 2134.5 Auxiliary ΣΔM Building Blocks 2504.6 Layout Design, Floorplanning, and Practical Issues 2574.7 Chip Package, Test PCB, and Experimental Set-Up 2634.8 Summary 2705 Frontiers of ΣΔ Modulators: Trends and Challenges 2735.1 Overview of the State of the Art on ΣΔMs 2745.2 Empirical and Statistical Analysis of State-of-the-Art ΣΔMs 2915.3 Cutting-Edge ΣΔM Architectures and Techniques 3005.4 Classification of State-of-the-Art References 3195.5 Summary 319A SIMSIDES User Guide 334A.1 Getting Started: Installing and Running SIMSIDES 334A.2 Building and Editing ΣΔM Architectures in SIMSIDES 335A.3 Analyzing ΣΔMs in SIMSIDES 337A.4 Example 345A.5 Getting Help 354B SIMSIDES Block Libraries and Models 355B.1 Overview of SIMSIDES Libraries 355B.2 Ideal Libraries 355B.3 Real SC Building-Block Libraries 361B.4 Real SI Building-Block Libraries 364B.5 Real CT Building-Block Libraries 371B.6 Real Quantizers and Comparators 382B.7 Real D/A Converters 382B.8 Auxiliary Blocks 384Index 389

José M. de la Rosa, IEEE Senior Member, received the M.S. degree in Physics in 1993 and the Ph.D. degree in Microelectronics in 2000, both from the University of Seville, Spain. Since 1993 he has been working at the Institute of Microelectronics of Seville (IMSE), which is in turn part of the Spanish Microelectronics Center (CNM) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). He is also with the Department of Electronics and Electromagnetism of the University of Seville, where he is currently an Associate Professor.His main research interests are in the field of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits, especially high-performance data converters, including analysis, behavioral modeling, design and design automation of such circuits. In these topics, Dr. de la Rosa has participated in a number of National and European research and industrial projects, and has co-authored more than 170 international peer-reviewed publications, including journal and conference papers, book chapters and the books Systematic Design of CMOS Switched-Current Bandpass Sigma-Delta Modulators for Digital Communication Chips (Kluwer, 2002), CMOS Cascade Sigma-Delta Modulators for Sensors and Telecom: Error Analysis and Practical Design (Springer, 2006) and Nanometer CMOS Sigma-Delta Modulators for Software Defined Radio (Springer, 2011).Dr. de la Rosa is a member of the Analog Signal Processing Technical Committee of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. He serves as Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers. He has also served and is currently serving as a review committee member of IEEE ISCAS conference. He participated and is currently participating in the organizing and technical committees of diverse international conferences, among others IEEE MWSCAS, IEEE ICECS, IEEE LASCAS, IFIP/IEEE VLSI-SoC and DATE. He served as TPC co-chair of IEEE MWSCAS 2012 and IEEE ICECS 2012.Rocío del Río Fernández received the M.S. degree in 1996 in Electronic Physics and the Ph.D. degree in 2004, both from the University of Seville, Spain. She joined the Department of Electronics and Electromagnetism of the University of Seville in 1995, where she is an Associate Professor. She is also since 1995 at the Institute of Microelectronics of Seville IMSE-CNM (CSIC / University of Seville), where she works in the group of “Analog and Mixed-Signal Microelectronics”.Her main areas of interest are in the field of analog-to-digital converters (especially sigma-delta ADCs), including analysis, behavioral modeling, and design automation. She has participated in diverse National and European R&D projects and has co-authored more than 90 international publications, including journal and conference papers, and books and book chapters.Dr. del Río has co-authored the books CMOS Cascade Sigma-Delta Modulators for Sensor and Telecom: Error Analysis and Practical Design (Springer, 2006) and Nanometer CMOS Sigma-Delta Modulators for Software Defined Radio (Springer, 2011).

