Alexander Kusnecov is Associate Professor of Psychology at Rutgers University, USA. As well as a number of studies on stress, his work has focused on behavioral conditioning of the immune system, as well as more recently on the neural, endocrine and behavioral consequences of immunologic challenge. Hymie Anisman is a full Professor in the department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Canada. He holds the distinguished Canada Research Chair in Neuroscience. The principle theme of his research has been the influence of stressors on neurochemical, neuroendocrine and immune systems, and how these influence psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety and PTSD.

• Preface ixAlexander W. Kusnecov and Hymie AnismanForeword xiiiRobert Ader and Nicholas CohenList of Contributors xvii1 Basic Principles in Immunology: Relevance for Studies in Psychoneuroimmunology 1Sarah M. Clark, Kerry C. Michael, Achsah D. Keegan, and Leonardo H. Tonelli2 Innervation of the Immune System 24Denise L. Bellinger, Dwight M. Nance, and Dianne Lorton3 In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Immune System Modulation of Brain Function and Neurochemistry 73Michael O. Poulter and Zul Merali4 Control and Contributions of the Blood–Brain Barriers to Cytokine Levels in the CNS 88William A. Banks5 The Immune–Neuroendocrine Network in Health and Disease 99Adriana del Rey and Hugo O. Besedovsky6 Neural Functions of Hematopoietic-derived Cells 120Noel C. Derecki and Jonathan Kipnis7 Immunoregulatory Neuropeptides 144Doina Ganea and Mario Skarica8 Regulation of Immune Cell Activity by Norepinephrine and β2-Adrenergic Receptor Engagement 161Caroline J. Padro, Jaclyn W. McAlees, and Virginia M. Sanders9 Immune-to-Brain Communication in Pain: Historical Perspectives, New Directions 176Peter M. Grace, Linda R. Watkins, and Mark R. Hutchinson10 Stress and Neuroendocrine–Immune Interaction: A Therapeutic Role for β-endorphin 198Olivia Wynne and Dipak K. Sarkar11 Assessing Neuroendocrine-Mediated Modulation of Immunity to Infection in Animals: Caveats and Methodological Issues 212Jodi L. Yorty and Robert H. Bonneau12 Approaches to Assessing Stressor-Induced Cytokine and Endocrine Changes in Humans 234Kim Matheson and Hymie Anisman13 Stress and Immune Function in Humans: A Life-Course Perspective 251Jan A. Moynihan, Kathi L. Heffner, Mary T. Caserta, and Thomas G. O’Connor14 Predicting Health: The Role of the Early-Life Environment 266Luba Sominsky, Adam K. Walker, and Deborah M. Hodgson15 Microglia and Neurodevelopment: Programming of Cognition throughout the Lifespan 296Jaclyn M. Schwarz and Staci D. Bilbo16 Aging and the Immune System 313Ashley M. Fenn, Angela W. Corona, and Jonathan P. Godbout17 Peripheral Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Cognitive Aging: The Role of Metabolic Risk 330Alvin Lim and Anna Marsland18 Immune Stimulation and Cognitive Function: Defining the Deficits and Avoiding the Pitfalls 347Colm Cunningham19 The Role of NF-κB in Behavioral and Neural Plasticity 365Elyse M. Mallimo and Alexander W. Kusnecov20 Inflammatory Roads to Neurodegeneration: A Focus on Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Disease 393Shawn Hayley and Darcy Litteljohn21 The Psychotic Face of the Immune System: Inflammation and Schizophrenia 411Urs Meyer22 Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Autism 425Veronica M. Miller, Rachael Racine, and Steven S. Zalcman23 Depression, Inflammation and Tryptophan Metabolism 448Robert H. McCusker, Annemieke Kavelaars, Cobi J. Heijnen, Robert Dantzer, and Keith W. Kelley24 An Inflammatory Perspective of Stress and Human Depressive Disorder 469M.-C. Audet, S. Jacobson-Pick, R. McQuaid, and Hymie Anisman25 Interaction Between Immune and Energy-Balance Signals in the Regulation of Feeding and Metabolism 488Alfonso Abizaid, Giamal Luheshi, and Barbara C. Woodside26 Psychoneuroimmunological Processes in Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure 504Willem J. Kop and Paula M.C. MommersteegIndex 525