Chemical Process Design and Integration

Professor Robin Smith is Head of the Centre for Process Integration at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) in the United Kingdom. Before joining UMIST he had extensive industrial experience with Rohm & Haas in process investigation and process design, and with ICI in computer-aided design and process integration. He was a member of the ICI Process Integration Team that pioneered the first industrial applications of process integration design methods. Since joining UMIST he has acted extensively as a consultant in process integration projects. He has published widely in the field of chemical process design and integration, and is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers in the UK and a chartered engineer. In 1992 he was awarded the Hanson Medal of the Institution of Chemical Engineers in the UK for his work on clean process technology.

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgements xvNomenclature xvii1 The Nature of Chemical Process Design and Integration 12 Process Economics 193 Optimization 374 Chemical Reactors I – Reactor Performance 595 Chemical Reactors II – Reactor Conditions 816 Chemical Reactors III – Reactor Configuration 1077 Separation of Heterogeneous Mixtures 1258 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures I – Distillation 1399 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures II – Other Methods 18510 Distillation Sequencing 22111 Distillation Sequencing for Azeotropic Distillation 24712 Heat Exchange 27513 Pumping and Compression 34914 Continuous Process Recycle Structure 37715 Continuous Process Simulation and Optimization 39316 Batch Processes 41717 Heat Exchanger Networks I – Network Targets 45718 Heat Exchanger Networks II – Network Design 50119 Heat Exchanger Networks III – Stream Data 54320 Heat Integration of Reactors 55521 Heat Integration of Distillation 56322 Heat Integration of Evaporators and Dryers 57723 Steam Systems and Cogeneration 58324 Cooling and Refrigeration Systems 64725 Environmental Design for Atmospheric Emissions 68726 Water System Design 72127 Environmental Sustainability in Chemical Production 78128 Process Safety 811Appendix A Physical Properties in Process Design 827Appendix B Materials of Construction 853Appendix C Annualization of Capital Cost 861Appendix D The Maximum Thermal Effectiveness for 1–2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 863Appendix E Expression for the Minimum Number of 1–2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers for a GivenUnit 865Appendix F Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 867Appendix G Gas Compression Theory 875Appendix H Algorithm for the Heat Exchanger Network Area Target 881Index 883