• List of Abbreviations xviiPreface xxiAcknowledgements xxvii1 Introduction to ΣΔ Modulators: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals 11.1 Basics of A/D Conversion 21.2 Basics of Sigma-Delta Modulators 81.3 Classification of ΣΔ Modulators 151.4 Single-Loop ΣΔ Modulators 161.5 Cascade ΣΔ Modulators 241.6 Multibit ΣΔ Modulators 291.7 Band-Pass ΣΔ Modulators 361.8 Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulators 411.9 Summary 492 Circuits and Errors: Systematic Analysis and Practical Design Issues 542.1 Nonidealities in Switched-Capacitor ΣΔ Modulators 552.2 Finite Amplifier Gain in SC-ΣΔMs 562.3 Capacitor Mismatch in SC-ΣΔMs 602.4 Integrator Settling Error in SC-ΣΔMs 622.5 Circuit Noise in SC-ΣΔMs 712.6 Clock Jitter in SC-ΣΔMs 752.7 Sources of Distortion in SC-ΣΔMs 762.8 Nonidealities in Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulators 802.9 Clock Jitter in CT-ΣΔMs 812.10 Excess Loop Delay in CT-ΣΔMs 852.11 Quantizer Metastability in CT-ΣΔMs 882.12 Finite Amplifier Gain in CT-ΣΔMs 892.13 Time-Constant Error in CT-ΣΔMs 922.14 Finite Integrator Dynamics in CT-ΣΔMs 942.15 Circuit Noise in CT-ΣΔMs 952.16 Sources of Distortion in CT-ΣΔMs 972.17 Case Study: High-Level Sizing of a ΣΔM 992.18 Summary 1073 Behavioral Modeling and High-Level Simulation 1103.1 Systematic Design Methodology of ΣΔ Modulators 1103.2 Simulation Approaches for the High-Level Evaluation of ΣΔMs 1133.3 Implementing ΣΔM Behavioral Models 1183.4 Efficient Behavioral Modeling of ΣΔM Building Blocks using C-MEX S-Functions 1343.5 SIMSIDES: A SIMULINK-Based Behavioral Simulator for ΣΔMs 1593.6 Using SIMSIDES for the High-Level Sizing and Verification of ΣΔMs 1673.7 Summary 1834 Circuit-Level Design, Implementation, and Verification 1864.1 Macromodeling ΣΔMs 1864.2 Including Noise in Transient Electrical Simulations of ΣΔMs 1994.3 Processing ΣΔM Output Results of Electrical Simulations 2084.4 Design Considerations and Simulation Test Benches of ΣΔM Basic Building Blocks 2134.5 Auxiliary ΣΔM Building Blocks 2504.6 Layout Design, Floorplanning, and Practical Issues 2574.7 Chip Package, Test PCB, and Experimental Set-Up 2634.8 Summary 2705 Frontiers of ΣΔ Modulators: Trends and Challenges 2735.1 Overview of the State of the Art on ΣΔMs 2745.2 Empirical and Statistical Analysis of State-of-the-Art ΣΔMs 2915.3 Cutting-Edge ΣΔM Architectures and Techniques 3005.4 Classification of State-of-the-Art References 3195.5 Summary 319A SIMSIDES User Guide 334A.1 Getting Started: Installing and Running SIMSIDES 334A.2 Building and Editing ΣΔM Architectures in SIMSIDES 335A.3 Analyzing ΣΔMs in SIMSIDES 337A.4 Example 345A.5 Getting Help 354B SIMSIDES Block Libraries and Models 355B.1 Overview of SIMSIDES Libraries 355B.2 Ideal Libraries 355B.3 Real SC Building-Block Libraries 361B.4 Real SI Building-Block Libraries 364B.5 Real CT Building-Block Libraries 371B.6 Real Quantizers and Comparators 382B.7 Real D/A Converters 382B.8 Auxiliary Blocks 384Index 389

José M. de la Rosa, IEEE Senior Member, received the M.S. degree in Physics in 1993 and the Ph.D. degree in Microelectronics in 2000, both from the University of Seville, Spain. Since 1993 he has been working at the Institute of Microelectronics of Seville (IMSE), which is in turn part of the Spanish Microelectronics Center (CNM) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). He is also with the Department of Electronics and Electromagnetism of the University of Seville, where he is currently an Associate Professor.His main research interests are in the field of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits, especially high-performance data converters, including analysis, behavioral modeling, design and design automation of such circuits. In these topics, Dr. de la Rosa has participated in a number of National and European research and industrial projects, and has co-authored more than 170 international peer-reviewed publications, including journal and conference papers, book chapters and the books Systematic Design of CMOS Switched-Current Bandpass Sigma-Delta Modulators for Digital Communication Chips (Kluwer, 2002), CMOS Cascade Sigma-Delta Modulators for Sensors and Telecom: Error Analysis and Practical Design (Springer, 2006) and Nanometer CMOS Sigma-Delta Modulators for Software Defined Radio (Springer, 2011).Dr. de la Rosa is a member of the Analog Signal Processing Technical Committee of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. He serves as Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers. He has also served and is currently serving as a review committee member of IEEE ISCAS conference. He participated and is currently participating in the organizing and technical committees of diverse international conferences, among others IEEE MWSCAS, IEEE ICECS, IEEE LASCAS, IFIP/IEEE VLSI-SoC and DATE. He served as TPC co-chair of IEEE MWSCAS 2012 and IEEE ICECS 2012.Rocío del Río Fernández received the M.S. degree in 1996 in Electronic Physics and the Ph.D. degree in 2004, both from the University of Seville, Spain. She joined the Department of Electronics and Electromagnetism of the University of Seville in 1995, where she is an Associate Professor. She is also since 1995 at the Institute of Microelectronics of Seville IMSE-CNM (CSIC / University of Seville), where she works in the group of “Analog and Mixed-Signal Microelectronics”.Her main areas of interest are in the field of analog-to-digital converters (especially sigma-delta ADCs), including analysis, behavioral modeling, and design automation. She has participated in diverse National and European R&D projects and has co-authored more than 90 international publications, including journal and conference papers, and books and book chapters.Dr. del Río has co-authored the books CMOS Cascade Sigma-Delta Modulators for Sensor and Telecom: Error Analysis and Practical Design (Springer, 2006) and Nanometer CMOS Sigma-Delta Modulators for Software Defined Radio (Springer, 2011).

• List of Abbreviations xviiPreface xxiAcknowledgements xxvii1 Introduction to ΣΔ Modulators: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals 11.1 Basics of A/D Conversion 21.2 Basics of Sigma-Delta Modulators 81.3 Classification of ΣΔ Modulators 151.4 Single-Loop ΣΔ Modulators 161.5 Cascade ΣΔ Modulators 241.6 Multibit ΣΔ Modulators 291.7 Band-Pass ΣΔ Modulators 361.8 Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulators 411.9 Summary 492 Circuits and Errors: Systematic Analysis and Practical Design Issues 542.1 Nonidealities in Switched-Capacitor ΣΔ Modulators 552.2 Finite Amplifier Gain in SC-ΣΔMs 562.3 Capacitor Mismatch in SC-ΣΔMs 602.4 Integrator Settling Error in SC-ΣΔMs 622.5 Circuit Noise in SC-ΣΔMs 712.6 Clock Jitter in SC-ΣΔMs 752.7 Sources of Distortion in SC-ΣΔMs 762.8 Nonidealities in Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulators 802.9 Clock Jitter in CT-ΣΔMs 812.10 Excess Loop Delay in CT-ΣΔMs 852.11 Quantizer Metastability in CT-ΣΔMs 882.12 Finite Amplifier Gain in CT-ΣΔMs 892.13 Time-Constant Error in CT-ΣΔMs 922.14 Finite Integrator Dynamics in CT-ΣΔMs 942.15 Circuit Noise in CT-ΣΔMs 952.16 Sources of Distortion in CT-ΣΔMs 972.17 Case Study: High-Level Sizing of a ΣΔM 992.18 Summary 1073 Behavioral Modeling and High-Level Simulation 1103.1 Systematic Design Methodology of ΣΔ Modulators 1103.2 Simulation Approaches for the High-Level Evaluation of ΣΔMs 1133.3 Implementing ΣΔM Behavioral Models 1183.4 Efficient Behavioral Modeling of ΣΔM Building Blocks using C-MEX S-Functions 1343.5 SIMSIDES: A SIMULINK-Based Behavioral Simulator for ΣΔMs 1593.6 Using SIMSIDES for the High-Level Sizing and Verification of ΣΔMs 1673.7 Summary 1834 Circuit-Level Design, Implementation, and Verification 1864.1 Macromodeling ΣΔMs 1864.2 Including Noise in Transient Electrical Simulations of ΣΔMs 1994.3 Processing ΣΔM Output Results of Electrical Simulations 2084.4 Design Considerations and Simulation Test Benches of ΣΔM Basic Building Blocks 2134.5 Auxiliary ΣΔM Building Blocks 2504.6 Layout Design, Floorplanning, and Practical Issues 2574.7 Chip Package, Test PCB, and Experimental Set-Up 2634.8 Summary 2705 Frontiers of ΣΔ Modulators: Trends and Challenges 2735.1 Overview of the State of the Art on ΣΔMs 2745.2 Empirical and Statistical Analysis of State-of-the-Art ΣΔMs 2915.3 Cutting-Edge ΣΔM Architectures and Techniques 3005.4 Classification of State-of-the-Art References 3195.5 Summary 319A SIMSIDES User Guide 334A.1 Getting Started: Installing and Running SIMSIDES 334A.2 Building and Editing ΣΔM Architectures in SIMSIDES 335A.3 Analyzing ΣΔMs in SIMSIDES 337A.4 Example 345A.5 Getting Help 354B SIMSIDES Block Libraries and Models 355B.1 Overview of SIMSIDES Libraries 355B.2 Ideal Libraries 355B.3 Real SC Building-Block Libraries 361B.4 Real SI Building-Block Libraries 364B.5 Real CT Building-Block Libraries 371B.6 Real Quantizers and Comparators 382B.7 Real D/A Converters 382B.8 Auxiliary Blocks 384Index 389